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Game Rules
About the game
The online competition is a turn-based strategic game aiming to imitate reality as much as possible,
however, it contains several simplifications to make the game easier to understand and more
entertaining to play.
Game concept
You are the managers of a well-established oil company with a diversified upstream and downstream
portfolio continuously seeking new upstream opportunities to replace the reserves and the production,
as well as to improve the efficiency of your refineries. The Game Management decided your only task
is to manage the refinery part of the game in 2015. Your aim is to prove that you are the best
managers by maximizing the cash generation of your company to create value added by downstream
operations.
You are not allowed to make decisions on the upstream part, but the game provides deeper insight
into fields where production is operating.
You start the downstream game with 5500 million F$ (Freshhh Dollar) of cash at hand.
Timing
Contestants are going to play for 10 turns. 1 turn in the game means 24 (same as in the Test Rounds)
hours in the real world, so in every 24 hours, there is going to be a turn change.
The actual rounds results, financial accounting and the effects of decision-making are only shown
when a turn change occurs.
Financing
You have a revolving credit of 5000 million F$ total at 10% interest rate. You can use this credit facility
to finance 60% of your investments. If you exceed the 60% limit on any of your investments, the
penalty interest will be 30%.
/NOTE! Every screenshots and figures in the Game Rules are only samples. Actual view is always in the
online game only./
THE REFINERY
Game concept
A regional company sold its refinery construction. Your company bought it and it is your task to make it
as profitable as possible.
Gasoline and diesel product lines have already been built. The refinery will be operable from the
beginning.
By clicking on each unit on the wide 3D view, you can take a look at a closer 360 panorama view with
a short description.
The company will be able to convert the products into money at market prices.
During the game, you have to make several decisions to operate and expand your refinery in an
optimal way. The goal is to achieve maximum amount of money at the end of the defined period. The
aim of the programmers was to create a game as realistic as possible, but it still contains several
simplifications to make the game easier to understand and more entertaining to play.
from 2015
from 2017
from 2019
from 2021
HDS-MHC
available
available
available
available
HDS-MHC Revamp
not available
available
available
available
DCU
not available
not available
available
available
HPP
available
available
available
available
FCC
avaiable
avaiable
avaiable
avaiable
Claus Unit
available
available
available
available
BBU
not available
not available
available
available
You can reach the Construction panel by clicking on Development. You can make decisions about the
necessary developments here.
Utilities
Fuel: the energy consumed in the process to heat up the materials to the required temperature. Some
units produce fuel gas but that is not sufficient for the refinery. Excess fuel is bought from the market
as natural gas. Natural gas is also the feed of the Hydrogen Plant. The heating value is the same for
the produced fuel gas from all refinery units and the natural gas: 50 GJ/t. If more fuel is produced in
the refinery units than consumed, the excess fuel gas is burnt on the refinery flares.
Electricity: mainly intended to propel the pumps and move the feed and products, but used also for
light and for supplying control systems.
Cooling water: used in cooling processes for condensation and temperature control.
Steam: used for technological processes, heating and stripping. Some units produce more steam than
the necessary amount for operation. It is indicated with a negative value in steam consumption. If a
unit produces steam, the excess steam is redirected to other units for usage, but it can not be sold on
the market. If the amount of produced steam is not sufficient, the necessary amount is bought from the
market.
Hydrogen: Hydrogen is used in hydrotreater and isomerisation units. The price of the hydrogen varies
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in time. Hydrogen can be produced or bought from the market. In the first part of the game external
hydrogen is purchased for 5000 F$/t, but starting from 2018 the hydrogen price increases dramatically
to 20000 F$/t (due to the availability from a different supplier). In case of more hydrogen is produced in
Reformer Unit than needed for refinery processes, the excess of hydrogen is burnt on the refinery
flares.
Catalyst: As a simplification, catalyst expenses are calculated as utility, except the HDS/MHC unit, in
which it is your task to change the catalyst every two years. Catalyst price is specified for each unit.
