MADHYA PRADESH WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT.
DESIGN SERIES TECHNICAL CIRCULAR NO.32
(Issued vide No. 219/Bodhi/R&C/TC/9/91 Dated; 23.09.91)
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR MINOR IRRIGATION SCHEMES.
ANNEXURE.
Accompaniment to Government Resolution Water Resources
Department No. UMS/13/CB/90/765 Dated 3.7.1991.
Design Criteria for planning, construction and opera-
tion of Minor Irrigation Schemes in Madhya Pradesh, to be
taken up in 1991-92 and thereafter. Detailed guidelines are
given in the technical series being issued separately.
\Bo
i. Design of Various Components:
All designs should comply with the standard engineering
design and cost estimates prepared as per the guidelines
given in the Technical Series being issued separataly.
2. Layout _of conveyance and distribution system:
Before deciding the layout of canal and distributing
system, detailed soil and topographical gurveys of the
command area (with contour interval of 0.20 m.} should be
conducted and the chak-planning including alignments of
field channels should be decided after consultation with the
beneficiaries.
3. Design:
Distribution system should be designed starting from
farm-gate and moving upward through the system to the main
canal. 4 cut operation of outlets:
Sufficient hydraulic head needs to be provided to
assure the design flow between outlets and water courses and
field channels. A minimum of 15 cm. head should be available
between the field channel and the highest point within the
commanded farmers, after considering the proposed land
leveling.
5. Chak Planning:
Delivery system should be capable of delivering a flow
of 0.5 lit/sec/ha at canal head and 0.45 lit/sec/ha at
outlet head. Chak size may be smaller where topography so
dictates.
6. Surface Drainage system:
Complete surface drainage for the command area should
be designed and provided in the estimate. The same should be
constructed in the entire C.C.A, to remove excess water
(with rainfall intensities of a 5 years recurrence interval)
rapidly enough to avoid crop damage.
7. Crop. Water Requirement:
It is seen that if water is released at the rate of
0.45 litres/sec/ha. at outlet head, for 10 weeks (70 days}
it is enough to mect the requirement of 60% of the area for
wheat. However with this available water, the farmer share-
holder is free to chose his own cropping pattern,
8. Measuring device
Water conveyance devices should be provided at the head
of the main canal, on each off-taking distributary/minor
water course as required to deliver measured flows among
beneficiaries 9. Escapes and C.D.
The conveyance system should be adequately protected by
providing cross-drainage works and catch water drains where
necessary.The Provision of escapes should also be made at
the end and at major off take points along the canal align-
ment.
10 Selective Lining:
When finalising the alignment, the characteristics of
the strata through which the canal (or distribution system)
passes would be available. On the basis of this data, selec~
tive lining should be provided at the estimation stage
itself. It will also ensure that when the system is in
operation water can reach the last farm-gate as per design.
Lining solely for maintaining the section will not be pro-
vided for. For water courses and field channels it is advis-
ible to line the 100% length of water courses and leave last
200 meters as unlined in case of field channels.
11. Operation of Distribution system:
The operation of distribution system is planned es ON
and OFF. The system should run at full supply . Before the
start of the rabi season an operation plan is prepared which
is prominently brought to the notice of all the concerned
departments and the farmer shareholders.
12. Performance Testing of the distribution system:
As goon as the distribution system is ready as planned,
performance tests should be performed by inflow-outflow
method by finding out the seepage loss and conveyance affi~
siency to compare with the values assumed during planning.
This feed back should be made use of while preparing, opera~
tion schedules of the scheme es also design of future schemes. The performance tests will show whether a distribu-
tary is capable of carrying the designed discharge. If not,
remedial measures will be taken well in time.
13. RWS
The system should be planned for rotational water
supply.
