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Chapter title
Dredging?
Double production!
10-06-2014
Equipment
Breakdown of the dredging process
Overview of dredgers
Cutter suction dredger
Trailing suction hopper dredger
Backhoe dredger
Grab dredger
Other equipment
Environmental dredgers
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Overview of dredgers
Hydraulic/Mechanical Dredgers
Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD)
Large, 1500-3000 kW
Mid-size, 600-1500 kW
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Mega, 5500-7500 kW
Main characteristics
Working principle
Stationary dredger:
vulnerable to shipping
sensitive to wave conditions
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Swing
to SB
17
Start swing
to PS
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Continue
swing
to PS
Stop at PS,
Push dredger
forward
Start
swing to
SB
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Stop in
Centre Line
Aux. spud
down
Main spud
up
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Main spud
forward
Main spud
down
Aux. spud
up
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Start
swing
to SB
Continue
swing
to SB
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undercutting
overcutting
spillage
(cutting deeper than design level)
Dredging and Marine Contractors
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Various shapes
Dredging
and
Marine
Contractors
Dredging
and
Marine
Contractors
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Flipper Delta
Stevshark
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small
mid-size
large
dimensions
(L*W*Dr)
65 * 10 * 2 m
70 * 16 * 4 m
120 * 20 * 5 m
total power
< 3,000 kW
< 9,000 kW
< 13,000 kW
cutter power
< 600 kW
< 1,500 kW
< 3,000 kW
19 m / min
32 m / min
32 m / min
15-20 m
25 m
25 - 30 m
discharge diameter
0.35 - 0.70 m
0.65 - 0.85 m
0.75 - 0.85 m
heavy duty
mega
dimensions
(L*W*Dr)
125 * 22 * 5 m
140 * 24 * 6.5 m
total power
< 23,000 kW
< 28,000 kW
cutter power
< 5,500 kW
< 7,000 kW
32 m / min
32 m / min
25 - 35 m
30 - 35 m
discharge diameter
0.80 - 0.90 m
0.90 - 1.00 m
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Hydraulic Dredgers
Suction dredgers
40
Small, 4000 m3
Mid-Size 8,800 m3
Large 13,500 m3
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Mega 37,000 m3
Dredging and Marine Contractors
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Free sailing
Self-propelled
Self-unloading or -discharging
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swell compensator
service
crane
propulsion
engine room
hopper
suction pipe
draghead
- 70m
pump room
bow-coupling for
pumping ashore or
rainbowing
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Loading (overflow)
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Longitudinal section
Longitudinal section
Text (full)
Mud [m3]
18
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Text (full)
19
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Rainbowing
58
Text (full)
Water
Sand
Jets Jets
Jets
Discharge
Water inlet
Dredge pump
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Text (full)
Jets Jets
Jets
Discharge
Water inlet
Dredge pump
Text (full)
Jets Jets
Jets
Discharge
Water inlet
Dredge pump
62
Text (full)
Jets
Jets
Discharge
Jets
Water inlet
Dredge pump
63
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start overflow
sailing
loaded
emptying hopper
stop
loading
next
trip
sailing
empty
TIME IN MINUTES
Cycle-time per trip
start
dredging
Dredging and Marine Contractors
sailing
loaded
stop
loading
unloading
hopper
next trip
sailing
empty
TIME IN MINUTES
start
dredging
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Sailing characteristics
Resistance
Small keel clearance
Stability
Carrying capacity
Volume
Weight
Filling system
Overflow system
Self-discharge system
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Restriction by weight
(max. draught)
MUD
5,000 m3
6,000 ton
SAND
3,500 m3
HOPPER
7,000 ton
HULL
HOPPER
HULL
Overflow System
Bottom-doors
Conical bottom-valves
Dredging and Marine Contractors
Dragheads
72
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Sand Draghead
Different dragheads
Suction Pipe
25
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76
Swell Compensator
Swell
Compensator
Draghead Winch
Oil
Pressure
Jar
Draghead
Seabottom
Dredging and Marine Contractors
Centrifugal Pumps
Hardware
Types & sizes
Basic parts
inboard pump
Dredging
Dredging and
and Marine
Marine Contractors
Contractors
78
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Centrifugal Pumps
Working principle
Energy Distribution
Propulsion
Pumps
Boardnet
Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal Pumps
Density & velocity meter
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Limiting factors
Dredging and
and Marine
Marine Contractors
Contractors
Dredging
82
Limiting factors
trailing suction
hopper dredger
dimensions
(L*W*Dr)
max. dredging
depth
hopper capacity
small
mid-size
large
25-55 m
25-75 m
sailing speed
8 knots
12 knots
14 knots
propulsion power
400 kW
3,500 kW
8,000 kW
diam. suction-pipe
