BBA 4009

Competitive Analysis

AU LEE YAU
930524-01-6857
200033

CHRITINA LAU

MARCH 2015

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title

Pages

Content

4.0

Chapter 4

2-13

4.0 Introduction
4.1 Descriptive statistic of the collection
4.2 T-test of the data collection
4.3 Hypothesis Testing
4.4 Chapter summary
5.0

Chapter 5

14-18

5.0 Introduction
5.1 Respondent Profile
5.2 Discussion of the findings
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Practical Implication
5.5 Limitation of Study
5.6 Conclusion
References

19

Coursework

20-21

4.0 Introduction
This Chapter mainly represents the result of the data analysis. This result will use to
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study the aim report the finding that we get from data analysis. Thus, in this research
data were analyzed using which several method to analysis such as Descriptive
statistic of the collection, T-test of the data collection, the hypothesis testing and the
last chapter summary.

4.1 Descriptive statistic of the collection

Table 4.1 Age of the respondents
Age
Below 20

Frequency
30

Percentage (%)
30

21-30

35

35

31-40

20

20

41 and above
Total

15
100

15
100

This results of age of respondents shown in table 4.1. The table show 30% of the
respondent (30 people respondents) is at the age below 20 years old, then follow by
35% (35 respondents) are in age between 21 until 30. Then, age from 31-40 have 20%
(have 20 respondents). Lastly, the age 41 and above there are 15respondents (15% of
the all respondents). Based on this statement the highest respondent age are between
21 until 30 years old and the lowest are the age 41 and above. Only 15 respondents
only.
Table 4.2 Gender of the respondents
Gender

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Male

50

50

Female
Total

50
100

50
100

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This results of gender of respondents shown in table 4.2. The findings show the both
male and female have same frequency and percentage. The male have 50respondents
(50% male respondents) and also the female also have 50respondents (50% male
respondents).

Table 4.3 marital status of the respondents

Marital Status

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Single

60

60

Married
40
40
Total
100
100
Table 4.3 show the result of the marital status of the respondents. This finding
shows the highest respondent is the single respondent which 60% (60 respondents). In
the others hand, there are 40 respondents in married respondents include also 40% out
of 100% respondents.

Table 4.4 Race of the respondents

Race

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Malays

30

30

India

25

25

Chinese
45
45
Total
100
100
This results of race of respondents shown in table 4.4. The table show 30% of the
respondent (30 people respondents) is the Malay respondents, then follow by 25%
(25respondents) are Indian. Then, the Chinese have the highest rate 45 respondents
(45%). Based on this statement the highest respondent race are Chinese and the lowest
are the Indians.
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Table 4.5 Religion of the respondents

Religion

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Christian

30

30

Islam

25

25

Hinduism

10

10

Buddhism
35
35
Total
100
100
The table 4.5 show 30% of the respondent (30 people respondents) is the chiristian
respondents, then follow by 25% (25respondents) are Islamic. Then, the Hindusim
only 10% in my respondents follow by Buddhism have 35% the highest rate of the all
religion, whereas the Hinduism are the weakest percentages only 10%.

Table 4.6 Education Level of the respondents

Education Level

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Master degree

30

30

Bachelor degree

25

25

35

35

Advance Diploma

Diploma
10
10
Total
100
100
The table 4.6 show the education level of the all respondents the highest frequency is
the Advance Diploma are 30 respondents, follow by master degree 30respondents,
25respondents are Bachelor degree, and the lowest frequency is the Diploma level
only show 10%.

Table 4.7 Occupation of the respondents

Occupation

Frequency

Percentage (%)

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Education

25

25

Finance

25

25

Service Industry

35

35

Others
15
15
Total
100
100
Table 4.7 show the result of the Occupation of the respondents. This finding shows
the highest respondent is the service industry which 35% (35 respondents). In the
others hand, there are same 25 respondents in the education and the finance
occupation 25%. the least occupation is the others act as students and worker only 15
respondents (15% out of 100%).