14. Underground Pipe Line System:
If the slope of the area is steeper than 1%, PVC under-
ground pipeline should be proposed and if the slope is
between 0.2% and 18, concrete underground pipeline should be
proposed for the distribution system. This has been tested
on pilot project in the USAID assisted MP MIP and is being
extensively used on other few schemes and chaks.
is. Farmer's Organization:
In response to the call of the National Water Policy
(1987) for farmer's participation in various aspects of the
management of irrigation systems and to the present thrust
of WRD to improve the 0 & M efficiency of current and future
MISs in MADHYA PRADESH. WRD adopts the policy of delegating
the responsibility of managing the O & M of Minor Irrigation
Schemes to duly organized and registered Water User's Asso-
ciations or Irrigation Cooperatives under such terms and
conditions beneficial to both WRD and the WUA.
16. Maintenance of the Minor ion Schemes:
Necessary steps should be taken for maintenance and
preventive maintenance of the distribution system till the
same is transferred to the heneficiaries. \ee
pb.
(P.V. Sreenivassaiah)
Engineer-In-Chief
Water Resources Department
Bhopal. MADHYA PRADESH WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT.
DESIGN SERIES TECHNICAL CIRCULAR NO.33
(Issued vide memo no.221/BODHI/R&C/TC/10/91/Dt.30/ 12/91)
SELECTION OF TYPE OF GATE
INTRODUCTION
A hydraulic gate {s a equipment used for
controlling the flow of water through any component of
the irrigation system. Generally it holds the water on
the upstream side though.some gates deal with a revers-
ible water flow in special cases.
2. TYPES OF GATE:-
2.1. According to purpose and location of gate:-
2.4.4 Spillway gates :- A gate used to regulate
flow over a spillway.
2.1.2 Sluice gate:- A gate which controls or regu-.
lates flow. through an opening where the upstream water
level is above the top of, the opening.
2.4.3 Draft tuba gate :- A gate used to permit
dewatering of the draft tubes for inspection and repair
of turbine parts and draft tubes and is placed over the
draft tube portal under-no-flow conditions, although
there may be considerable tail race turbulence at the
time,
2.1.4 Barrage gate :-These are a series of gates
across the river to regulate water surface level and
pattern of flow upstream. 2.4.5 ‘Pick-up-weir gate :- These are the gates
Provided on the pick-up weir.
2.1.6 Cross-regulator gate- :-A gate in an irriga-
tion channel for. the purpose of vaising the water
level.
2.4.7 Head Reguiator gate:- A gate provided at
the head of canal off-taking frem a river to regulate
the supplies entering the canal and. to control silt
entry into the canai.
2.4.8 Canal escape gate:-- The gate Provided in the
canal escape, to escape surplus or excess water from
the canal.
2.4.9 Penstock gate. :- The gate provided in the
penstock to regulate the flow of water to the turbine
in a hydro electric power house.
2.1.10 By pass tunne! gate :- During construction
of dam the river water is diverted through a tunnel and
the gate located in the tunnel to regulate the flow of
river water.
2.2 According to the shape of the Gate:-
2.2.4 Radial Gates :- A hinged gate, the leaf of
which Ie usually a circular are with the centre of
curvature at or very near the hinge or trunion.
2.2.2. Cylindrical gate :- A gate in the form of
a hollow cylinder placed in'a vertical shaft.
2.2.3 Drum gate:~ A movable crest gate in the
form of a sector of a circle hinged at the crest. the arc face effects a@ water seal with the edge of a recess
into which the gate may be lowered. The gate is raised
and held up by the pressure of water, admitted to the
recess from the head water. It is lowered by closing
the inlet port ‘to the recess and draining the water
from it. The top surface of the drum matches with the
curve of the spili-way.
2.2.4 Rectangular gate :- These are rectangular
in shape and hence called rectangular gates.
2.3 According to the mode of movement of the gate:-
2.3.1. Vertical lift gates :- A gate operating in
vertical grooves.
2.5.2 Gates rotating about a fixed trunion point
6.9. radial gates, drum gates etc.
2.3.3 Automatic gates :- A gate which functions
without external manual attendance.
