Technical Proposal

for
OPERATOR X UMTS Project
-Radio Network Planning

August 20, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction......................................................................................................4
1.1 Objective .............................................................................................................4
1.2 Organization........................................................................................................4

2 UMTS Network Coverage Planning ................................................................7

2.1 Equipments Configurations ...............................................................................7

2.1.1 NodeB Configuration.................................................................................7

2.1.2 Site configuration: .....................................................................................8
2.1.3 R99 and HSPA Terminals ..........................................................................8
2.2 UMTS Coverage Planning ..................................................................................9

2.2.1 UMTS link budget assumption .................................................................9

2.2.2 UMTS link budget output ........................................................................11
1.

Uplink Radio Link Budget .........................................................................11

2.

Downlink Radio Link Budget ....................................................................12

2.2.3 UMTS coverage prediction......................................................................14

3 UMTS network capacity planning.................................................................16
3.1 Capacity requirement .......................................................................................16
3.2 Services and Traffic Model...............................................................................16
3.3 Activity Factors.................................................................................................18
3.4 Grade of Service ...............................................................................................18
3.5 SHO Overhead ..................................................................................................18
3.6 Cell Load Design...............................................................................................19
3.7 UMTS capacity calculation...............................................................................19

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 R99 and HSPA terminal specification .......................................................................................................8
Table 2-2 Propagation Model for UMTS coverage dimension ..................................................................................9
Table 2-3 Coverage probability for UMTS coverage dimension..............................................................................10
Table 2-4 Slow fading margin for UMTS coverage dimension................................................................................10
Table 2-5 Penetration loss for UMTS coverage dimension.....................................................................................11
Table 2-6 UMTS link budget with DBS...................................................................................................................13
Table 2-7 UMTS link budget with Macro NodeB.....................................................................................................14
Table 3-1 UMTS Traffic Model...............................................................................................................................17
Table 3-2 UMTS capacity dimension load assumption...........................................................................................19
Table 3-3 UMTS site capacity calculation...............................................................................................................19
Table 3-4 UMTS CE capacity dimension for site capacity ......................................................................................19

List of Figure
Figure 2-1 3900 series BTS application scenario.....................................................................................................7
Figure 2-2 UMTS RSCP prediction in Area 1.........................................................................................................15
Figure 2-3 UMTS HSDPA Mac rate prediction in Area 1........................................................................................15
Figure 2-4 UMTS Ec/Io prediction in Area 1...........................................................................................................16

1 Introduction
OPERATOR X plan to deploy a commercial 2G/3G network offering seamless high quality
mobile data and voice services across Area 1ia. It include 3G deployment, 2G swap, 2G
existing network upgrade, LTE planning. This document is mainly focus on the UMTS2100
deployment.
Hence, the scope of the following document will be:
l

The project is split in phases. The first phase for next fiscal year only considers 3G
deploy area which will include 2 parts: Area 1 and Area 2. It will give two options,
overlay 3G and SingleRAN.

The total 3G site number in phase1 should be around 500, and its only UMTS2100 to
cover Area 1 and coastal cities.

The total 3G site number in phase2 should be around 200, and its including UMTS900
for coverage expansion, but this is exclusively for the existing vendors.

Huawei performs the preliminary radio network planning based on its commercial and trial
experiences worldwide. In this document Huawei shall specify the dimensioning rules for
BTS/Node-B with clear definition between coverage and capacity dimensioning.
Coverage evaluation will include all details regarding the link budgets and cell ranges
considering different services and radio environments.
Capacity dimensioning will include offered radio services, channel elements, number of
carriers and carrier capacity.

1.1 Objective
The objective of this planning effort is to generate the GSM/UMTS detail design by
conducting dimensioning and coverage predictions for OPERATOR X forthcoming UMTS
network deployment in main cities of whole country. The major coverage and capacity
objectives are to:
l UMTS network in phase1 cover Area 1 and Area 2
l The capacity of the network in phase1 will reach 700,000 subscribers, and more than
1,100,000 subscribers can be supported in phase2.

