Bye Bye Birdie- Put on a happy face

Camelot, Mame, & New York, New York=soundtracks were played for each
musical
The King and I- Shall We Dance
Fiddler on the Roof- If I Were a Rich Man & Matchmaker, Matchmaker
My Fair Lady- Ive Grown Accustomed to Her Face, Get Me to the
Church on Time, & On the Street Where You Live.
Chapter1:

Music- is sound organized into time.

We are in a laissez-faire musical democracy today.
Chapter 3:
Rhythm- (most basic element) temporal organization of sound in music
Beats-regularly spaced rhythmic pulses
Tempo- speed of the beats
Meter- beats are grouped into regularly recurring patterns
Measure- grouping of beats that make up the recurring pattern
Compound Meter- simultaneous perception of two different levels of beat
irregular or asymmetric meters-are created by grouping twos and threes in an
irregular fashion.
Flexible or unmetered rhythm- dictated by patterns of words or dance
movement, or by complex rhythmic practices of non-west cultures
Polyrhythm- simultaneous sounding of more than one rhythm or meter
Syncopation- rhythms contradicting the underlying metric pulse, often by not
lining up with the "strong" pulse that creates meter
Colotomic Structure- entrance of certain instuments mark off progress

Chapter 6:
Dynamics- how loud of soft sounds are (piano-soft forte-loud)

Timbre-color of sound
Orchestration- the process of choosing instumenntal combinations for a band or
orchestral work
Chapter 9:
Wind Instruments- sound is produced by vibrating column of air
String Instuments- sound is generated by a vibrating string
Percussion instruments- instruments that produce sound when struck or shaken.
Drums- almost exclusivly percussion insruments in which sound is produced by the
vibration of a stretched peice of skin or plastic( head).
Synthetic instruments- those in which sound is produced electronically.
MIDI ( Musical Insrument Digital Interface)- industy standard system of
communication
Controllers- instruments that do not create sound but trigger the actions of a
computer/synthesizer
Sampler- device that takes successive digital snapshots of a natural sound over
time
Sequencing- the digital data that is necessary to play back MIDI sequences and
files stored in a computer.
Ensembles- Instruments and/or voices that perform together.
Chapter 32:
Musical- distinguised from operetta by "dowm-to-earth characters", "colloquial
spoken dialog", and "popular style of its songs".
"Oklahoma"- 2000 perforances, by Rodgers & Hammerstein
"show boat"- started musical, by Kern & Hammerstein

TEMPO
Adagio- very slow
Moderato- medium
Presto- fast
Prestissimo- very fast

Accelerando- getting faster

ritardando- getting slower
Fermata- a sustain of a note, indefinte time
Accent- beats louder than others (sfz an extra strong accent)
Jazz- louis armstrong
Drums- Buddy rich
String- yosha nclfitz
Enharmonic Tones- Two different names for the same pitch.
Diatonic Scale A seven note scale plus octave.
WWHWWWH- system by which all seven notes in any major diatonic scale can be
accumulated.
Staff- 5 lines and 4 spaces on which musical notes are written.
Clef- French for clue. Specifies a certain line on a staff to be a certain pitch.
TREBLE CLEF ( G CLEF)- FACE(space) , Every Good Boy Derserves Fudge (line)
BASS CLEF ( F CLEF)- All Cows Eat Grass (space) , Good Boys Do Fine Always
(line)
Ledger Lines- additional lines above or before the staff.
Grand Staff- treble staff-middle C- bass staff
Key- series of notes that certain fuctions in relations to one another.
Tonality- the sensation of a particular chord being "home" and other chords
functioning in relation to that chord.
Dissonance- unpleasing
Consonance- pleasing.
Modulation- process of key change
Key signature- A collection of sharps and flats at the beginning of a piece of
music.
Accidental- Temporarily cancels the key signature.

Sharp- # Flat-b
Tune- a shorter part of a melody.
Phrase- a series of musical pitcheds that seem to naturally belong together.
Cadence- a stopping of settling place in music.
Motive- a musical fragment
Imitative polyphony- Two or more melodies being played or sung simultaneously
at different times, with melodies being the same.
Non-Imitative polyphony- two or more melodies played or sung simultaneously
at different times with melody being different.
Melody- a succession of musical tones organized in a meaningful fashgion.
Harmony- two or more pitches at same time.
Form- How all elements of music contribute to an overall music structure or shape.
The overall design of the musical work that can be heard by the listener.

Sonata Form- a generalized, varible three-part formal design, usually in the

first part of symphonies, sonatas, concertos, string quartets, and overture.
Exposition, Development, Recapulation.

Variation technique- An original idea is stated and then repeated a number

of times, but each repetition is in some way a variation of the original
material. Typically the original is returned toward the end of the variations.

Theme- when a melody serves as the primary horizontal material for a

piece of music.

Toccata- free style form

Fuguemusical procedure in which the successive entrances of the

same theme iare heard in different instruments while the earlier entracts play
free melodic material.

Style- assumes a distinctive quality that arises from and expresses the needs and
customs of people.
Recitative- free, speechlike singing
Aria- more structured and melodic singing
Sequence- repetition of melodic fragment at a sequentially higher or lower pitch
level.

Serenade- lighter, more compact work, related to symphony and string quartlet.

Genres- kind of peice

Opera- a sung drama in which singers play the roles of the characters on a
suitable decorated stage.

Libretto- text of the opera.

Overture- orchestral number played before the curtains go up, contains

many themes of act, serves as a musical introduction to opera.

Symphony- work for orchestra that is usually in four movements and

focuses on ensembles emplaying rather then soloist.

Program- some kind of description or story that was intended to be

included in the concert program.

Sonata- comes from italan sonare, to sound", 13th century. work for solo
instrument that is typically in three movements.

Concerto- three-movement work for soloist and orchestra,

Cantata- a type of 17th century secular music related to opera.

Chamber Music- refers to instrumental music written for a small number of

players with one player on a part and the emphasis on ensemble rather than
solo playing.