2.4 According to water head acting on the gate
2.4.4 High head gates :- A gate which fs subjected
to a water head of 30 * or more above the gate sill.
2.4.2 Medium head gates :-~ & gate which is sub-
jected to a water head exceeding 15 m but less than 30
m. over Billi.
2.4.3 Low head gates :- A gate which is subjected
ho a water head upte and including 18 m above sill.
2.4.8 Differential water head gate :~ In this the
head of water is at different level acting on both the
sides of the gate. 2.5 According to the function of the gate
2.5.4 Service Gates :- A gate which operates under
unbalanced conditions at part-gate opening.
2.5.2 Emergency gate :~. A gate provided on the
upstream of a service or a regulating gate to shut off
the fiow under unbalanced head.
2.5.3 Stop-log gate :~ A log, plank, cut timber,
Steel or concrete beam fitting into end grooves between
walls or piers to close an opening under unbalanced
condition, usually handled or placed one at a time.
2.5.4 Constant level gates :-~A gate designed to
maintain automatically the upstream/down -stream water
surface at a predetermined constant level
3.0 SELECTION oF GATES :-
3.1 Spiliway crest gates selection :-
Many types of gates are in use for spilt!ways for which
vertical lift and radial gates are most popular in
modern practice.
Bhd Vertical lift gates:-
Vertical lift gates are generally used when it is
necessary to store a high shead of water behind gates
and where it is required to obtain large discharges in
narrow confines.It is also used in locations where the
tail water level is so high that the trunion pin for
the radial gate cannot be located conveniently. verti-
cal Iift gates will alsc be suitable for spillways when
the elevation of the fuii reservoir level is high above the sill level so that excessive long piers would be
required to be extended on the downstream at a suffi-
cient height in case of xadial gates. In radiai gates
the water load is taken by the piers as concentrated
tensile load at the. gate anchorages which may limit the
gate size, where as’ in vertical gates there is no such
limitation. Vertical lift gates can‘be erected speedi-
ly. .
3.1.2 Radiai Gates :- Among the various types of
gates for regulation of spillway, vadial gate is the
most economical and usually the most suitable type
because of its simplicity, Light weight and low hoist
capacity requirement. ‘his type of gate is thus becom-
ing popular for spillways in modern practice. The only
important requirement for this type of gate is that the
trunion shouid be located above the flood nape of the
spillway discharge to avoid contact with floating
debris etc.
ex, the trunions of the gate ehali be so
Fw
located that under conditions of maximum discharge over
the spillway barrage, these should preferably remain at
least 1.5 m clear of the water profile. With gatee
having the trunions on the upstream side, the trunions
have to remain submerged ir watec,but suitable precau-
tions should ba taken to prevent corrosion of the
trummion parts under such conditions. 3.1.3 Automatic Tilting Gate :- In case of an
ungated weir of dam where there is low head of water
the additional storage capacity between full reservoir
level and maximum water level can be between 20 to 60%
of the existing Live storage. By installing automatic
tilting gates this capacity can be usefully employed
without encroaching on the free board.
The principle on which the automatic tilting gate
function is that of common balance. Water pressure on
the gate itself is utilised to Provide the opening
moment while self weight of the gate Provides the
closing moment. The water pressure acts on one lever
arm while self weight of the gate acts on the other.
With a movable fulcrum between the centre of water
pressure and centre of gravity. The gate is manufac-
tured out of mild steel,supported on end girders and
carries horizontal and cross girders which in turn
supports the ekin plates. These types of gates. are
useful in. remote. places also.
3.2 Gates for reservoir out lets ;-
Vertical lift gates, either sliding or fixed wheel
type are extensively used in outlets.
The Selection of high head outlet gate mainly
depends upon the functional requirements.
3.22] Depending upon the functions they perform,
can be classified as :-
ciosed conduit gat
a) Regulating gates. b) Non-reguiating gates.
Regulating gates are those which are used for
regulation of flow at partial gate openings. Non
regulating gates are kept either In completely open or
closed position.