Table 4.8 Monthly Income of the respondents

Monthly Income

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Below 1500

10

10

1501 2000

15

15

2001 2500

20

20

2500 and above

55
55
Total
100
100
Table 4.3 show the result of the Monthly income of the respondents. This finding
shows the highest respondent have income 2500 and above which 55%
(55respondents). In the others hand, there are 20 respondents in income between 2001
2500 include also 20% out of 100% respondents. Next the income between 15012000 have 15respondents (15%) and the lowest frequency is the income below 1500
only 10respondents (10%only).

Table 4.9 Living Area of the respondents

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Living Area

Frequency

Percentage (%)

City

80

80

Village
20
20
Total
100
100
Table 4.9 show the result of the living area of the respondents. This finding shows the
highest respondent stay in city are 80% (80 respondents). In the others hand, there are
20 respondents stay in village respondents include also 20% out of 100% respondents.

Table 4.10 buy the SMEs product of the respondents

Buy the SMEs product

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Yes

60

60

No
Total

40
100

40
100

Table 4.10 show the result of the buy the SMEs product of the respondents. This
finding shows the highest respondent is yes to buy the SMEs product which 60% (60
respondents). In the others hand, there are 40 respondents in respondents say No to
buying SMEs product include also 40% out of 100% respondents.

4.2 T-test of the data collection

A statistical examination of two population means. A two-sample t-test examines
whether two samples are different and is commonly used when the variances of two
normal distributions are unknown and when an experiment uses a small sample size.
For example, a t-test could be used to compare the average floor routine score of the
U.S. women's Olympic gymnastics team to the average floor routine score of China's
women's team.
There are main types of the t-test may be used, for example:
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1. One-sample t-test is used to compare a sample mean with a known population

mean or some other meaningful, fixed value
2. Independent samples t-test is used to compare two means from independent
groups. Two separate sets of independent and identically distributed samples
are obtained, one from each of the two populations being compared. For
example, suppose we are evaluating the effect of a medical treatment, and we
enrol 100 subjects into our study, then randomly assign 50 subjects to the
treatment group and 50 subjects to the control group.
3. Paired samples t-test is used to compare two means that are repeated
measures for the same participants - scores might be repeated across different
measures or across time. It can also use to compare paired samples, as in a two
treatment randomized block design.
4. In this research, the independent samples test will used to test whether gender
is significant towards packaging.
Table 4.11: Independent sample test between gender and packaging
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal
Variances

Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean
Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail

Variable Variable
1
2
14.4
18.12
52.0816 33.5771
3
4
50
50
0
94
-2.84212
0.00274
8
1.66122
6
0.00549
6
1.98552
3

The result of T-test is shown in

table 4.11 above. The result show
that the difference in the mean of
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14.4 and 18.12 with the Variance of 52.08163 and 33.57714 for the male and female
on the packaging were insignificant. The t-value is 0.005496, in this result we can
concluded that there is has significant different of the packaging between male and
female respondents.

Table 4.12: Independent sample test between gender and purchase decision
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal
Variances

Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean
Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail

Variabl
e1
15.26
40.8493
9
50

Variabl
e2
18.42
17.5138
8
50

0
84
2.92484
0.00221
5
1.66319
7
0.06443
1.98861

The result of T-test is shown in table 4.12 above. The result show that the difference
6in the mean of 15.26 and 18.42 with the Variance of 40.84939 and 17.51388 for the
male and female on the purchase decision were insignificant. The t-value is 0.006443,
in this result we can concluded that there is no significant different of the purchase
decision between male and female respondents.

Table 4.13: Independent sample test between gender and price

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
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Variable Variable
1
2
14.32
17.2
22.2220 23.5918
4
4
50
50

Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean
Difference
df
t Stat

0
98
-3.0087
0.00166
P(T<=t) one-tail
7
1.66055
t Critical one-tail
1
1.00333
P(T<=t) two-tail
5
1.98446
t Critical two-tail
7
The result of T-test is shown in table 4.13 above. The result show that the difference
in the mean of 14.32 and 17.2 with the Variance of 22.22204 and 23.59184 for the
male and female on the price were insignificant. The t-value is 1.003335, in this result
we can concluded that there is has no significant different of the purchase decision
between male and female respondents.
Table 4.14: Independent sample test between gender and customer loyalty
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming
Unequal Variances

Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean
Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail

Varia
ble 1
13.62
13.05
673
50

Varia
ble 2
17.68
17.28
327
50

0
96
5.211
99
5.35E
-07
1.660
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P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail

881
1.07E
-06
1.984
984

The result of T-test is shown in table 4.14 above. The result show that the difference
in the mean of 13.62 and 17.68 with the Variance of 13.05673 and 17.28327for the
male and female on the customer loyalty were insignificant. The t-value is 1.07, in
this result we can concluded that there is no significant different of the customer
loyalty between male and female respondents.

4.3 Hypothesis Testing

The analysis of the variance (ANOVA) is used to compare the difference between
more than two means at the same time. The necessary assumption must be met before
we conducting the ANOVA. Hence, we assumption for ANOVA are the same as those
t-tests. There are two assumption focused on the are
a) Population normality population from which the samples have been drawn
should be normal. Check this for each group using normality statistics such as
skewness and Shapiro Wilk.
b) Homogeneity of variance the Homogeneity of variance scores in each group.
Thus, let we using the t-test, Levenes test determined whether the variances is equal,
or unequal.( Coakes &Steed 2007)

Table 4. 15 One way ANOVA between age, race, religion, education level, occupation
and income with packaging.
Anova: Single Factor

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SUMMARY
Groups

Count

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Between
Groups
Within
Groups

SS
487.31
88
69458.
33

Total

69945.
65

Su
m
77
5
75
0
82
5
65
0

Averag
e
129.16
67

Varian
ce
1604.1
67

125

1000

137.5

4187.5

130

8875

df

MS
162.43
96
3655.7
02

F
0.0444
35

3
19

Pvalue
F crit
0.9871 3.1273
57
5

22

The result of ANOVA is shown in Table 4.15. In this situation, the F value is
0.044435, and this is not significant level at the 0.987. This means there is no
significant between the packaging and the factor of the age, race, religion, education
level, occupation, and income. it can show that the analysis of the variance from the
ANOVA table indicated that F statistic produced is found to be significant at level
0.05 level. We can conclude that this regression models reaches statically significant
as p value less than 0.05.In my Conclusion, in this one way ANOVA testing we can
concluded there is no significant relationship between age, race, religion, education
level, occupation and income. This is because all the significant value is more than
0.05.

4.4 Chapter summary

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In this chapter, the three hypothesis proposed is earlier tested. Using sample of 100
respondent, the data obtained from the Johor jaya area. First, the questionnaire was
distributed randomly. This is aim to determine the effect of new packaging toward
purchase decisions, customer loyalty and also price. Two level of statistical analysis
were conducted in two ways. The first level involved using the basic descriptive
analysis. In this analysis, we used the frequencies of the demographic data. The
second level of analysis is the ANOVA (t-test and one way). In my summary, based on
the test conducted, 2 hypothesis is reject and 1 hypothesis is acceptable. This research
shows that only purchase decisions and customer loyalty will affected if there are a
new packaging to SMEs product, there is no relationship between the packaging and
the price of the product.

5.0 Introduction
Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution,
storage, sale, and use in SMEs product. Packaging also refers to the process of design,
evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated
system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. The
importance of the Packaging in the SMEs product is a marketing tool used to reflect
the brand and to sell the product inside. This tool used design elements such as color,
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font, description and logo to drive consumers to buy the product.

5.1 Respondent Profile

We will discuss in this chapter about the result of the finding in this research. To
easy understanding in the discussion, we will separate into three parts namely, 5.0, 5.3
and 5.6.
The main objectives in my investigation is to study the aim of the effect of
packaging to SMEs product in purchase decisions, price, and the customer loyalty.
In order to access the objective, the three specific objectives of this study have been
formulated as follows: Firstly, to determine whether the new packaging of SME will
affect the customer loyalty on that product. Then, to examine whether consumer
willing to pay more for the SME product after a new packaging. Lastly, to test the
purchase decisions when the SMS product have a new packaging.
In my research, the researcher can get the data result from the respondents to
make sure their research is complete and also to test their objectives. In this research,
the main objective is to indicate the effect of packaging to SMEs product in purchase
decisions, price, and the customer loyalty. Number of the respondents contain of 100
person and they are all come from Johor Jaya. The researchers are categorized the
demographic data according to the age, race, religion, education level, occupation and
income and also marital status. In this research, there are 50 males respondents and
50 female respondents in same 50% percentages out of 100%.

