Three Phase AC Circuits

-:Objectives
To get acquainted with the different methods of 3-phase -1
connections and the corresponding relations between voltages
.and currents
.To study balanced 3-phase circuits -2
.To measure 3-phase power -3

-:Material Required
Three similar loading resistors
.Three ac ammeters
.four ac voltmeters
.one wattmeters and three-phase transformer

-:Background of the experiment

: Three ac circuits has many advantage
Three phase motors have better power factor compared to single -1
.phase motors
three phase wire offers less resistance to conductor compers to - 2
.single phase, hence less power less is produce during transmission

Figure1: a three phase supply

The three phase voltages are equal in magnitude but shifted in phase by 12 00 .
The supply in this case is known as a balanced Y-connected three phase
supply.

Figure2: Phasor diagram of the three-phase balanced

supply.

So the equation for phasor voltage with time will be :

VA=VAN=VAA'=

2V p cos(t)

VB=VBN=VBB'=

2V p cos(t120 )

VC=VCN=VCC'=

2V p cos( t+120 )

There is line to line voltage such as Vab, Vbc and Vca . The equation for
line to line voltage with time will be:
VAB =

2V L cos(t +30)

VBC=

2V L cos ( t90 )

VCA=

2V L cos(t +150)

The load can be delta connected (fig.3 (a)) or Y (fig.3 (b))

connected:

a) Delta connected balanced

.b) Y connected balanced load

Figure3: The balance load

a) for the connected balanced load :

IL= 3 IP
VL=VP
P=3VPIPCos() =

3 VPIPCos()

b) for the connected balanced load :

IL=IP
VL= 3 VP
P=3VPIPCos() =

3 VPIPCos()

*Note: is the phase angle between the current in

each phase and the voltage across it.
The power for balance three phase circuits will be three times power
in one phase. But if the load is not balance the power in each
phases will be different.
In balanced load we use one wattmeter but in unbalanced we need
three wattmeters .

Figure 4: how to measurement in balanced and unbalanced lode

Procedure I:-

In this part we measurment the current line, line to line voltage and
phasor voltage .We connected the three phases with load like figure
5 and we find :
*Ran=Rbn=Rcn = 100 ohm

Figure 5: three phase balance load

IL1
IL2
IL3
VAB
VAN

233.5 A
229.3 A
226.5 A
39.8 V
23.08

Procedure II:In

this

part

we

use

wattmeters

to

measurment phasor voltage, line current

and power in one loead by using on
wattmeter fig.6. Then we find total pwor by
multiplaying power in phase by three and
by using PT=3IL12R.

Figure6: measuring Three-phase power using a single

wattmeter.

VAN
IL1
P
P3
P3

24.4 V
0.247 A
6 watt
3*6=18 watt
3IL12R =3* 0.2472*100= 18.3
watt
There some different in total power because the current and
.resistance is not exact value since the material is not pure

Procedure III:In this part we measurement voltage line, current line and total power by using
.a single wattmeter fig.7

Figure7: measuring Three-phase power using a single

.wattmeter

VL
IL
P3

V 42.6
A 0.246
watt 18.2

The total power in procedure ii is very near to total power in

procedure iii. so we can measurement total power by many method.

-:Comments and conclusion

In this experiment we note there is some different in value, since
the resistance is not exact the same and we can find the total power
.by find current and volt or by using wattmeter