1.2 Organization
This document is organized into five chapters.
l Chapter 1 is the introduction.

l Chapter 2 presents the UMTS coverage planning results

l Chapter 3 presents the UMTS network capacity dimension and predication
l Chapter 4 summary

UMTS Network Coverage Planning

2.1 Equipments Configurations

2.1.1 NodeB Configuration
3900 series NodeB is applied in network design, various forms of Huawei 3900 series
NodeB products allow network deployment in different application scenarios, thus providing
a perfect whole-network solution for operators. The Huawei 3900 series NodeBs consist of
the indoor macro NodeB (BTS3900), outdoor macro NodeB (BTS3900A), distributed
NodeB (DBS3900), and mini NodeB (BTS3900C). The BTS3900 applies to indoor
scenarios where population density is high, traffic is large, lease expense of equipment
rooms is high, and space is limited. The BTS3900A applies to outdoor scenarios in urban,
suburb, and rural areas where large-capacity coverage is required. The DBS3900 applies
to outdoor scenarios where wide coverage is required and site construction is difficult. The
BTS3900C applies to indoor scenarios and hotspot areas. Below figure shows the
application scenarios of the 3900 series NodeBs.

Figure 2-1 3900 series BTS application scenario

DBS3804 is recommended for the UMTS new site, the product specification is showed as
below table
RRU3804 module

Power Supply

Width
(mm)

Depth
(mm)

Height
(mm)

Weight
(Kg)

RRU3804 module

Power Supply

Width
(mm)

Depth
(mm)

Height
(mm)

Weight
(Kg)

48 V DC

280

155

488

15 kg

Number of Carriers

Output Power per Carrier at the Antenna Port

Single carrier

60W

Two carriers

30W

Three carriers

20W

Four carriers

15W

2.1.2 Site configuration:

S111/S222 and S222 configurations are taken into account in the radio network design.
Antenna height is typically around 20 meters in dense urban, urban and sub urban
scenarios, around 45 meters used for Rural and Highway.
Morphology

Dense Urban

Urban

Suburban

Rural/Highway

BS Antenna Height

20m

20m

20m

45m

20m

20m

45m

note

Cable length

20m

Cable type

7/8

UE Antenna Height

1.5m

UE TX Power

24dBm for VP and 21dBm for AMR

Body Loss

3dB (Voice 12.2k Only)

Cable Loss for DBS

0.5dB

Antenna Gain (Node B)

1900/2100MHz

18dBi

Note: 20m cable length is configured considering most of dense urban and urban sites are
rooftop sites.

2.1.3 R99 and HSPA Terminals

The following table presents the performance for R99 and HSPA terminals, which will be
used in the radio network design.

Table 2-1 R99 and HSPA terminal specification

R99 and HSPA
Terminals

Performance requirements

AMR12.2k

Maximum transmitted power 24dBm

Noise figure 7dB

Video Telephony

Maximum transmitted power 24dBm

Noise figure 7dB

R99 Packet terminals

Maximum transmitted power 24dBm

Noise figure 7dB

HSDPA

CAT 8

HSUPA

CAT 6

Antenna Gain

0 dB

Body Loss

0dB for packet data

3dB for voice

2.2 UMTS Coverage Planning

2.2.1 UMTS link budget assumption
1) Propagation Model
COST231-HATA is used in the radio network planning.
According to OPERATOR Xs requirements, COST231-Hata based model with default
parameters for the urban case shall be used in the radio network design. And for Dense
Urban at least 3dB shall be added to the calculated path loss. For the Suburban case at
least 3dB shall be subtracted to the calculated path loss.
The Cm values for COST231-HATA model in all the scenarios are shown in the table
below.

Table 2-2 Propagation Model for UMTS coverage dimension

Environment

Propagation Model

Cm Value

Dense Urban

COST231-HATA

3.0 dB

Urban

COST231-HATA

0.0 dB

Suburban

COST231-HATA

-3.0 dB

Rural/Highway

COST231-HATA

-8.0 dB

Note: Cm means the correction factor of morphology.