3.2.2 On the basis of disposition of seals and skin
plate, ciosed conduit gates can be of the following
types.
(a) Gates with upstream skin plate and down-stream
seals.
(b) Gates with upstream skin plate and upstream seals.
The former can be either of fixed wheel type or
slide type, where as the latter is of fixed wheel type.
In high earth dams where large discharges are
released through conduits or tunnels of exceptionally
large size, economies in the design warrant usage of
large vertical lift gates of rolling type in preference
to slide gates because of practical limitations in the
size of hoist.
the majority of high head gates capable of part
opening in closed conduits belong to vertical lift gate
of volling type. Since the rolling friction is low,
the hoisting capacity required is relatively small, and
as the gate is capable of lowering by its own weight,
rope drum or chain hoist can also be employed.
3.3 Selection of canal gates :- The control mecha-
nism provided to regulate the flow of water in canals
is by means of agate. The main functional aspect of the canal gates is of regulation of water flowing
through the canal
The main types of canal gates are :-
(1) Sliding type gates.
(ii) Fixed wheel type gates.
Tt ie found that vertical lift gates are more
suitable for the regulation of water in canals in
comparison to other types of gates. However Automatic
Radial Gate can also be used in canals.
For most of the canals where the head of water is
Guite low sliding type of vertical lift gates are used.
For high head canal gates fixed wheel type of vertical
gates are aiso used.
3.4 Selection of penstock gates :-
Penstock gates are generally vertical lift gates of
fixed wheel type.
For operation of penstock gate hydraulic hoist are
mainly used. In penstock gates the time required for
opening and closing the gate is kept minimum and ‘is
expected that gate will open and close in a very short
Period. This requirement of operation is only possible
with hydraulic’ hoists. Hydraulic hoist is also used
when a positive thrust is. required for closing of the
gate.
3.5 Selection of Draft tube gate :-
Draft tube gates are generally vertical lift gates
of sliding type with sealing arrangement on both sides of gate due to water head en upstream and dow strean
of the gate.
4.0 SELECTION OF TYPE OF HOIST
” Woiets are provided for operation of gates, which
are used to regulate flow from reservoirs for flood
control, Irrigation and power generation. If there are
‘a number of gates in a project, either travelling or
gantry cranes may be weed for their operation. while
this system is cheaper than provision of separate hoist
for each gate, the period required for the operation of
gates is greater. Hence quite often individual hoists
are provided. Different types of hoists are used for
operating gates depending upon the hoist capacity
required and the operating consideration . The follow-
ing are some of the types.
4.1 Screw lift hoist :- This type of hoist is used
when positive thrust is required to close the gate,
_ though efficiency of this hoist is low, there is over-
all economy because, it is more compact than other type
of hoists. Due to the preference to single point
suspension of the gate through the screw stem its
application is more in case of small gates or narrow
ones like sluice gates etc.
4.2 Rope drum hoist :~- This ‘is the most commonly used
type of hoist for spillway gates, because it enables a
wide gate being suspended at the two ends with common
driving unit at the centre or at one end. This type of
hoist is also used for sluice and penstock gates, when these are of self closing typa and when there is 10
vibration of ‘the gate. Since vibration of gate de-
creases the life of ropes considerably and-hence this
type is not suitable. Rope drum hoist can be manually
operated or electrically operated depending upon the
capacity of hoist and period taken for opening and
closing of the gate. Rope drum hoists are normally
used for spillway gates, sluice gates, emergency gates
ete.,
A.3 Hydraulic lwoists :- This type of hoist is
used for penstock gates whers the time requir
closing is kept a miniwum. ‘It is also used where
positive thrust is zequired for closing of the gate or
in the installations where vibration is experienced.
With this typ ist
» the oil in the cylinder acts
as a buffer and ns vibr
on.
4.4 Automatic hoists with float operations :This
type ef hoists are generally used for operation of
spillway and canal gates located in remote places.
