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Introduction
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1.2 Methodologies:
Basically the report on MIGA & BANGLADESH that has been done for the MBA term report
purpose is one sort of theoretical report because the report is based on facts and information those are
already available and are analyzed through judgmental basis. In order to make the report more meaningful
and presentable, two kinds of sources of data and information have been used:
A. The Primary Sources Personal observation of world and Bangladesh economy
B. The Secondary Sources Different publications regarding globalization, foreign exchange operation and economic of
Bangladesh.
Internet was used broadly as a theoretical source of information.
Websites and Newsletters are also was major sources.
1.3 Scope & Limitation:
This report has been prepared through extensive idea in International trade and business. Through the
globalization, recent world economy comes across a historical era. Also Bangladesh has been faced a
global change vastly in different areas.
To prepare a report in a short duration (only few weeks) is not an easy task. In preparing this report some
problems and limitation have encountered which are as follows:
The main constrain of the study was insufficiency of information, which was required for the
study.
The data and information are not in organized way.
Due to time limitation many of the aspects could not be discussed in the present report.
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PART : 02
Overview: Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency(MIGA)
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2.1 Introduction:
Globalization creates investment opportunities for enterprises around the world. Attracting foreign
investment has been a key challenge for economic growth in developing countries. Corruption, political
instability, armed conflict, and other internal problems affect foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows
negatively. To facilitate the FDI, the World Bank Group was established. The World Bank Group, one of
the worlds largest development institutions, is a major form of financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the world. Its member institutions work together and complement each
others activities to achieve their shared goals of reducing poverty and improving lives.
Joint projects and programs of the Bank Groups institutions focus on promoting sustainable
development by expanding financial markets, issuing guarantees to investors and commercial lenders, and
providing advisory services to create better investment conditions in developing countries.Working
together, the World Bank, IFC, and MIGA catalyze projects that make assistance available to clients
through greater innovation and responsiveness.
Among the world bank institutions, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is one, which
provides political risk insurance or guarantees against losses caused by noncommercial risks to facilitate
foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries.
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MIGA offers comparative advantages in all of these areasfrom its unique package of products and
ability to restore the business community's confidence, to its ongoing collaboration with the public and
private insurance market to increase the amount of insurance available to investors.
Products:
MIGA fulfill its mission by providing political risk insurance guarantees to private sector investors and
lenders. MIGAs guarantees protect investments against-non-commercial risks and can help investors
obtain access to funding sitsces with improved financial terms and conditions. Since its inception in 1988,
MIGA has issued more than $24 billion in political risk insurance for projects in a wide variety of sectors,
covering all regions of the world. It also conduct research and share knowledge as part of its mandate to
support foreign direct investment into emerging markets.
Team
Its people have extensive experience in political risk insurance, with backgrounds including banking and
capital markets, environmental and social sustainability, project finance and sector specialties, and
international law and dispute settlement. Meet its senior management.
Shareholders
MIGAs corporate powers are vested in the Council of Governors, which delegates most of its powers to a
Board of Directors. Voting power is itighted according to the share of capital each director represents.
The directors meet regularly at the World Bank Group headquarters in Washington, DC, where they
review and decide on investment projects and oversee general management policies.
Historical events:
The idea for a multilateral political risk insurance provider was floated long before MIGAs
establishmentin fact as far back as 1948. But it was not until September 1985 that this idea started to
become a reality. At that time the World Banks Board of Governors began the process of creating a new
investment insurance affiliate by endorsing the MIGA convention that defined its core mission: "to
enhance the flow to developing countries of capital and technology for productive purposes under
conditions consistent with their developmental needs, policies and objectives, on the basis of fair and
stable standards to the treatment of foreign investment."
1988
1990
1991
1996
2005
2006
2008
2009
MIGA is established
MIGA issues its first investment guarantee contracts supporting fits projects
representing a total of $1.04 billion in direct investment
Membership tops 100 countries
MIGA launches IPA neta global internet-based information exchange,
communications network, and marketplace
MIGA launches Small Investment Program to encitsage investment in small and
medium-size enterprises.
