CHAPTER 2 : NUTRITION

2.1 Classes of Food

1. Match the following food class with the correct function.
Function

Food class

Maintain the body health in various aspects

Carbohydrate

Transports digested food in our body

Protein

Supplies our body with energy

Fat

Maintain the body health in various aspects

Water

Solvents for vitamins A, D, E and K

Fibre

Repairs damaged cells

Vitamins

Prevents constipation

Mineral salts
2. Tick (/) for the correct functions of the vitamins.

Vitamin A

Needed for healthy skin and proper function

of the nerves
Control the release of energy from
carbohydrate

Vitamin B

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

2.2 The Importance of a Balanced Diet

1

3. Table below shows the daily energy requirements for different individuals.
Group

Age (years)

Sex

Activity level

Energy
requirement
s (kJ)
5
Male
Moderate
7,600
Child
5
Female
Moderate
6,800
14
Male
Moderate
11,200
Adolescent
14
Female
Moderate
9,200
25
Male
Moderate
9,800
25
Female
Moderate
8,500
25
Male
Active
14,000
Adult
25
Female
Active
10,500
65
Male
Moderate
8,600
65
Female
Moderate
6,400
Based on the information given above, answer the following questions.
(a) State one group of individuals that has the highest energy requirement.
___________________________________________________________________________
(b) State the factor that influenced the daily energy requirements for the
group of individuals that you have stated in (a).
___________________________________________________________________________
(c) Why does a teenage boy require a higher energy intake compared to a
teenage girl?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(d) List other factors that influence a persons need for energy
(i) __________________________________________
(ii) __________________________________________
(iii) __________________________________________
(iv) __________________________________________
(e) Bala is a diabetic patient. How does this affect his balanced diet?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Match the diseases with the correct food deficiency.
Disease
Scurvy
Rickets
Kwashiorkor
Haemorrhoid
Goitre
Deficiency in ..
Fibre
Vitamin C

Iodine
Proteins
Vitamin D
2.3 The Digestive System in Humans
5. State true for the true statements and false for the false statements.

The mouth cuts and chews food into smaller pieces

The oesophagus channels food to the stomach

The stomach starts the digestion of proteins

Digestion of proteins, carbohydrate and fats takes place in the duodenum

The large intestine secretes intestinal juice which contains maltase, protease and lipase

6. Complete the following flow map to show the pathway of food in the digestive
system.

Food
Saliva

Peristalsis

Absorption of waterFaeces are storedFaeces are excreted

2.4 The Process of Absorption of Digested Food

7. An activity is carried out to show the absorption of food in the small intestine.

At the beginning of experiment

Presence of starch
Presence of
glucose
Absent
Absent

At the end of experiment

Presence of starch
Presence of
glucose
Absent
Presence

Answer the following questions.

(a) What does the Visking tube represent?
______________________________________________________________________
(b) What does the distilled water represent?
______________________________________________________________________
(c) What is the purpose of keeping the distilled water at 37C?
______________________________________________________________________
(d) (i) What is the enzyme found in saliva?
______________________________________________________________________
(ii) What is the function of the enzyme in saliva?
______________________________________________________________________
(e) (i) Which one has bigger molecule, starch or glucose?
______________________________________________________________________
(ii) Which one can pass through the Visking tube, starch or glucose?
______________________________________________________________________

8. Match the correct process flow of absorption of digested food.

Food class

Final product

Absorbed into

Carbohydrat
e

Fatty acids
and glycerol

Blood

Proteins

Glucose

Lacteal

Fats

Amino acids

Blood

2.5 The Reabsorption of Water and Defecation

9. Explain the process of defecation.
(a) Reabsorption of _________ in the large intestine produces solid waste material
called _________
(b) Faeces is stored and compressed in the ________ before being removed
through the _________
(c) The process of getting rid of faeces though the anus is known as _____________
(d) When there is lack of __________ in the diet, we experience ______________, i.e.
the faeces are retained in the large intestine longer than usual.

10. The diagram below shows a part of the alimentary canal.

(a) Name the part labelled

(i)
P : _____________________________________________________
(ii)
Q : _____________________________________________________
(b) What is the function of the part labelled
(i)
P? _____________________________________________________
(ii)
Q? _____________________________________________________
(c) Name the process by which the contents in Q are removed from the body.
_______________________________________________________________
(d) What is the food class in the human diet which enables the proper removal
of the contents in Q?
_______________________________________________________________
(e) What is the problem associated with the lack of this food class in human
diet?
_______________________________________________________________

2.6 Healthy Eating Habits

Write an essay with the title of Food and Habits of Eating. Your essay should
include the following points.

The importance of eating nutritious food

Practising good eating habits
Plan a balanced diet
Justify the distribution of food to the nearby and underprivileged people
Relate table manners with sensitivity and religious beliefs

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