1

Part One
Physical Fundamenatls of Mechanics
1.1

Kinematics

1.1.

Method : 1 (Relative approach)

V
Motor Boat

V = Relative speed of

Fixed point

raft

raft

6 km

motor boat w.r.t.

u

river which is constant

distance = 2 u

Observer on raft see that speed of motor boat is constant because duty of motor boat is constant.
Hence if motor boat take 1 hrs in down stream journey then to reach again at raft motor boat
will take 1 hrs in upstream journey. Hence Total time in complete journey = 2 hrs.
Motion of raft : u = speed of river. Then 2 u = 6 u = 3 km/hr. Ans.
1 hr.

Method : 2 (With frame of ground)

Motion of raft : u (1 + t1) = 6 (i)

t1
6 km

Motion of motor boat : (v + u) 1 (v u) t1 = 6 v + u vt1 + ut1 = 6

v vt1 + u (1 + t1) = 6; from (i) v vt1 + 6 = 6 t1 = 1 hrs.

put t1 = 1 hr in (i) : u (1 + 1) = 6 u = 3km/hr Ans.

Q.1.2: Total distance travel by point is S. Then Time taken in first journey :
S
t1 =

S
S
t
t
2
V1 2 V2 2 t2 =
Time taken in second journey :
V1 V2
V0
2
2
2

Mean velocity =

Q.1.3

S
t1 t 2

S
S/2
S

V0 V1 V2

Mean velocity =

Method : 1 (Graphical Approach) Given tan =

1
t
(t )
tan
Displacement
Area of trapzium
2
2

Time

Total time

2V0 (V1 V2 )
Ans.
V1 V2 2V0

V
t

t 1

Ans.

t
2

t
2

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

Method : 2 (Analytical)
2

t
1 t
1 t
Total displacement (S) = 2 2 2 t 2 2

1 t
1 t
t

4
S 2 2
2 2
2

Time taken = =
t = 1

Ans.

S
2m

Q.1.4 (a)

average velocity =
20 s

(b)

2
= 0.1 m/s = 10 cm/s Ans.
20
S

1.4

Velocity will be maximum when slope of S (t) curve will be maximum.

V=

1.4 0.4
m/s = 25 cm/s
14 10

0.4

Ans.

10

14

(c)

Q.1.5

Instanteneous velocity may be equal to mean velocity when

slope of line joining final and initial point will be same to
slope at point on curve. Ans. : to = 16 s

Velocity of B with respect to A : VB A V2 V1

16 s
approx

Position of B with respect to A : rB A rB rA r2 r1
v1
A

v2

A
r1

VB A

B
r2

Particle B will be collide with A if velocity of B with respect A is directed toward observer A.

V2 V1
r2 r1

Then VB A || rB A V
B A rB A Then
|
r2 r1 | Ans.
| V2 V1 |
N

Q.1.6

VW E = 15 km/hr
60
W

Y
VS E = 30 km/hr
E

VS E = 30 i; VW E 15 cos 60 i 15 sin 60 j

VW S (15 cos 60 30) i 15 sin 60 j VS E VW E

15 sin 60

| VW S | (15 cos 60 30) 2 (15 sin 60) 2 40 km/hr tan

15 cos 60 30

19 Ans

Method 2
30 km/hr
60
15 km/hr

we know VW S VW E VS E

VW S

2
2
| VW S | VW
E VS E 2 VW E VS E cos 60 40 km/hr Ans.

15 sin 60
= 19
30 15 cos 60

from figure : tan =

Person : 1
2 km/hr

Q.1.7

Time to cross the river : t =

d
(i)
2.5 cos

2.5 km/hr

from figure : sin =

2
4
3
d
cos =
Put in (i) : t =
(ii)
2.5 5
5
1.5

Person : B
x
2 km/hr
d
2.5 km/hr

Using trigonometry :

x = d tan 1

Time to reach at destination point : t = t1 + t2 Here t1 = Time to cross the river =

t2 = Time to walk on bank =
from (ii) and (iii) :

d
2.5

x d tan
2
4
d
d 4

t=

And tan =
(iii)
u
u
2.5 5
2.5 u 5

d
d
4d

u = 3 km/hr
1.5 2.5 5u

Ans.

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

Q.1.8

tA =

Boat A :

time to reach again at same point.

d
d

VW VW

(i) where V = Speed of boat w.r.t. river

W = Speed of water w.r.t. earth.

2d

Boat B :

Time to reach again at same point. tB =

d
V

tA
Also given V = (iii) now t B

d
d

2d
2

(ii)

V2 W2

tA
2 1 t
B

2 1

= 1.8s

1.9: Method : 1

Vm r

Time to cross the river: t = | V

mr | cos

Vr E

d
Then Drift (x) = (Vm r sin Vr E) V cos Since Vm r < Vr E . Hence
mr
this is not possible that drift will be zero. Hence we should have to minimize
dx
drift (x). Hence
=0
d

d sec2

30

90

(Vr E ) d
Vm r 1

sec tan = 0 sin =

= 30
Vmr
Vr E 2

Angle made by boat with flow velocity of water = 30 + 90 = 120 Ans.

Method : 2 (Vector addition method)

Vm r

Vm E Vm r Vr E Hence will taken any value between

Vr E

(0 180) hence we can draw a semi circle of radius of length | Vm r | . Then.

5
C

C2
C3

C1

C4

Vmr

Vr E

Vr E

And resultant is given by C1, C2, C3 and C4, ....... Cn. But for minimum drift resultant must be
Vmr
1

= 60
Vr E 2

tangent at semicircle. Then cos =

Then = 180 60 = 120

1.10: Relative acceleration of particle (1) w.r.t. (2) = g g = 0; Relative velocity

of particle (1) w.r.t. (2) = V 1
= V0

V02 V02 2V0 V0 cos (90 )

2 (1 sin ) Where 90 is angle b/w two velocity..