Where the,opersting personnel are not always available
so that the water can be let down when the reservoir
level is above F.R.L.or the water level in canal is
above F.S.L. .
5.0 WEIGHT ESTIMATES OF GATES :- The following rela-
tions may be used to evaluate the weight of different
types of Gate in tonnes.
10 5.f
a)
to
where
VB?
Radial Gate :-
Wo = xpl+9_l-35
the value of K varies from 0.018 for small gates
0.031 ‘for big gates. The average value is 0.025
Wg = the weight of gate in tonne.
L = clear width of the gate opening in metre.
H = Height of gate from spillway crest to normal
water level on gate in m.
(i)
(b) Weight of embedded parts :~
10% of the weight of moving parts for low Head
gates.
(ii) 508 for high head gates, 35% being the average.
(c) Hoist capacity ;:~
It is 75 to 150% of the weight of the gate .
(a) Weight of the hoists :-
(i) Fixed type hoist
Wh = Kx(capacity of hoist in tonne), where
K = 0.184 to 0.37, average being 0.3
(14) Travelling type hoist ~
Wh = K x(capacity of hoist in tonne) 1°33
Where K = 0.116 to 0.218, average being 0.172.
5.2 Vertical fixed whee! gates :-
(a) Wo = xb tS q 1-75
K = a coefficient which varies from 0.017 to
0.043,
the mean value being 9.026. (b) Wt. Gf embedded parts
= 108 for small gates and 50% for big gates, 35%
being the average figure. A lift beam weighing 10
to 20 % of the gate weight is necessary for a travel-
ling hoist. ’
(c) Weight. in tonne of machinery and bed plates of
fixed hoists without counter weights.
W = K x capacity of hoist in tonne.
Where :- K = a constant having value of 0.23 for two
drum hoist and 0.069 for single drum hoist.
The weight and hoist capacity of both the vertical
and Radial type gates should be calculated before
selecting the type of gate.
6.0 HOIST CAPACITY OF GATE :-
6.1 The hoist capacity shall be determined by taking
into consideration the following forces which might be
required to be over come.
(a) Weight of the gate along with all its components.
(b) All frictional forces comprising of
6a) ‘Whee! friction
(2)Guide friction
(3)Seal friction and
(4)Pulley friction.
(c) Any hydro-dynamic load, like down pull
force/uplift etc. .
(d) Silt and ice load wherever en-countered
(e) Lifting beam, if used. .
~ 42 SOR
(£) Any other consideration specific to a particular.
site.
6.2 The worst combination of the above forces, dering
either lowering cycle or raising cycle, shall be co®-
sidered.
6.3 The hoist capacity thus arrived at shall be in-
creased by 20 percent to add for ‘the reserve hoist
capacity unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.
6.4 The gateshall bedestgned fer closing under its eva
weight (witheut any positive thrust to the same) and t=
achieve the same, the downward forces closing the gate
while lowering shall be at least 20 percent higher than
the frictional forces oppesing the downward motion.
The necessary closing/seating load shall be obtained
when the gate {s about to seat on the bottom seal. The
values of closing/seating load shail be greater than
those given below.
Type of Gate Minimum seating load.
Fixed wheel gates or radial 250 kg f/m length of ~
gates for spillway crest. gate.
High head sluice gates. 1000 kg f/m length of
gate.
6.5 The usual lifting speed for such hoist shall be 30
to- 70 om per minute. However, other. values may be
adopted depending upan the requirements.