For Urban case the default parameter is adopted with Cm=0, which is clearly defined in
3GPP. Below list all the definitions for COST231-HATA from 3GPP TR 03.30.
Frequency
Base station height
Mobile height

f:

1500- 2000 MHz

Hb:

30 - 200 m

Hm: 1 - 10 m

Distance

d:

1 - 20 km

Large and small cells (i.e. base station antenna heights above roof-top levels of buildings
adjacent to the base station).
Urban areas (for rural areas the correction factors given in subparagraph 1.3 and 1.4 can
be used up to 2000 MHz).
Lu (dB)=46.3 + 33.9*log(f) - 13.82*log(Hb) - a(Hm) + [44.9 - 6.55*log(Hb)]*log(d) + Cm
With:
a(Hm) = [1.1*log(f) - 0.7]*Hm - [1.56*log(f) - 0.8]
Cm = 0 dB for medium sized city and suburban centers with moderate tree density
Cm = 3 dB for metropolitan centers

2) Area Coverage Probability

Continuous services and corresponding area coverage probabilities in each scenario are
recommended, as shown in the table below.

Table 2-3 Coverage probability for UMTS coverage dimension

Environment

Continuous
Service

Indoor Coverage

Area Coverage
Probability

Dense Urban

CS64kbps

Indoor

95%

Urban

CS64kbps

Indoor

95%

Suburban

CS64kbps

Indoor

95%

Rural/Highway

AMR12.2Kbps

Indoor

90%

3) Slow Fading Margin

In the following table the log-normal standard deviations for outdoor and indoor are listed
respectively. The outdoor log-normal standard deviation is required to be 8 dB according to
OPERATOR Xs requirement:

Table 2-4 Slow fading margin for UMTS coverage dimension

Environment

Log-Normal Standard
Deviation (outdoor)

Log-Normal Standard
Deviation (indoor)

Dense Urban

10

11.7

Urban

9.4

Suburban

7.2

Rural/Highway

4) Building Penetration Loss

Building penetration loss is assumed to be 20 dB in dense urban and 16dB in urban
scenarios, 12 dB in suburban and 8dB in Rural/Highway, as shown in the following table.

Table 2-5 Penetration loss for UMTS coverage dimension

Environment

Building Penetration Loss

Dense Urban

20 dB

Urban

16 dB

Suburban

12 dB

Rural/Highway

8dB

It is strongly recommended that it is better to deploy indoor coverage system for the
buildings whose penetration loss is larger than the designed penetration loss as shown in
the above table.

2.2.2 UMTS link budget output

1. Uplink Radio Link Budget
For Uplink Radio Link Budget, the formula for path loss is:
Max Allowed Path loss
= EIRP - Minimum Required Signal Strength Fading Margin + Soft Handover
Gain - Penetration Loss
Where:

UE EIRP (dBm)
= UE Tx Power (dBm) - Body Loss (dB) + Gain of UE Tx Antenna (dBi)

Minimum Required Signal Strength

= Sensitivity of Node B Receiver (dBm) - Antenna Gain+ Interference Margin
(dB) + Fast Fading Margin (dB)- SHO Gain over Fast Fading (dB)+ Noise
figure(dB)

Sensitivity of Node B Receiver (dBm)

=-174(dBm/Hz) + NF(dB)
10lg[3.84MHz/Rb(kHz)]

10lg(3.84MHz/1Hz)

Eb/No(dB)

= -174(dBm/Hz) + NF(dB) + 10lg[1000*Rb(kHz)] + Eb/No (dB)

2.