MIGA supports first project under the new facility for Afghanistan to promote
development in the cotton sector
MIGA celebrates 20th anniversary
MIGAs Board of Directors approves substantial changes to the
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2010
2011
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Expropriation:
Protects against losses arising from certain government actions that may reduce or eliminate ownership
of, control over, or rights to the insured investment. In addition to outright nationalization and
confiscation, "creeping" expropriationa series of acts that, over time, have an expropriatory effectis
also covered. Coverage is available on a limited basis for partial expropriation (e.g., confiscation of funds
or tangible assets).
In case of total expropriation of equity investments, compensation to the insured party is based on the net
book value of the insured investment. For expropriation of funds, MIGA pays the insured portion of the
blocked funds. For loans and loan guaranties, MIGA can insure the outstanding principal and any accrued
and unpaid interest. Compensation would be paid upon assignment of the investor's interest in the
expropriated investment (e.g., equity shares or interest in a loan agreement) to MIGA.
War, Terrorism, and Civil Disturbance:
Protects against loss from, damage to, or the destruction or disappearance of, tangible assets or total
business interruption (the total inability to conduct operations essential to a projects overall financial
viability) caused by politically motivated acts of war or civil disturbance in the country, including
revolution, insurrection, coups d'tat, sabotage, and terrorism.
For tangible asset losses, MIGA would pay the investors share of the lesser of the replacement cost and
the cost of repair of the damaged or lost assets, or the book value of such assets if they are neither being
replaced nor repaired.
For total business interruption that results from a covered war and civil disturbance event, compensation
would be based, in the case of equity investments, on the net book value of the insured investment or, in
the case of loans, the insured portion of the principal and interest payment in default.
For short-term business interruption, MIGA would pay unavoidable continuing expenses and
extraordinary expenses associated with the restart of operations and lost business income or, in the case of
loans, missed payments.
Breach of Contract:
Protects against losses arising from the governments breach or repudiation of a contract with the investor
(e.g., a concession or a power purchase agreement). Breach of contract coverage may be extended to the
contractual obligations of state-owned enterprises in certain circumstances. In the event of an alleged
breach or repudiation, the investor should invoke the dispute resolution mechanism (e.g., an arbitration)
set out in the underlying contract
MIGA may, at its discretion, make a provisional payment pending the outcome of the dispute and before
compensation for non-payment of an award is paid. For non-payment of an award, MIGA would pay the
investor's interest in the award.
Non-Honoring of Sovereign Financial Obligations:
Protects against losses resulting from a governments failure to make a payment when due under an
unconditional financial payment obligation or guarantee related to an eligible investment. It does not
require the investor to obtain an arbitral award. This coverage is applicable in situations when a
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sovereigns financial payment obligation is unconditional and not subject to defenses. Compensation
would be based on the insured outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest.
2.5 Eligibility:
MIGA insures cross-border investments made by investors in a MIGA member country into a developing
member country.
Corporations and financial institutions are eligible for coverage if they are either incorporated in,
and have their principal place of business in, a member country or if they are majority-owned by
nationals of member countries.
A state-owned company is eligible if it operates on a commercial basis. An investment made by a
non-profit organization may be eligible if it is carried out on a commercial basis.
MIGA insures new and existing investments. For an existing investment to be considered eligible,
the project must meet certain criteria. For example, MIGA may insure existing investments where
an eligible investor is seeking to insure a pool of existing and new investments Acquisitions,
including the privatization of state-owned enterprises, may also be eligible. Investors seeking
clarification on eligibility are envisaged to contact us.
The types of foreign investments that can be covered include equity, shareholder loans,
shareholder loan guaranties, and non-shareholder loans. All loans and loan guaranties, including
those issued by shareholders of the project, must have a minimum maturity of more than one year
provided that MIGA determines the project represents a long-term commitment by the investors.
In keeping with MIGA's objective of promoting economic growth and development, investment
projects must be financially and economically viable and meet MIGAs social and environmental
performance standards.
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Processing Fee: Additional fees may be required for complex projects. For example, fees may be
required to cover the cost of site visits for environmental and social due diligence.
Syndication Fee: If applicable, a fee will be applied when MIGA arranges a projects total insurance
requirements through reinsurance.
Review, Disclosure, and Due Diligence by MIGA:
Before it undertake extensive underwriting , MIGAs management conducts a preliminary assessment of
the projects development impact, risk profile, and compliance with its legal and policy requirements.
This early review helps give prompt feedback to clients on the project and the requirements for MIGA
coverage. Once a project is authorized to proceed, its underwriting team completes its analysis of the
projects risks, its economic and financial viability, its environmental and social impact, and in general,
its contribution to development.