0.35-0.9 m
0.80 m
0.90-1.00 m
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trailing suction
hopper dredger
jumbo
mega
dimensions
(L*W*Dr)
180*32*13 m
225 x 38 x 12 15.5 m
max. dredging
depth
50-120 m
55 - 155 m
hopper capacity
<30,000 m3
30,000 - 46,000 m3
sailing speed
17 knots
16 - 18 knots
propulsion power
(while dredging)
18,000 kW
26,000 kW
diam. suction-pipe
1.20 m
1.2 - 1.4 m
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91
Backhoe Dredger
Backhoe Dredger
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Main characteristics
Typical parts
Dredging cycle
Production limiting factors
Some characteristic figures
Backhoe
Main characteristics
Normal backhoe/front-shovel on pontoon or
Specially built pontoon (with spuds) with backhoe on
rotating table
Suitable for:
Non-rock type soils with stones
Blasted rock
Precision dredging
Backhoe
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Backhoe - parts
Bucket
Spud
Stick
Boom
Backhoe
Different types and sizes to be fitted:
Sticks
Buckets
Booms
Backhoe
Dredging cycle
Lowering bucket
Filling bucket by cutting and tilting
Hoisting bucket
Turning crane towards barge
Emptying bucket into barge
Turning back
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Reach
Barge
But
Forward dredging is also possible
Workability
Waves
Shipping
Backhoe
Characteristic Figures
Backhoe
Small
Medium
Large
Mega
Length
m1
30
45
50
65
Draught
m1
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.5
Dredging Depth
m1
10-15
15 - 20
20 - 30
20 - 30
Bucket size
1-3
2-8
5 - 20
15-40
Power Installed
kW
500
< 1,000
< 2,000
< 4200
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Backhoe
103
Grab Dredger
Grab Dredger
Main characteristics
Dredging characteristics
Typical parts
Dredging cycle
Production limiting factors
Some characteristic figures
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Grab Dredger
Main characteristics
Grab Dredger
Dredging characteristics
Dredging up to large depths
Cannot create an even bottom
Dredged material is loaded into barges
Non-rock types of soil
Suitable for debris and vegetation
Grab Dredger
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Grab Dredger
Groyne Construction
Dredging and Marine Contractors
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Grab Dredger
Typical parts
Different types and sizes to be fitted:
Grabs
Booms
Grab Dredger
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Grab Dredger
Dredging cycle
Lowering grab
Closing grab
Hoisting grab
Turning crane towards barge
Emptying grab into barge
Turning back
Grab Dredger
Production limiting factors
Hard material
Big boulders, blasted rock
Removal of debris or vegetation
Dredging depth
Waves and currents
Shipping
Grab Dredger
Characteristic Figures
Grab Dredger
Small
Mid-size
L x Dr.
30 x 1.5
45 x 1.7
50 x 2
Dredging Depth
m1
25
40
50
Grab size
m3
2.5 - 5
5 - 15
15 - 50
Dimensions
Large
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Rock Breaker
Towed by tug
Assisting TSHD with removal of ridges and high spots
Removal of soft material from small harbours
Low production
Cheap
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Other Equipment
Water based
Barges
Work boats and launches
Anchor pontoons, floating line pontoons
Booster station
Survey launch
Dredging and Marine Contractors
122
Dredging
Dredging and
and Marine
Marine Contractors
Contractors
123
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Female
Ball Joints
Floating cover
Male
Booster station
Other Equipment
Land based
Pipelines and valves
Bulldozers, shovels, etc.
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Environmental Dredgers
Objective
Types
Typical Aspects
Environmental Dredgers
Objective:
Optimise precision
Accurately dredging of thin layer
Minimise disposal capacity by high concentration (minimisation of
dilution)
Minimise turbulence and turbidity
Safety: bring dredged bottom material via closed system to barge or
disposal area
Accuracy Aspects
Contaminated
Clean
H
Dredging
Dredgingand
and Marine
Marine Contractors
Contractors
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Accuracy Aspects
H (contaminated) removed
Environmental Dredgers
Typical aspects
Automation necessary
Maximising concentration
Controlling excavation level
Controlling layer thickness
Output level low due to:
High accuracy
Avoiding turbulence
Environmental Dredgers
Types
Environmental disc cutter dredger
Disc cutter head with closed bottom plate and shields
Environmental auger dredger
Dual active rotating auger in enclosed area
Horizontally closing grab
Grab sealed off when closed
Hydraulic excavator fitted with closed visor bucket
Encapsulated Bucket Ladder Dredger
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Environmental Dredgers
Dredging
Dredging and
and Marine
Marine Contractors
Contractors
133
Environmental Dredgers
Environmental Dredgers
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Standard Grab
Environmental Dredgers
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Environmental Dredgers
THE END
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