Downlink Radio Link Budget

For Downlink Radio Link Budget, the formula for path loss is:

Max Allowed Path loss

= EIRP - Minimum Required Signal Strength Fading Margin + Soft Handover Gain Penetration Loss

Where:

Node B EIRP (dBm) = BS Tx Power (dBm) Cable Loss + Gain of BS Tx Antenna

(dBi)

Minimum Required Signal Strength

= Sensitivity of UE Receiver (dBm) - Antenna Gain+ Interference Margin (dB) + Fast
Fading Margin (dB) - SHO Gain over Fast Fading (dB) + Body Loss (dB)

Sensitivity of UE Receiver (dBm)

= -174(dBm/Hz) + NF(dB) + 10lg(3.84MHz/1Hz) + Eb/No(dB) - 10lg[3.84MHz/Rb(kHz)]
= -174(dBm/Hz) + NF(dB) + 10lg[1000*Rb(kHz)] + Eb/No (dB)

UMTS link budget is studied in dense urban/urban/suburban with CS64K service, and in
Rural/Highway with AMR12.2k service.
Service

Dimension scenario

Site

Cable length

AMR12.2

Dense urban/urban/suburban/Rural

Macro

20

AMR12.2

Dense urban/urban/suburban/Rural

DBS

CS64K

Dense urban/urban/suburban

Macro

20

CS64K

Dense urban/urban/suburban

DBS

1) UMTS link budget with DBS

Scenario
Parameter

Dense urban
UL

DL

Urban
UL

Sub urban
DL

UL

DL

Rural/Highway
UL

DL

Sector Type

3 Sector

3 Sector

3 Sector

3 Sector

TMA Used

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

Environment

Indoor

Indoor

Indoor

Indoor

TU3

TU50

RA120

RA120

Coverage Channel Model

Continuous Coverage Service
Bearer Type
Service Rate (kbit/s)
SHO Support

UL CS
64

DL CS
64
CS

UL CS
64

DL CS
64
CS

UL CS
64

DL CS
64
CS

UL AMR
12.2

DL AMR
12.2
AMR

64

64

64

12.2

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

Max. TCH Tx Power (dBm)

24

36

24

36

24

36

21

33

Tx Antenna Gain (dBi)

18

18

18

18

Tx Cable Loss (dB)

0.5

0.5

0.5

Tx Body Loss (dB)

Backoff Power (dB)

0.5
-

EIRP (dBm)

24

53.5

24

53.5

24

53.5

18

50.5

Rx Antenna Gain (dBi)

18

18

18

18

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

Rx Cable Loss (dB)

Rx Body Loss (dB)

Rx Noise Figure (dB)

Rx Required Eb/No (Ec/No)
(dB)

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.57

6.3

3.25

6.3

2.54

6.8

3.95

8.3

-121.27

-112.64

-120.59

-112.64

-121.3

-112.14

-127.09

-117.84

0.5

0.9

0.5

0.9

0.5

0.9

0.5

0.75

Interference Margin (dB)

3.01

5.22

3.01

5.22

3.01

6.66

3.01

1.88

Fast Fading Margin (dB)

1.8

Receiver Sensitivity (dBm)

Target Load

Combining Gain (dB)

Min. Signal Reception
Strength (dBm)

-134.46

-107.43

-135.58

-107.43

-136.29

-105.48

-142.08

-112.96

20

20

16

16

12

12

Slow Fading Standard

Deviation (dB)

11.7

11.7

9.4

9.4

7.2

7.2

Area Coverage Probability

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.9

0.9

Indoor Penetration Loss (dB)

Slow Fading Margin (dB)

Path Loss (dB)

8.1

8.1

5.92

5.92

3.9

3.9

0.71

0.71

130.35

132.82

137.66

139

144.39

143.08

151.36

154.75

Propagation Model
UE/NodeB Antenna Height
(m)

Cost231-Hata
1.5

20

1.5

20

1.5

20

1.5

45

Frequency (MHz)

1950

2140

1950

2140

1950

2140

1950

2140

Cell Radius (km)

0.45

0.49

0.87

0.87

2.22

1.87

8.36

9.58

Link Budget Cell Radius (km)