UTILITY (UOM)
Price
Fuel (F$/GJ)
12.4
Electricity (F$/MWh)
106
112
Steam (F$/GJ)
10.4
Utility prices
For all refinery units utilities are calculated proportional to the feed. Consumed hydrogen is not
calculated in the feed, but it appears in the product. That is why hydrogen consuming units have an
overall yield over 100%.
Crude properties
API gravity ()
31.32
12
For the conversion from barrels to tons the following equation is used:
Barrels of crude oil per metric ton =
Product
Fuelgas
0.02
LPG
1.16
For sale
Light naphtha
2.92
Medium naphtha
6.52
Heavy naphtha
7.30
Kerosene
7.60
For sale
14.53
7.30
7.81
26.04
Slop wax
3.00
Vacuum residue
15.30
Losses
0.50
Products of the Crude Distillation Unit
8
OPEX
Utility (UOM)
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
650
Electricity (MWh/kt)
7.36
3.3
Steam (GJ/kt)
-23
Product
Fuelgas
0.80
LPG
3.00
For sale
Light Naphtha
96.13
H2S
0.07
Losses
0.20
Products of the Light Naphtha Hydrotreater
OPEX
Utility (UOM)
Fuel (GJ/kt)
Consumption
500
Electricity (MWh/kt)
12
Catalyst (F$/kt)
250
0.2
Fuelgas
0.40
Heavy Naphtha
99.55
H2S
0.15
Losses
0.20
Products of the Heavy Naphtha Hydrotreater
OPEX
Utility (UOM)
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
300
Electricity (MWh/kt)
Catalyst (F$/kt)
200
0.3
2.9
Isomerate
83.00
Residue
15.00
Losses
0.10
10
OPEX
Utility (UOM)
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
3000
Electricity (MWh/kt)
40
25
Catalyst (F$/kt)
500
CCR Reformer
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas, typically having
low octane ratings, into high-octane liquid products called reformates which are components of highoctane motor gasoline. Basically, the process re-arranges or re-structures the hydrocarbon molecules
in the naphtha feedstock into aromatic components as well as breaking some of the molecules into
smaller molecules. The overall effect is that the product reformate contains hydrocarbons with more
complex molecular shapes having higher octane values than the hydrocarbons in the naphtha
feedstock. In so doing, the process separates hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbon molecules and
produces very significant amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas for use in a number of the other
processes involved in a modern petroleum refinery.
Product
Fuelgas
4.30
LPG
4.40
For sale
Reformate
88.00
Hydrogen
3.10
Losses
0.20
Products of the CCR Reformer
OPEX
Utility (UOM)
Fuel (GJ/kt)
Consumption
3000
Electricity (MWh/kt)
95
14
Catalyst (F$/kt)
500
11
Gasoil Hydrotreater
Sulphur content of diesel is also regulated very strictly. To produce marketable diesel fuel, a gasoil
hydrotreater is necessary to remove sulphur content.
Product Yield (wt%)Product destination
Fuelgas
1.0
LPG
0.5
For sale
Naphtha
3.7
Diesel
94.45
H2S
0.9
Losses
0.2
For sale
Burnt or to Claus Unit
OPEX
Utility (UOM)
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
300
Electricity (MWh/kt)
15
Catalyst (F$/kt)
300
0.75
12
The aim of an HDS Unit is to pretreat the feed of the FCC Unit. It is similar to hydrotreating, but
operates on higher pressure and temperature. With the proper selection of HDS/MHC catalyst
moderate flexibility can be achieved in the refinerys product slate.
Two catalyst packages are available to choose from:
HDS catalyst: Removes significant amount of sulphur with low hydrocarbon conversion.
HDS/MHC catalyst: Removes significant amount of sulphur and converts a larger amount of heavy
components into more valuable light hydrocarbons, mainly gasoil.
Building the HDS unit: each team must set capacities before building the HDS unit! After the capacities
are set in the header of the panel by clicking on the appropriate one, HDS can be built, otherwise the
game does not allow the plant to be constructed.
HDS-MHC Unit is built along with the FCC Unit!!
