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1 Votes
Why ASM?
What is ASM?
Comparison with other LVMs
Why ASM?
1. Databases are rapidly going in size i.e. dba need to manage thousand of datafiles. In order to
decrease the complicity
2. To Decrease the downtime.
3. Managing the database storage is becoming difficult.
What is ASM?
ASM is the storage management solution recommended by oracle in alternative to conventional volume
managers, file systems, and raw devices. ASM is a volume manager and a file system for Oracle
database files that supports single-instance Oracle Database and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle
RAC) configurations. Provide Storage management capabilities like striping as well as mirroring.
Comparison with other LVMs
Other LVM
Volume Group
Volume
ASM
Disk Group
ASM File
3 Votes
Control files
Datafiles, temporary datafiles, and datafile copies
SPFILEs
Allocation Units (AU):ASM introduces the concept of an allocation unit (AU), the smallest contiguous disk space allocated by
the ASM. The typical value for an AU is 1MB and is not user configurable. ASM does not allow physical
blocks to be split across allocation units.
Oracle ASM Instance Background Processes
There are at least two new background processes added for an ASM instance:
RBAL coordinates rebalance activity for disk groups
ORB0, ORB1 These perform the actual rebalance data extent movements.
Oracle ASM Disk Group Administration:
Disk groups are created using the CREATE DISKGROUP statement. This statement allows specification of
the level of redundancy:
NORMAL REDUNDANCY Two-way mirroring, requiring two failure groups.
HIGH REDUNDANCY Three-way mirroring, requiring three failure groups.
EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY No mirroring for disks that are already protected using hardware
mirroring or RAID.
Oracle ASM Functionality:
Striping
ASM stripes its files across all the disks that belong to a disk group. It remains unclear if it follows a
strict RAID 3 fashion of striping or a variant of RAID 3 that facilitates easy addition and removal of disks
to and from the disk group. Oracle Corporation recommends that all the disks that belong to a disk
group have the same size, in which case each disk gets the same number of extents. However, if a DBA
configures disks of different sizes, each disk might get a different number of extents based upon the
size of the disk. An allocation unit typically has a size of 1MB.
ASM stripes help make data more reliably available and more secure than in other Oracle storage
implementations.
Redundancy
One can configure ASM diskgroups to have no redundancy (external), two-way mirroring (normal), or
three-way mirroring (high). In the case of normal and high mirrors, good practice suggests having fail
groups that talk to different controllers for performance and fail-safe reasons.
In the case of external redundancy, ASM does not do any software mirroring, but only stripes its files
across all the disks that belong to the disk group that does external redundancy.
In the case of normal redundancy, ASM does two-way mirroring, meaning that ASM maintains two
copies of the data through software mirroring. When querying for mirror information, DBAs will see two
mirrors in this case.
In the case of high redundancy, ASM does three-way mirroring, maintaining three copies of the data
through software mirroring. When querying for mirror information, DBAs will see three mirrors in this
case.