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Traduccin (sntesis de protenas)

&
Cdigo Gentico
Jorge Arvalo

2014

Estructura del ribosoma


Figure 27.13: Components of a 70S prokaryotic ribosome.

Figure 27.19: Assembly map for the 30S subunit.

Adapted from A. Spirin, Ribosome Structure and Protein Biosynthesis (Redwood


City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings, 1986). 1986 Benjamin/Cummings Publishing
Company.

Figure 27.16: Low-resolution models of the small and large ribosomal subunits and their
70S complex, as deduced from early electron microscopy studies.

Courtesy of M. Oaks, A. Scheirman, T. Atha, G. Shankweiler, and J. A. Lake, The


Ribosome, W. E. Hill, A. Dahlberg, R. A. Garret, P. B. Moore, D. Schlessinger,
and J. R. Warner, eds.,p. 181 (New York:American Society of Microbiology
Press, 1990).

Figure 27.18: A model of the large ribosomal subunit at 0.9 nm resolution, as determined by x-ray
diffraction from crystals.

Provided by N. Ban, P. Nissen, P. Moore, and T. A. Steitz from N. Ban et al., Cell (1998)
93:1105-1115. Cell Press.

Estructura del tRNA


Funcin citoplasmtica del tRNA


(aminoacilacin)

Etapas de la traduccin

Figure 27.25: A schematic view of functional regions of the ribosome.

La actividad cataltica peptidil


transferasa esta en el 23S rRNA

Regin Peptidil Transferasa conservada

P Nissen et al. Science 2000;289:920-930

Published by AAAS

Mecanismo propuesto de
formacion de enlace
peptdico por el 23S
rRNA

A proposed mechanism of peptide synthesis
catalyzed by the ribosome. A2486 (A2451) is
shown as the standard tautomer in all steps,
but could be represented as the imino
tautomer, which would have a negative
unprotonated N3 and a neutral protonated N3.
We expect that the electronic distribution is
actually between these two extremes. (A) The
N3 of A2486 abstracts a proton from the NH2
group as the latter attacks the carbonyl carbon
of the peptidyl-tRNA. (B) A protonated N3
stabilizes the tetrahedral carbon intermediate
by hydrogen bonding to the oxyanion. (C) The
proton is transferred from the N3 to the
peptidyl tRNA 3 OH as the newly formed
peptide deacylates. Among the variations on
this mechanism that should be considered
would be a protonated A2486 stabilizing the
intermediate, as in (B), with less contribution
on acid-base catalysis, as shown in (A) and
(C).

Figure 27.28: Some antibiotics that act by interfering with protein biosynthesis.

Inhibe la union de aminoacil-tRNA al


ribosoma

Inhibe la
actividad
peptidil
transferasa
del ribosoma

Interfiere la interaccion anticodon-codon.


EL CODIGO GENETICO

El descubrimiento del cdigo gentico


El cdigo gentico es universal


El cdigo gentico es degenerado


El cdigo gentico refleja la existencia


de la presin de seleccin

La diversidad de codificacin del


genoma es incrementada por las
opciones de franja de lectura

Mutaciones sin sentido (nonsense) y


mutantes supresoras

Figure 27.27: How an intergenic suppression mutation can overcome a nonsense mutation. 



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