During this period it will also seek the host countrys approval to issue the insurance. This should provide
some comfort to clients because the country has supported MIGAs participation in the project. Once its
management approves a project, it submits the project to its Board of Directors, comprising government
representatives from its member countries. In accordance with its disclosure policy, a brief summary of
the project and related environmental and social impact documents must be publicly disclosed prior to
presentation to the Board of Directors. With MIGAs Board approval and host country approval, the
guarantee contracts are ready to be signed.
The duration of the underwriting process depends on the complexity of the project. Complex projects
requiring extensive environmental and social due diligence will take longer, but most projects can be
underwritten in fits to six months or less. Projects under the Small Investment Program can be processed
in one to two months if all of the required documentation has been provided.
Sector:
MIGAs investment guarantees cover projects in a broad range of sectors and subsectors, with projects in
the financial sector accounting for the largest share (49 percent) of the agencys outstanding portfolio at
the close of fiscal year 2011. The high exposure in the sector is largely the result of MIGAs support to
the banking sector in the wake of the international financial crisis.
At 33 percent of MIGAs outstanding gross portfolio, the infrastructure sector is a priority focus for the
agency.
In fiscal year 2011, the agribusiness, manufacturing, and services sector accounted for 13 percent, while
the oil, gas and mining sector accounted for 5 percent of the agencys gross exposure.
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percent of MIGAs gross outstanding portfolio. In 2008, MIGA issued 38 guarantees to 24 projects
totaling $2.1 billion with Gross Exposure at $6.5 billion.
MIGA envisages development by insuring new cross-border investments from any MIGA member
countries. MIGA insured investment includes: expansion, modernization, or financial restructuring of
existing projects, privatization of state-owned enterprises. MIGA also insures investments involving
equity, shareholder loans, and shareholder loan guarantees with minimum maturity of three years;
unrelated borrower with shareholder investment already insured; technical assistance, management
contracts, franchising.
In FY 2008, 60 percent of MIGA guarantees tire issued to Europe and Central Asia while the Middle East
and North Africa region received 21 percent of MIGA's overall guarantees. This was foliated by SubSaharan Africa at 10 percent and Latin America and the Caribbean at 8 percent. Asia and the Pacific only
made up 2 percent of guarantees issued by MIGA. By sectors, MIGAs coverage of the infrastructure is
largest and stands at 44 percent. Finance is next at 30 percent, manufacturing and services at 15 percent,
and extractive industries at 12 percent.
Lending products
Pricing for MIGA guarantee premiums is calculated based on both country and project risk with duration
up to 15 years. MIGA can terminate the contract only when the guarantee holder default on its
contractual obligation to MIGA, but after three years of coverage, the guarantee holder may cancel or
reduce coverage on any contract anniversary. Fits types of coverage are transfer restriction,
expropriation, war and civil disturbance, breach of contract, and investors may select one or a
combination for MIGA coverage. Equity investments can be insured limit is 90 percent and debt up to 95
percent. MIGA is allowed to insure up to $200 million, with further coverage arranged through
syndication of insurance.
Requirements to receive lending:
Eligibility for coverage is considered case-by-case. Nationals from MIGA member countries may be
eligible for MIGA provided the nationality of the investor and the investment are not the same. MIGA
makes for exception under certain conditions. Coverage for corporations requires the company to be
incorporated with its principal place of business in a member country, or with majority-ownership by
nationals of member countries. A state-owned corporations eligibility depends on its commercial basis.
To qualify for MIGA coverage, preliminary applications must be submitted before an investment
commitment. MIGA only covers new investments. With the submission of the preliminary application,
MIGA staff will decide within three business days on the project merit. Further process requires a
confirmation letter and a definitive application with request for further details on the project. MIGA can
usually process a guarantee within three to fits months after receiving a definitive application. The
application process fee of $5000 could be waived under special circumstances for Small and Medium
Investors and Enterprises.
corruption are especially severe on the poor, who are hardest hit by economic decline, most reliant on the
provision of public services, and least capable of paying the extra costs associated with bribery, fraud, and
the misappropriation of economic privileges.
Corruption damages policies and programs that aim to reduce poverty, so attacking corruption is critical
to the achievement of MIGAs and the World Bank Groups overarching mission of poverty reduction.