Cost231-Hata

0.45

Cost231-Hata

0.87

Cost231-Hata

1.87

8.36

Table 2-6 UMTS link budget with DBS

2) UMTS link budget with Macro NodeB
Scenario
Parameter
Sector Type

Dense urban
UL

Urban

DL

UL

3 Sector

Sub urban
DL

UL

3 Sector

Rural/Highway

DL

UL

3 Sector

DL
3 Sector

TMA Used

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

Environment

Indoor

Indoor

Indoor

Indoor

Coverage Channel Model

Continuous Coverage Service

TU3
UL CS
64

TU50

DL CS
64

UL CS
64

RA120

DL CS
64

UL CS
64

RA120

DL CS
64

UL AMR
12.2

DL AMR
12.2

Bearer Type

CS

CS

CS

AMR

Service Rate (kbit/s)

64

64

64

12.2

SHO Support
Max. TCH Tx Power (dBm)
Tx Antenna Gain (dBi)

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

24

36

24

36

24

36

21

33

18

18

18

18

Tx Cable Loss (dB)

Tx Body Loss (dB)

Backoff Power (dB)

EIRP (dBm)
Rx Antenna Gain (dBi)
Rx Cable Loss (dB)
Rx Body Loss (dB)

2.36

24

51.64

18
1.86
-

Rx Noise Figure (dB)

Rx Required Eb/No (Ec/No)
(dB)

2.36

24

51.64

18

1.86

2.36

24

51.64

18

1.86

3.93
-

18

47.07

18

3.43

2.66

2.66

2.66

2.56

2.57

6.3

3.25

6.3

2.54

6.8

3.95

8.3

-120.71

-112.64

-120.03

-112.64

-120.74

-112.14

-126.63

-117.84

0.5

0.9

0.5

0.9

0.5

0.9

0.5

0.75

Interference Margin (dB)

3.01

5.22

3.01

5.22

3.01

6.66

3.01

1.88

Fast Fading Margin (dB)

1.8

Receiver Sensitivity (dBm)

Target Load

Combining Gain (dB)

Min. Signal Reception
Strength (dBm)
Indoor Penetration Loss (dB)

-133.9

-107.43

-135.02

-107.43

-135.73

-105.48

-141.62

-112.96

16

16

12

12

20

20

Slow Fading Standard

Deviation (dB)

11.7

11.7

9.4

9.4

7.2

7.2

Area Coverage Probability

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.9

0.9

Slow Fading Margin (dB)

8.1

8.1

5.92

5.92

3.9

3.9

0.71

0.71

Path Loss (dB)

129.8

130.96

137.1

137.14

143.83

141.22

150.9

151.32

Propagation Model
UE/NodeB Antenna Height
(m)

Cost231-Hata
1.5

20

1.5

20

1.5

20

1.5

45

Frequency (MHz)

1950

2140

1950

2140

1950

2140

1950

2140

Cell Radius (km)

0.44

0.43

0.84

0.77

2.14

1.66

8.1

7.6

Link Budget Cell Radius (km)

Cost231-Hata

0.43

Cost231-Hata

0.77

Cost231-Hata

1.66

7.6

Table 2-7 UMTS link budget with Macro NodeB

2.2.3 UMTS coverage prediction

Base on the UMTS link budget, the UMTS site selection is done to cover Area 1 and Area 2.
The coverage prediction about Area 1 is showed as below:
UMTS coverage Predication (Outdoor)
1) Area 1

Figure 2-2 UMTS RSCP prediction in Area 1

Figure 2-3 UMTS HSDPA Mac rate prediction in Area 1

Figure 2-4 UMTS Ec/Io prediction in Area 1

2) Area 2
Area 2 simulation results are showed in Appendix 1.

3 UMTS network capacity planning

3.1 Capacity requirement
UMTS network will be deployed in Area 1 and Area 2 in beginning phase with UMTS2100
frequency band. The capacity requirement from OPERATOR X is
3G subscriber number

2010

2011

Area 1

420 000

700 000

Area 2

280 000

450 000

The capacity will be increased by 10% after 2011. 20% capacity margin should be
considered during the capacity planning.

3.2 Services and Traffic Model

HSDPA is introduced in initial phase; the service profile is required by OPERATOR X:

The assumption for UL/DL throughput ratio, HSPA traffic ratio is provided by OPERATOR
X too:

The voice services traffic is 25mErl as showed above.

