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fact, with a little of industry and practical ingenuity, motor vehicle owners can even personally make or
produce this EWD as long as the same substantially conforms with the specifications laid down in LOI
229.
The alleged infringement of fundamental principle of non-delegation of legislative power is equally
without any support from well-settled legal doctrines. To avoid any taint of unlawful delegation, there
must be a standard, which implies at the very least that the legislative itself determines and lays down
the fundamental policy. LOI 229 contains such standard which the Land Transportation Commission
followed in the issuance of Memorandum Circular No. 2.
*Finally, The declaration of Principles in the Constitution provides: The Philippines adopts the
generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land. The 1968 Vienna
Convention on Road Signs and Signals is impressed with such character. Since we ratified it, we have
to abide by its provisions.