MIGAs approach to combating fraud and corruption is part of a larger World Bank Group effort, and
MIGA works closely with the relevant World Bank Group departments on these issues.
Combating Fraud and Corruption in MIGA-Supported Projects:
MIGA carries out an integrity/corporate risk assessment in all projects considered for MIGA guarantees,
by considering:
checks of involved parties
clients safeguards for dealing with fraud and corruption
the project structure and contractual arrangements.
MIGAs stance against fraud, corruption, related misconduct (coercive, collusive, and obstructive
practices), or a lack of transparency, is also incorporated into the legal documentation governing its
investment guarantees, and gives MIGA the right to decline to pay compensation or terminate guarantee
coverage.
Additionally, allegations of such misconduct in projects for which MIGA has issued a guarantee are
subject to review and determination under the World Bank Groups sanctions and debarment process.
MIGAs objective is to ensure a fair, transparent, and rational way to evaluate allegations of misconduct
in any MIGA project.
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When an investment is proposed for a guarantee, MIGA conducts a social and environmental
review of the project as part of its overall due diligence. This review is appropriate to the nature
and scale of the project, and commensurate with the level of social and environmental risks and
impacts. MIGA reviews any new business activity that is being considered for MIGA guarantee
support, whether in the pre-construction, construction, or operational stage. Where there are
significant historical social or environmental impacts associated with the project, including those
caused by others, MIGA works with its client to determine possible remediation measures.
The effectiveness and efficiency of the social and environmental review depend partly on the
timing of MIGAs involvement. When this involvement occurs in the early stages of project
design, MIGA is able to support the client more effectively in anticipating and addressing specific
risks, impacts and opportunities, and help build its capacity to manage these throughout the life of
the project.
The social and environmental review includes three key components: (i) the social and
environmental risks and impacts of the project as assessed by the client; (ii) the commitment and
capacity of the client to manage these expected impacts, including the clients social and
environmental management system; and (iii) the role of third parties in the projects compliance
with the Performance Standards. Each of these components helps MIGA to ascertain whether the
project can be expected to meet the Performance Standards. In the case of projects with
significant adverse impacts on affected communities, MIGA also assures itself that there is broad
community support for the project within the affected communities .MIGA bases its review on
the clients Social and Environmental Assessment. In cases where such Assessment does not meet
the requirements of Performance Standard 1, MIGA requires the client to undertake additional
Assessment or, where appropriate, to commission Assessment by external experts.
MIGAs Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability:
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) applies the Performance Standards to manage
social and environmental risks and impacts and to enhance development opportunities in the projects that
it supports through the provision of guarantees against political risks.1 The Performance Standards may
also be applied by other financial institutions electing to apply them to projects in emerging markets.
Together, the eight Performance Standards establish standards that the client2 is to meet throughout the
life of an investment supported by a MIGA guarantee.
Performance Standard 1: Social and Environmental Assessment and Management System:
Performance Standard 1 underscores the importance of managing social and environmental performance
throughout the life of a project (any business activity that is subject to assessment and management).
Objectives To identify and assess social and environment impacts, both adverse and beneficial, in the
projects area of influence.
To avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse
impacts on workers, affected communities, and the environment.
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To ensure that affected communities are appropriately engaged on issues that could potentially
affect them.
To promote improved social and environment performance of companies through the effective
use of management systems
This Performance Standard applies to projects with social or environmental risks and impacts that should
be managed, in the early stages of project development, and on an ongoing basis
Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions:
Performance Standard 2 recognizes that the pursuit of economic growth through employment creation and
income generation should be balanced with protection for basic rights of workers. For any business, the
workforce is a valuable asset, and a sound worker-management relationship is a key ingredient to the
sustainability of the enterprise.
Objectives To establish, maintain and improve the worker-management relationship.
To promote the fair treatment, non-discrimination and equal opportunity of workers, and
compliance with national labor and employment laws.
To protect the workforce by addressing child labor and forced labor.
To promote safe and healthy working conditions, and to protect and promote the health of
workers
Failure to establish and foster a sound worker-management relationship can undermine worker
commitment and retention, and can jeopardize a project.
Performance Standard 3: Pollution Prevention and Abatement:
Performance Standard 3 recognizes that increased industrial activity and urbanization often generate
increased levels of pollution to air, water, and land that may threaten people and the environment at the
local, regional, and global level.1 On the other hand, along with international trade, pollution prevention
and control technologies and practices have become more accessible and achievable in virtually all parts
of the world.