The traffic model for dimension is calculated by above information:

Table 3-1 UMTS Traffic Model

Bearers

Traffic Model in Busy Hour of UMTS

Uplink
Downlink

AMR12.2k

0.025 Erlang

0.025 Erlang

PS64k/64k
PS64k/128k
PS64k/384k

130kbit
0 kbit
0kbit

0kbit
200kbit
200kbit

HSUPA/HSDPA

526 kbit

1580 kbit

For 3G services, the QoS can be expressed in terms of BLER, i.e. Block Error Rate.

The typical BLER for all the services are listed in the following table.
Bearers

BLER

AMR 12.2kbps

1%

CS Data

0.1%

R99 Packet Switched

5%

HSDPA

10%

Remark
It should be noted that all of these
values are typical ones which are
based on Huawei commercial
experience.
All of these typical BLER values for all
the services can be optimized and
configured during radio network
optimization.

3.3 Activity Factors

Activity factor for voice is taken as 67% both in uplink and downlink. The value is a typical
one used in the radio network dimensioning.
For Video Telephony, the activity factor is 100% both in uplink and downlink, considering the
characteristics of video.

3.4 Grade of Service

Generally, Huawei employs the following grade of service for R99 voice, video telephony,
Packet data, HSDPA, and HSUPA, in the radio network design:
(1) Voice: 2%,
(2) Video Telephony: 2%,
(3) R99 PS: Best Effort,
It should be noted, for Iub bandwidth dimensioning, the bandwidth will be much higher if all
the Packet Services are required the same GoS as Circuit Services.
Huawei NodeB and RNC have already integrated the flow control for the Packet services,
supporting a very intelligent control of the throughput in the Iub interface, and providing
guaranteed data rate for the important subscribers in the network.

3.5 SHO Overhead

Soft handover overhead for speech, video telephony and R99 packet data is taken into
account in network dimensioning including capacity dimensioning, Channel Elements
dimensioning, and Iub bandwidth dimensioning.
Typically the value for soft handover overhead can be around 30%~40%. During the radio
network design, 30% is taken as the soft handover overhead.
It should be noted that softer handover overhead does not consume additional channel
elements and does not occupy additional Iub bandwidth.

3.6 Cell Load Design

Cell load factor dominate the coverage area and capacity. Low cell loading factor will
increase the cell coverage area, however decrease the supported capacity. In contrast,
high cell loading will increase the supported capacity but decrease the coverage area. It is
recommended that set the uplink load factor to be 50% across all the clutter type. For
downlink load factor, Huawei will use loading 75% for the design.

Table 3-2 UMTS capacity dimension load assumption

Parameters
Environment
Target UL Cell load
Target DL Cell load
Transmit Power of NodeB

Dense
Urban
Indoor
50%
90%
20W

Urban

Suburban

Rural

Indoor
50%
90%
20W

Indoor
50%
90%
20W

Indoor
50%
90%
20W

3.7 UMTS capacity calculation

GSM traffic of existing network is an important reference for UMTS network capacity
dimension. GSM traffic statistic of Area 1 is showed as below table; it includes GSM900
and DCS1800 bi-band layer and playpen is planned based on the coverage planning.
traffic
scenario
site number
statistic(Erl)
proportion
dense urban
100
10344.75894
35%
urban
199
16202.2745
55%
suburban
39
2971.2876
10%
The subscriber for each site can be calculated based on the total network total capacity
and proportion above:

Table 3-3 UMTS site capacity calculation

scenario

site number

site capacity
for 2010

site capacity for

2011

dense urban

92

1598

2663

urban

163

1417

2362

suburban

25

1680

2800

The cell load would not exceed target cell load even in 2011 for suburban, single carrier
configuration for all sites can meet the requirement of capacity.
Based on the traffic model and capacity dimension, the CE consume for each sites can be
calculated as below table:

Table 3-4 UMTS CE capacity dimension for site capacity

scenario
dense urban

site number
92

UL/DL CE for
site of 2010
73/66

UL/DL CE for
site of 2011
116/104

urban

163

65/60

103/93

suburban

25

74/70

122/109