13
(wt%)
(wt%)
Fuelgas
0.5
0.7
LPG
0.4
0.6
For sale
Naphtha
1.5
5.4
HDS Gasoil
12.3
21.0
84.0
71.2
H2S
1.7
1.7
Losses
0.6
0.6
Product
HDS
Raffinate
Product destination
Utility (UOM)
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
300
Electricity (MWh/kt)
36
4.5
Steam (GJ/kt)
250
3.6
6
1.0 (1.2 in MHC mode)
14
*Both catalyst types' lifetime is 2 years, after this period the catalyst has to be changed, otherwise the
unit stops operating. Catalysts have to be ordered a year prior to the change! The construction cost of
the newly built HDS/MHC unit involves a HDS catalyst, by which the unit can start its operation in the
first 2 years. You do not have to wait 2 years if you would like to change the catalyst, you can do that
each year but of course ordering has to be done one year prior to change too.
If there is no purchase, the operation of the unit will stop next year.
15
CAPEX (MMF$)
2000
200
2600
230
3300
270
60
80
140
Construction time:
2 years
Cost distribution:
1st year:
60%
2nd year
40%
Revamp of HDS/MHC unit takes one year, revamp cost is fully charged in the year of ordering.
16
Fuelgas
3.8
Propylene
4.5
For sale
LPG
16.4
For sale
FCC Gasoline
50.3
LCO
12.7
HCO
3.0
MCB
4.5
Losses
4.8
Products of the FCC Unit
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
160
Electricity (MWh/kt)
50
25
Steam (GJ/kt)
-250
Catalyst (F$/kt)
200
2 years
Cost distribution:
1st year:
60%
2nd year
40%
17
Product
Fuelgas
4.0
Propylene
2.0
For sale
LPG
2.5
For sale
Naphtha*
11.0
DC Gasoil*
19.5
Gasoil Hydrotreating
36.5
HDS/MHC
Coke
24.0
For sale
Losses
0.5
Products of the DCU Unit
*The marked streams can not leave the refinery without further treatment, therefore the DC Unit
is not operable without the HDS-MHC Unit.
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
1200
Electricity (MWh/kt)
25
0.5
Steam (GJ/kt)
450
4 years
Cost distribution:
1st year:
30%
2nd year
30%
3rd year
20%
4th year
20%
18
Asphaltic bitumen, normally called "bitumen" is obtained by vacuum distillation or vacuum flashing of
an atmospheric residue. This is straight run" bitumen. The physical properties of asphalts may further
be modified by 'air blowing'. This is an oxidation process which involves the blowing of air through the
asphalts, either on a batch or a continuous basis. Maximum capacity of the BBU Unit is 400 kt/year.
Product Yield (wt%) Product destination
Bitumen
98.0
Losses
2.0
For sale
19
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
100
Electricity (MWh/kt)
20
Steam (GJ/kt)
200
2 years
Cost distribution:
1st year:
60%
2nd year
40%
Hydrogen is required in refineries for hydrotreating processes, to remove sulfur, nitrogen and other
impurities from hydrotreater feed. A limited quantity of hydrogen is produced in the catalytic reforming
of naphthas, but generally the quantity is insufficient to meet the requirements of the refinery.
Hydrogen is produced by the steam reforming of natural gas, which is bought from the market or
consumed from the refinery fuel gas pool (simplification).
The throughput of HPP is always determined by the demand of hydrotreaters. If maximum capacity is
reached, excess hydrogen is automatically bought from the market.
20
23.8
Losses
76.2
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)*
6000
Electricity (MWh/kt)
60
10
Steam (GJ/kt)
Catalyst (F$/kt)
-1800
780
21
36
40
63
60
86
80
108
100
129
120
149
140
168
160
187
180
205
200
225
220
240
240
260
260
275
280
290
300
305
320
325
340
340
360
355
380
370
400
385
Construction time:
2 years
Cost distribution:
1st year:
60%
2nd year
40%
22
Claus Unit
Most crude oil contains varying amounts of sulfur. Hydrotreating various distillates from these crudes
generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is converted to elemental sulfur in the Claus Unit to minimize
atmospheric pollution. In the absence of sulfur recovery, the only option would be to burn this gas in
refinery furnaces, releasing huge amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. A new government
law will come into force in 2018 imposing a serious penalty on H2S burning: 30000 F$/t.