Objectives
To avoid or minimize adverse impacts on human health and the environment by avoiding or
minimizing pollution from project activities.
To promote the reduction of emissions that contribute to climate change.
This Performance Standard outlines a project approach to pollution prevention and abatement in line with
these internationally disseminated technologies and practices. In addition, this Performance Standard
promotes the private sectors ability to integrate such technologies and practices as far as their use is
technically and financially feasible and cost-effective in the context of a project that relies on
commercially available skills and resources.
Performance Standard 4: Community Health, Safety and Security:
Performance Standard 4 recognizes that project activities, equipment, and infrastructure often bring
benefits to communities including employment, services, and opportunities for economic development.
However, projects can also increase the potential for community exposure to risks and impacts arising
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from equipment accidents, structural failures, and releases of hazardous materials. Communities may also
be affected by impacts on their natural resources, exposure to diseases, and the use of security personnel.
Objectives
To avoid or minimize risks to and impacts on the health and safety of the local community during
the project life cycle from both routine and non-routine circumstances.
To ensure that the safeguarding of personnel and property is carried out in a legitimate manner
that avoids or minimizes risks to the communitys safety and security.
While acknowledging the public authorities role in promoting the health, safety and security of the
public, this Performance Standard addresses the clients responsibility to avoid or minimize the risks and
impacts to community health, safety and security that may arise from project activities. The level of risks
and impacts described in this Performance Standard may be greater in projects located in conflict and
post-conflict areas.
Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement:
Involuntary resettlement refers both to physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) and to
economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or means of
livelihood) as a result of project-related land acquisition. Resettlement is considered involuntary when
affected individuals or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition that results in
displacement. This occurs in cases of: (i) lawful expropriation or restrictions on land use based on
eminent domain and ii) negotiated settlements in which the buyer can resort to expropriation or impose
legal restrictions on land use if negotiations with the seller fail.
Objectives
To avoid or at least minimize involuntary resettlement wherever feasible by exploring alternative
project designs
To mitigate adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or restrictions on affected
persons use of land by: (i) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost; and (ii)
ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information,
consultation, and the informed participation of those affected
To improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons
To improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing
with security of tenure4 at resettlement sites.
Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource
Management:
Performance Standard 6 recognizes that protecting and conserving biodiversitythe variety of life in all
its forms, including genetic, species and ecosystem diversityand its ability to change and evolve, is
fundamental to sustainable development. The components of biodiversity, as defined in the Convention
on Biological Diversity, include ecosystems and habitats, species and communities, and genes and
genomes, all of which have social, economic, cultural and scientific importance.
Objectives
To protect and conserve biodiversity
To promote the sustainable management and use of natural resources through the adoption of
practices that integrate conservation needs and development priorities
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This Performance Standard reflects the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity to conserve
biological diversity and promote use of renewable natural resources in a sustainable manner. This
Performance Standard addresses how clients can avoid or mitigate threats to biodiversity arising from
their operations as well as sustainably manage renewable natural resources.
Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples:
Performance Standard 7 recognizes that Indigenous Peoples, as social groups with identities that are
distinct from dominant groups in national societies, are often among the most marginalized and
vulnerable segments of the population. Their economic, social and legal status often limits their capacity
to defend their interests in, and rights to, lands and natural and cultural resources, and may restrict their
ability to participate in and benefit from development.
Objectives
To ensure that the development process fosters full respect for the dignity, human rights,
aspirations, cultures and natural resource-based livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples
To avoid adverse impacts of projects on communities of Indigenous Peoples, or when avoidance
is not feasible, to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such impacts, and to provide
opportunities for development benefits, in a culturally appropriate manner
To establish and maintain an ongoing relationship with the Indigenous Peoples affected by a
project throughout the life of the project
To foster good faith negotiation with and informed participation of Indigenous Peoples when
projects are to be located on traditional or customary lands under use by the Indigenous Peoples
To respect and preserve the culture, knowledge and practices of Indigenous Peoples
They are particularly vulnerable if their lands and resources are transformed, encroached upon by
outsiders, or significantly degraded. Their languages, cultures, religions, spiritual beliefs, and institutions
may also be under threat. These characteristics expose Indigenous Peoples to different types of risks and
severity of impacts, including loss of identity, culture, and natural resource-based livelihoods, as well as
exposure to impoverishment and disease.
Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage:
Performance Standard 8 recognizes the importance of cultural heritage for current and future generations.
Consistent with the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage,
this Performance Standard aims to protect irreplaceable cultural heritage and to guide clients on
protecting cultural heritage in the course of their business operations. In addition, the requirements of this
Performance Standard on a projects use of cultural heritage are based in part on standards set by the
Convention on Biological Diversity.
Objectives
To protect cultural heritage from the adverse impacts of project activities and support its
preservation
To promote the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of cultural heritage in business
activities
Assessment; and (ii) specify MIGAs institutional requirements to disclose to the public project specific
information prior to presenting projects to its Board of Directors for approval in accordance with Section
12 of the Disclosure Policy. A proposed investment is classified as:
Category A: if it may have potentially significant adverse social or environmental impacts that are
diverse, irreversible, or unprecedented.
Category B: if it may have potentially limited adverse social or environmental impacts that are few in
number, generally site specific, largely reversible, and readily addressed through mitigation measures.
Category C: if the project has minimal or no adverse social or environmental impacts, including certain
financial intermediary projects with minimal or no adverse risks.
Category FI: is assigned to all financial intermediary projects excluding those that are Category C
projects.
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PART: 03
MIGA & BANGLADESH
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the same premises in Ashuganj power station. Another leading international bank, Standard Chartered,
will arrange the ECA fund for the 225 MW Project for which a contract is likely to be signed between the
APSCL and the London-bashed multinational bank. The governments Hard-Term Loan Committee
recently gave go-ahead to the two ECA funding totaling US$ 622 million
The APSCL signed a contract on May 17 this year with EPC contractor -Consortium of Inelectra
International AB of Sweden and TSK Electronica y electricidad SA of Spain - to build the 382 MW
power plant at the Ashuganj power station premises.
As per the deal of 450 MW projects, the plants gross production capacity will be 382.30 MW while the
net output will be 373.312 MW. The plant will run at 56.81 percent of efficiency using natural gas of
48.80 million cubic feet per day. This project will produce one of the lowest-priced electricity as per unit
will cost Tk 1.82.
The APSCL also signed another contract with another EPC contractor - South Korean Hyundai
Engineering Company and Daewoo International Corporation - on October 5 last year to build the 225
MW combined cycle power plant at Ashuganj power station.
Project name
Project ID
Fiscal year
Status
Guarantee holder
Investor country
Host country
Environmental category
10517
2012
Proposed
HSBC
China
Bangladesh
A
Sector
Date SPG disclosed
Projected Board date
Gross exposure
Project type
Strategic priority area
ESRS
Power
September 06, 2012
November 20, 2012
$300.0 million
Non-SIP
Complex Project South-South IDA
Environmental and Social Review Summary for Ashuganj Power
Station Company Ltd. in Bangladesh
This summary covers a non-shareholder loan from the Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation
(HSBC) of Hong Kong SAR, China to Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL) in Bangladesh.
HSBC will coordinate and arrange a $420 million financing package to APSCL for the project. The
investor has applied for a MIGA guarantee of up to $300 million for a period of up to 11 years against the
risk of non-honoring of sovereign financial obligations. The Ministry of Finance of Bangladesh will
provide an unconditional sovereign guarantee covering debt obligations of APSCL under its loan
agreement with HSBC.
.
Environmental Categorization
The project is a category A under MIGAs Policy on Social and Environmental Sustainability.
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Applicable Standards
While all Performance Standards are applicable to this investment, based on our current information, the
investment will have impacts which must be managed in a manner consistent with the following
Performance Standards:
PS1: Social and Environmental Assessment and Management Systems
PS2: Labor and Working Conditions
PS3: Pollution Prevention and Abatement
PS4: Community Health, Safety & Security
PS6: Biodiversity Conservation & Sustainable Natural Resource Management
The site for the power plant development is currently owned by APSCL. There are no issues related to
land acquisition at this stage of project development and no people will be physically or economically
displaced as a result of the development. Therefore PS 5 is not applied. The EIA confirmed that no
indigenous people will be impacted by the development nor will it impact on traditional, customary lands
or cultural resources. No indigenous people live in the area, therefore PS 7 does not apply. No remarkable
archaeological or historically important structures were identified in the area and the probability of
finding significant cultural resources in the project zone is low, therefore PS 8 does not apply. However, a
chance finds procedure for the construction phase will be developed.
