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a hand scraper, and testing and

Fitting Lathe Chucks scraping are continued until it is


found that the two surfaces make
continuous contact. Where this
precaution is neglected, there is
By “ Duplex ” always the possibility that the chuck
will later run out of truth when
wear has taken place at the contact
surfaces. Remember, too, that the
T 0 ensure that a chuck is accur-
ately fitted, the chuc back-
plate should always b f in allye
parallel portion of the mandrel nose,
k before starting to machine the
but
chuck seating, it is advisable to
mandrel nose must always be kept
clean and well oiled if wear is to
machined after it has been screwed make sure that the backplate makes be avoided, and chucks should
into place on the lathe mandrel. contact with the abutment face always be stood with the jaws
Chucks supplied and delivered with formed by the mandrel shoulder. downwards ,s o as to keep particles
the lathe by manufacturers of mach- Before making this check, however, of swarf from falling on to th back- e
ine tools can be relied on for accurate the threaded bore of the backplate plate threads.
fitting. However, the beginner may should be thoroughly cleaned with
find that he needs an extra chuck an old tooth brush dipped i paraffin, nMachining the Backplate
for some of his lathe work. in order to remove any particles of Reference to Fig. 2 will show that,
Where an additional chuck is swarf from the threads, as these when fitting a self-centring chuck,

;I:i.+
fitted to the lathe after delivery, then would prevent the backplate screw- the backplate is machined so that
either a backplate casting can be ing properly into place. the outer rim of its front face makes

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a
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Fig. 1. Correcting the abutment face Fig. 2. Method of mounting a self- Fig. 3. Turning a trial register on the
of the backplate centring chuck on a backplate backplate

bought and machined or, as the Next, the face of the abutment contact with the outer, bolting face
inexperienced worker may prefer, a shoulder on the mandrel is evenly on the chuck body, and the central
backplate already machined to fit smeared with a light coating of portion forms a register to engage
on to the mandrel nose can be marking paste, and the backplate is in the recess already turned in the
obtained from the makers of the screwed right home by giving it a chuck body. But this register must
lathe, and it then remains to carry final jerk forward. be kept well clear of the bottom of
out the much easier job of turning As shown in Fig. 1, the marking the chuck recess; otherwise, the
the backplate to fit into the back of may possibly be transferred to, a bolting faces would not meet and
the chuck. portion only of the backplate the backplate might be distorted
The machined backplate will be abutment face. Should this happen, when the attachment-screws were
found to fit accurately on the plain, the high-spot must be attacked with fully tightened.

MEASURE WITH JENNY SET Dl;lDERS E STEP ROUND


M tNTRE PUNCH

Fig. 4 . Marking-out the screw-hole centres on the backplate

274
-..- --___-_ -__ __

March I I, 1954

The first operation is to machine mounted in the lathe; for this


the backplate to the same outside purpose, the point of the tool is set
diameter as the chuck bodv. Al- to a mark scribed with the jenny
though an ample thickness of metal calipers at a measured distance from
is usually provided in the machined the periphery of the backplate. The
backplate, there may not be enough hole centres can now be set out by
to allow of a second attempt if an making use of a change wheel,
error is made when turning the secured to the lathe mandrel, for
register to size. It is, therefore, dividing the pitch circle into three.
advisable for those who have any The screw holes are next drilled
doubt in the matter to turn a narrow, well oversize to ensure that the screws
trial register to fit the chuck, as is do not bind and so keep the back- C=$+B
represented in Fig. 3 plate from seating evenly; l/64 in.
When the correct diameter has oversize will usually be found
been found, the remaining portion sufficient, but if there has been an
of the register is turned to form a error of working, it may be necessary
to draw over the holes with a round c&---
file. When mounting the finished
backplate, make sure that it and the
chuck are quite clean; then push
the chuck into place on the register
and tighten the screws a little at a Fig. 6. Using a stud for measuring
time to draw the parts evenly to- the screw-hole centres
gether.
Mounting Four-iaw Chucks of determining the distance between
As shown in-Fig. 5, small, inde- the hole centre and the periphery of
pendent four-jaw chucks are usually the backplate recess is that shown in
mounted on the type of backplate Fig. 6.
that bottoms against the floor of After a plain stud or a length of
the recess formed in the chuck threaded rod has been screwed into
body, and the periphery of the back- one of the holes, the necessary
Fig. 5. Showing a four-jaw chuck plate then serves as the register. measurements are easily made. The
mounting and the method of marking Moreover, when, as shown, the pitch circle and the screw-hole
the screw-hole centres attachment-screws are inserted from centres are then marked-out as in
the front face of the chuck, the the previous example, and the
centres for the screw holes can be drilled holes must, again, provide
close push-fit in the chuck body; spotted with a well-fitting drill after ample clearance for the attachment-
any ill-fitting part of the register the chuck has been mounted in screws.
is machined away, and the finished place. However? the attachment- When drilling a backplate from
register is made some 1/16 in. less in screws are sometnnes put in from the front, it should be supported
length than the depth of the chuck behind, and the corresponding pitch on two blocks of equal height, so
recess. circle will then have to be transferred that the boss is kept clear of the
from the chuck body. drilling table and there is no tendency
Fitting the Attachment-screws: Instead of making a rather difficult for the work to tip when the drilling
Self-centring chucks are usually direct measurement, a reliable way pressure is applied.
designed so that the attachment-
screws are inserted from the back,
and the centres of the screw holes
are, therefore, transferred from the
chuck to the backplate; unless, of
course, the chuck is dismantled to
TWIN SISTERS
expose the threaded holes passing (Continued from page 273)
through the back portion of the
body. Set the jenny calipers with That is the main outline, and as for help, tools and materials, than
one leg against the outside of the so defined, gives a picture and view his unfortunate predecessor who
chuck body and the scriber point to of the future that is very far from struggled away on his treadle lathe.
the centre of one of the screw holes. the impossible. Already, many of He has longer hours of leisure,
Next, as represented in Fig. 4A, the these features are common-place better lighting, better heating and
calipers are worked round the peri- amongst the true enthuiasts in premises, and everything except the
phery of the backplate to mark the the movement. What about the will to go ahead in a big way.
pitch circle on which the screw weeny injectors, ejectors, pressure You may not agree with the policy
centres lie. Make a centre punch gauges, sanding gear, brake gear of “ the search for perfection,” or
mark on the pitch circle, Fig. 4B, and all the. delightfully made com- have time for it yourself; but how
and then. with the dividers set as ponents that we see only too seldom? on earth can anyone condemn it as
nearly as’possible to the radius, by What about the rustless-steels, super useless, and a waste of time ? A
a process of trial and error step off free machining at that, the Do-it- small locomotive can be built to do
three equidistant points on the circle, at-home stoving enamels, the reason- a perfect job of work, and go on
as in Fig. 4C. ably priced, but still accurate tools doing it; so let us find a place for the
An alternative and quicker method and machines now available to most engine that has all this, and the looks
is- to scribe the pitch circle with a workers ? The small locomotive and realism to go with it.
pointed’tool while the work is still builder of today is far, far better off (To be continued)

275

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