5.2 Discussion of the findings

In this research, the figure of the analysis regarding to people from age 41 and
above shows only 15%. This is because they have affect by the price and purchase
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decisions. They have a weak price and purchase decisions because most of all already
entire in their life.
The secondly we make a investigate the between the race and the packaging, the
results show that Chinese has the highest rate in all the races. This is because most of
the Chinese very likely the wrap or packaging of the SMEs product and also the most
Chinese has the improvement buying decisions.
The most weakest religion that has effect is the Hinduism, this is due to the
Hinduism is very loyal to their religion, they are tradition and focused in their cultural
in social attitudes. The Hinduism show the percentages only 10%.
Next, the effect between the education level and the packaging displays the
Diploma level has the weakest effect. This is because the Diploma student require to
focus in their study and have least buying decisions.
Occupation in range others has the low percentages, only present the 10% out
of 100%. This is because most of the occupation are the students and worker, the have
also weak purchase decisions
The income below 1500 has the lowest percentages in the research. Only 10%
percentages, this mean that the lower income has choose the lower price product and
no influences of the packaging. The lower income affect the buying decision to
pretend save cost. Finally, the all price and customer loyalty also purchase decision in
all race, age, religion, education, occupation, income has no effect to the packaging to
SMEs product.

5.3 Recommendations
In my study, the most of the greatest effect is Packaging to the SMEs product. This
is because the nowadays, annually in the competitive world we have to have a nice
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wrapping and design for the packaging only these can make a differentiate from
others SMEs products.
The price has low effect than the packaging, we can explain through if the buyer
has greater purchase decision normally they buy the brand product with the nice look
packaging. Thus, the purchase decision and the customer loyalty can be change when
the packaging is more attract the buyer and the buyer will try another product with
classic and luxury packaging.

5.4 Practical Implication

The Government undergoes SME development feature prominently in all of the
Government's economic development plans over the years. Over the recent decade, a
clear policy for accelerating the development of SMEs has been charted through
specific strategies outlined in the Second Industrial Master Plan, Third Outline
Perspective Plan and Eight Malaysia Plan.Broadly, strategies to promote the
development of SMEs have been formulated against the backdrop of a changing and
challenging economic environment. To further enhance the Government's role, and for
greater coordination and focus in SME development, the National SME Development
Council was established in June 2004.
The company will develop the packaging by Shifting comparative advantage.
Globalization of trade, investment and production has substantially altered
comparative advantages between large and small firms.

5.5 Limitation of Study

The study of the case has several limitation, there are all divided into 3 limitation.
the beginning this research only focus in specific in one area only, the research range
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is narrow. besides, the research time is only four month during my study, this will
limited the time to get the respond from the respondents. the third limitation is the
there are some of the respondents are in cooperative with the questionnaire, this may
affect the analysis the data.

5.6 Conclusion
Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution,
storage, sale, and use in SMEs product. The mainly objectives is the new packaging
of SMEs product affect the customer loyalty on that product. Then, The consumer are
willing to pay more on the new packaging in whether high or low prices. The
purchase decision affect by the new packaging SMEs product.
All the hypothesis and objectives of the research is all approved in my research.

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References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%27s_t-test
2. http://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab-express/1/help-and-how-to/basicstatistics/inference/supporting-topics/test-of-means/types-of-t-tests/
3. http://www.bnm.gov.my/?ch=en_press&pg=en_press_all&ac=1279&lang=en
4. http://www.tradeforum.org/Export-Strategies-for-Small-Firms/#sthash.2yLkFCy4

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