Development Impact
Bangladesh currently faces an acute shortage of power generation capacity. This impairs the countrys
economic and social development and constrains growth. The government of Bangladesh has made
energy a high priority and recently adopted an updated Power Sector Master Plan, which includes this
project. The proposed project will help meet the countrys growing demand for power, using a domestic
gas resistance and efficient technology.
The project is consistent with MIGAs strategic priorities of supporting investment into the worlds
poorest countries, complex projects, and South-South investments.
Bangladesh mainly due to a chronic feud between its Malaysian and Bangladeshi partners. An agreement
was reached with Orascom worth US$25 million was finalized in secret. The pact has been kept secret for
legal reasons, considering financial fallout and because of the feud.
The main reason for the undercover dealing was the joint venture agreement between the Bangladeshi and
the Malaysian partners, which dictates that if any party sells its Sheba shares, the other party will enjoy
the first right to buy that.
Integrated Services Ltd. (ISL), the Bangladeshi partner, was being officially shown as purchasing the
shares held by Technology Resources Industries (TRI) of Malaysia for $15 million. ISL then paid another
$10 million to Standard Chartered Bank to settle Sheba's liabilities.
In September, 2004, Orascom Telecom Holdings purchased 100% of the shares of Sheba Telecom (Pvt.)
Limited (Sheba). It was acquired for US$60 million. Sheba had a base of 59,000 users, of whom 49,000
were regular when it was sold.[7] Afterward it was re-branded and launched its services under the
Banglalink brand on February 10, 2005. Banglalinks license is a nationwide 15-year GSM license and
will expire in November, 2011.
In March, 2008, Sheba Telecom (Pvt.) Limited changed its name as Orascom Telecom Bangladesh
Limited, matching its parent company name
Project name
Project ID
Fiscal year
Status
Guarantee holder
Investor country
Host country
Sector
Gross exposure
Project type
$78.3 million
Non-SIP
MIGA has issued a $78.3 million guarantee to Orascom Telecom Holding SAE, a company organized
under the laws of Egypt, covering its equity investment in Sheba Telecom Ltd. in Bangladesh. The
guarantee is for a period of up to 15 years and covers against the risks of transfer restriction, expropriation
and war and civil disturbance. Orascom made this investment through its wholly owned subsidiary
Orascom Telecom Ventures, which is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
The project involves the acquisition, operation and maintenance of a national mobile telephone network
based on GSM technology. The company offers countrywide services. Since acquiring Sheba, Orascom
has upgraded the network and re-branded the company as Banglalink. Orascom has rapidly deployed new
network infrastructure, set up a distribution network, and offers high-quality mobile services at
competitive prices.
By supporting this project, MIGA aims to help the government address the acute shortage of reliable
telephone services in the country. Bangladesh has an extremely low teledensity of less than 1 percent.
Landline telephony is exorbitantly expensive for the majority of Bangladeshis, with connection charges as
high as $150 and the average wait for a connection ranging from 10-13 months.
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Sheba expects to increase its number of customers from the current one million to more than six million
by 2012. The project will expand access to telecommunications throughout the country, thereby
facilitating commerce in rural and urban areas. The national government will receive a 1 percent share of
the projects annual revenue in addition to $20 million annually in corporate and other taxes. Consumers
will benefit from better and cheaper cellular service. Shebas actions have prompted other operators to
improve their networks, and the increased competition has caused rates to fall by 25-30 percent. The
company also employs and trains 350 local staff and about 2,000 people through exclusive dealers of
Sheba service.
Gross exposure
Project type
$29.3 million
Non-SIP
MIGA issued a $29.3 million guarantee to cover Coastal Power Khulna, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary
of the Coastal Corporation of the United States, for its investment in the construction and operation of a
dual-fuel barge- mounted 110 MW power plant, located in Khulna. The plant will operate on heavy fuel
oil in the initial years of operation, and will be converted for gas use as soon as it becomes available in the
area. MIGA's guarantee covers the investment against the risks of transfer restriction, expropriation, and
war and civil disturbance.