LAN
(ALA. p-nade
chief cade \ ’ Engineer- In-Chief
BODHI, BHOPAL . W.R.D. BHOPAL
13 DETAILS OF SOWR BOTS WORTEY cATES
TASTALLATION OF M.P.STATE AMD INDIA
PROJECT STATE GATE WIDTH “GATE t. “BRSTONED Tepe oF RBMRKS
(y) (a) aE) ete
t 2 3 4 56 1 § $
1 Ravi stanar Sagarld.R.P) K.P. Spiliway 15 0 :
2 Sondar ~to- = do- 5 to :
3 Mahi erajct -to- = do- 5 0.5 :
4 Wohiai Piet-w-weir do - = do- 10,5 49 :
5 teatroject edo -do- 15 tts eatg
§ Kolar Project -do- + do 5 8g
1 Ban Sagar Project do- -do- thy 5.5315 59
€ Subta Project - ® - de> 16 65 6.705
$ dergi Project snd NG BS
40 Gopitrishas Sagar Project - g + doe @ 4m gt
AL Thawwar Project sdo- = do- 5 0671087
12 Upper Wainganga Project - do- -do- 15.24 18.67
13 Kaliasote Project do = do- ee T gy
44 Larpar Project dos do Ss
15 Gavaathadi Project - doy = do- 15 it :
16 Mew Rudri Barrage do? - do we = Vertical
1 Sitasar Project -do- -do- 4 4 : = do ~
18 Parry Project to-do 365 : + to -
1% Balali Project -do- -do- 23 dae ~ + to:
Mt Gandhi Sagar Project, = do- = do- 8.7 8538.59" ertieal fined
11 Masdeo Barrage do do 3 whee! type
12 figra Project do- -ao- - - : No.Dantal type &
. . * ‘Taya type
13. Stisailas Project AB = do- {8.288 16.764 16.768 Radial Gate
44 Lower Silera Project = AP. = do- 13.5 Lt. + do
15 Teoaghat Dae Maar = do 15. kas Lay do -
16 Kadsa Project Gejrat -do- 15.55 Te ~ do
1 thai Project -d- do-it att + to -
WB Rengali Project orriea -do- 15.5 kg - do
29 Opper Kolab Project ~do- = do- te tatty ~ da
30 Bhakea Daw Punjab -do- 5.08 oy
Kota Bae . Wsthan -do- 182° MeL > do -
3 Kota Barrage cdo- do-it ts aay >to:
33 Mahi Project cdo- = do- 8 tas tas + da -
3 Tava Project KP Slice 1.83 indy 46. Yertical fined
35 Bargi Project -do- = do- 2 Lea wheel: type
36 Riraked Dan orrisa -do- 4.66 6.2 a > do -
47 Salandi Daa cdo~ -do- 2a ons + do -
38 Dandakranya Project to- = do- 1 1.5 11.4 Vertical slide type
19° Tdduti Project Nerala -do- 4.0864 64 Vertical fined
40 Rana Pratap Sagar Dan R'sthan = do- 2.75 3.45 Ey wheel type
4 ana Pratap Sagar tan - do - Eeergency 3.44 48s 8 > do -
42 Kizam Sagar Project AP Sluice 4.8 62 hb = do +
43 Koyna dan Wrastra- do- 1.22 2.3L 4 Slide type gate
44 Jawahar Sagat’ Daa Wsthan Draft Tobe 5.8 1 ang > do -
45 Hana Pratap Sagar dan do- gate, 5.358 1 un -do- ELEVATION
CREST OF DAM
Daum Gare
A Tyricas RaDiAu GATS on ‘TAINTER Gare
Fight),
1s q rT In
ie
AUTOMATIC SILTING GX
16
1 - CROSS GIRDER
2 ~ LONGITUDINAL GIRDER
3 SKINPLATE ON BOTH SIDES
4. SPILLWAY CREST /
5S LINK AND ROLLER MECHANISM
FIGS ANCHORAGE:
onensie et) Levist
ENLARGED DETAIL ar ‘a!
seen, ‘Least stace
FIG?3 Demat Autaciuumene av V.
B-SIDE Seal pase
C- SIDE SEAL came
D~ SWE seat seat
E- SIDE SEAL inuaER)
ei sy
SECTION vy
Aeio0s Coase ab Husen-wurtcd. Capes
7 BRASS SCREW
SECTION 22
‘a
qt
i TI
=| -nove ron
a
e-cteaR word
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