The throughput of the Claus Unit is always determined by the H2S production of the hydrotreaters.
Product Yield (wt%) Product destination
Sulphur
84.8
Losses
15.2
For sale
Consumption
Fuel (GJ/kt)
810
Electricity (MWh/kt)
100
40
Steam (GJ/kt)
-3500
Catalyst (F$/kt)
1200
23
51
20
69
30
82
40
92
50
102
60
110
70
117
80
124
90
130
100
136
110
142
120
147
130
152
140
157
150
162
160
166
170
170
180
175
190
180
200
185
Construction time:
2 years
Cost distribution:
1st year:
60%
2nd year
40%
24
Gasoline Blending
Motor gasoline has to be blended from different streams to fulfil the environmental and quality
regulations. It is your task to blend marketable gasoline by setting up the splitters correctly. Excess
amount of blending components will be sold as Base Gasoline for a lower price. If the blended
gasoline does not meet the requirements, it will also be sold as Base Gasoline.
Gasoline Blending is not possible until all the components are available.
25
0.75
93.5
82.5
56
27
26
Reformate
0.83
103
92
30
81
Isomerate
0.68
90
85
80
Property
SPG (kg/dm3)
RON
95
MON
85
RVP (kPa)
45
0.77
60
Olefin (%)
18
Aromatics (%)
35
26
Crude Storage
In order to avoid losses of your company caused by fluctuation of crude oil price, you can invest into
construction of storage tanks. Although inventory management is a day by day process, in our game
let us assume that you can operate a year by year crude inventory that has been consolidated in time
and space. This way you can store only crude oil in your tanks. Without investments into extra tanks
you can import a maximum of 72.37 MMbbl crude oil to feed your refinery. If you would like to increase
this value, then you should invest into storage. Before constructing your tank farm, you can choose
different capacities at the top right part of the panel in 10 MMbbl increments. For simplification there is
not any OPEX that is calculated for your accumulated inventory. In the next year your refinery will try
to utilize your existing inventory, and after that the pre-ordered crude will be processed in the
distillation unit, or your tanks will be loaded in case of reaching the capacity limit of your CDU.
1 year
Cost distribution:
1st year:
100%
After your investing decision, there is no possibility to expand the capacity in the current year, so
choose carefully. Of course, you can expand your capacity in the following years but destroying is not
allowed. After investments into storage the maximum available crude that you can order will increase
with the storage capacity.
27
Financial data
Financial data panel indicates the main financial results relating to the refinery.
28
HEADQUARTER (HQ)
You can switch to the headquarter simply by clicking on the building at the left side of the main gate or
the Headquarter item at the right bottom of the screen.
Financial data
Financial data panel at the HQ indicates the main financial results relating to the US & DS parts of the
company.
29
30
Import Crude
In this panel your team can define the amount of crude import annually. Using credit is also your
teams decision.
NOTE: Importing crude to the minimum capacity of the refinery is an automatic decision in the game.
You can import crude more times in a round. You can check the amount of the crude imported at
refinery on the Product & Capacity panel.
Technical comment: You can set up the amounts with dragging and sliding the tiny arrow above the
bar or simply clicking on the bar anywhere.
31
Repaying credit
In this panel your team can repay from the existing amounts of credit. Credit repayment can occur any
time when the team wishes but interest of the credit is subtracted immediately in the same round the
credit is requested.
32
Final Scoring
40 teams who scored best in the game are going to get to the Strategy Simulation round. We will also
take into consideration and evaluate the effects of your decisions made in the final turn (Turn #10). We
rank the teams according to how much cash they have on their account and the remaining unpaid
credit is substracted from the final result.
33