The plant is designed to alleviate the severe power shortages in the Khulna and adjacent areas, identified
as industrial growth centers by the Government of Bangladesh, while improving the overall reliability of
the country's power supply. The facility will displace the generating capacity of the older, less efficient,
and high-cost plants in the region. The plant conforms to all applicable environmental standards.
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The plant will directly and positively affect the economy of the immediate region. It provides
employment to over 100 people from the surrounding areas and many of the jobs are technical and
managerial in nature. Significant numbers of jobs have been created at the fuel terminal, barges,
restaurants, transportation services, and other ancillary businesses created to serve the needs of the plant.
New industrial and commercial establishments are likely to open to take advantage of the stable and
reliable power, and existing establishments do not require back-up generators. In addition, the plant has
contributed significant funds toward social causes in the region.
Gross exposure
Project type
$9.0 million
Non-SIP
MIGA issued a $9 million guarantee to Socit Gnrale, S.A. of France for its investment in the
establishment and operation of a branch bank in Dhaka. MIGA's guarantee covers the investment against
the risks of expropriation, transfer restriction, and war and civil disturbance.
Socit Gnrale (Bangladesh) will concentrate on commercial, merchant, and investment banking
activities, and its clients will include private individuals, export companies, and multinational
corporations. The bank will employ about 60 local staff and provide on-the-job training in technical and
managerial skills, such as cash management, trade finance, management information systems, and foreign
exchange transactions. Technology for a new financial management system, designed by Socit
Gnrale for its overseas operations, will improve banking operations.
Gross exposure
Project type
$32.2 million
Non-SIP
In fiscal 1991 MIGA issued guarantees of $9.9 million each to support Marubeni Corporation and
Chiyoda Corporation, two Japanese equity investors in the Kamaphuli Fertilizer Company, Ltd.
(KAFCO) in Bangladesh. This $500 million fertilizer facility experienced delays in implementation that
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necessitated a restructuring of the complex project financing. As a result, both Marubeni and Chiyoda
increased their contributions to the project in fiscal 1992. MIGA issued $16.1 million of additional
coverage to each of these Japanese investors to cover their loans to the project.
respect rule of law. Make commitments that can be honored. Desist in consciously
misleading and involving in unacceptable practices.
provide quality products that are safe for their intended use.
discourage and work against all forms of corruption including extortion and bribery etc.
Environment
KAFCO shall work towards prevention of harm to the environment and continued improvement of
environment preservation. The guidelines given below shall help in the discharge of its responsibilities.
o
conserve energy & water, promote & encourage recycling and other waste recovery
initiatives.
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o
o
o
establish fair labor practices and respect for all workers & staff. Uphold freedom of
association and recognize the right to collective bargaining. Eliminate all forms of forced
and child labor.
use human resource with skills & experience matched against those required for the work
to be performed.
support and respect for internationally proclaimed human rights. Make sure not to be
complicit in human rights abuses.
maintain fair and competitive terms & conditions of employment. Provide opportunities
for training and development.
Community Relations
KAFCO supports empowerment which entails providing people with training, education and
opportunities to allow help themselves. This would help improve economic environment of the
community through creation of wealth & jobs, business opportunities and philanthropy. It therefore, is
obliged to:
o
promote and patronize actions/activities toward the cause of education, health, civic
amenities, poverty alleviation, environment preservation and social justice.
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support arts, culture, sports and institutions (schools, universities, think tanks, research
and cultural institutions) that enrich public and community life.
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Conclusion:
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution
which offers political risk insurance guarantees. Such guarantees help investors protect foreign
direct investments against political and non-commercial risks in developing countries. Political
risk insurance is a type of insurance that can be taken out by businesses, of any size, against
political riskthe risk that revolution or other political conditions will result in a loss. The
underwriting of political risk insurance is a dynamic, growing business. As globalization
increases, there are more corporations doing more business in more places around the world with
each passing year. Some of the changes occurring in the business are high growth, new product
offerings, and a greater role for private capital. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
(MIGA) facilitates the growth.
This institution provides a crucial role in providing credit in the form of higher risk loans, equity
positions and risk guarantee instruments to private sector investments in developing countries. It
helps companies implement investment plans and especially seek to engage in countries where
there is restricted access to domestic and foreign capital markets and provide risk mitigation that
enables investors to proceed with plans they might otherwise abandon.
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Bibliography
1. www.miga.org
2. www.trading economics.com
3. www.international economics.com
4. Bangladesh Bank website
5. www.worldbank.org
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