V0
2

V0

= 60

Since there is no relative acceleration of particle (1) hence its relative velocity
does not change w.r.t time then. Distance b/w two particle at time t is : Distance = V0 t

2 (1 sin )

= 22 m Ans.
3 m/s

4 m/s

x (+)

Q.1.11 : Method : 1 (Vector)

+ y

Initial velocity in y direction

of both particle zero. Hence vertical velocity of particles (1) at time t : Vy = u + at Vy = g t; Velocity

of particle (1) at time t = : V1 3 i g t j ; Velocity of particle (2) at time t : V2 4 i g t j

Since V1 V2 V1 . V2 0 Then 12 + g2 t2 = 0 t = 0.12 s. Hence distance between two
particle will be : Distance = Vrelative t = (4 (3))

0.12 = 7

0.12 2.5 m

Ans.

Method : 2 (Graphical) : Since V1 V2 + = 90

= 90 tan = tan (90 ) tan = cot
tan tan = 1

(i)

gt
gt
And tan =
tan =
3
4

3 m/s

V1

gt

gt

4 m/s

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

gt gt
put in (i): 1
3 4

t =

0.12

Distance = Vrel time = 7 0.12 2.5 m

Ans.

1.12 : Method : 1 (Velocity of approach) Since particle A heading to particle B and B to C and C
to A. Then position of all particle at t = dt is as figure 2.
B

60

Vdt

Vdt

Vdt

V
60

60
A

Vdt

Vdt

Vdt

Vdt
Vdt

Vdt

Again position of all particle at

t = 2 dt is as figure 3.
B

30

30
C

Again position at t = 3 dt and so on ........ Since at any time

all particle travel same distance then at each moment of time,
all particle will be at equilateral tringle. Then by symmetry you
can say that all particle will be met at centriod of tringle then
path of each particle will as :
Suppose at any instant of time, distance b/w particle A and
centriod P is r. Then, line joing particle A and P make 30 angle
dr
with side of equilateral tringe then
will always constant and A
dt
dr
equal to v cos 30 then
= V cos 30, ()ive sign because
dt
r is dicreasing function. Finally r = 0 while initial r a / 3
0

a
3

dr

v cos 30

a/
30
a/
2

dt
0

t =

2a
a
A P =
sec 30 =
3V
2

a
3

Ans.

7
Method : 2 (Relative approach)
let distance b/w A and B at time t is r then. At any instant of time, rate of decreasement of
distance b/w two particle A and B will be constant as shown in figure.
0
s6
co 6
0
V

co
s6
0

60 V

B
11

V cos 60
V

60
V

11

11

dr
3V
Then
= (V + V cos 60) =

dt
2

2 dr

3V

dt

dt

3a
V

t =

Ans.

1.13: Suppose at time t distance b/w A and B is r. Then rate of decreasement of r is :

o

v + u cos

dr

0 (v u cos ) dt l = vt + u 0 cos dt.... (i)

Now since

B u

0 dx 0 (V cos u) dt

0 cos dt =

cos dt is not known then to find this integration,

dx
we use rate of decreasement of component: Then
= V cos
dt

+ u

dr
=
dt

0 = ut V

ut
now put in (1) : l = vt + u
V

ut

0 cos

dt

t= 2

V u2

1.14: With frame of train : With frame of train, train appear in rest

then distance b/ there two event is equal to l.

With frame of earth : When event (1) will happen. Velocity of train is V = u + at = wt. Since
event (2) will be happen after time then. Distance travelled

u1 t1 + a t21 = wt() + ww t Then distance

b/ two events is =

w t 2

= 0.24 km.

Ans.

event 1

by headlight (A) = Distance travelled by head light (B) =

B
event 2
B

w (t + /2)

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

It we want that both event will be happen at same point then velocity of reference frame

0.24 km
= 4 m/s Ans.
60

will be Vreference frame =

shaft
2

1.15: (a)

a=1.2 m/s

For observer inside lift at t = 2s. velocity of bolt = 0

Accn of bolt = 10 + 1.2 = 11.2 m/s2. Then assume t time is taken by

bolt to reach at floor. s =
(b)

at2 2.7 =
11.2 t2 t = 0.7s

2.7m

Velocity of bolt with respect to ground at t = 2 sec.

V =1.22 = 2.4 m/s Displacement then S= ut +

Distance : H =
1.3 m

at S = 2.4 (0.7) 10 (.7)2 0.7 m

. 2.4
= 0.288 Distance travelled = 2 0.288 + 0.7
2g

H
2.4m/s

Ans.
0.7m

1.16: Method : 1 (Relative velocity) from figure

V1

V2

tan = V cos =
1

V12

V22

y V2
V2
1 V2
also tan = V y = 1 V BC = 2 V
1
1
1
1

V
1 2
Shortest distance = CM = BC cos = 2
V1
1

V12 V22
V1

V1
V2

V1

1
2

V2

y
B
M
C

Shortest distance
=

| 2 V1 1 V2 |

V12

V22

now t =

V1 1 V2 2
V12 V22

Ans.

AM
V12

V22

AB BM
V12

V22

1 sec CM tan
V12

V22

V 1 V2 2
V12 V22

9
Method : 2 (Velocity of approach)
At shortest distance velocity of approach = 0. Then V1 cos = V2 sin tan =
V2 t
V
1
In tringle A B O : tan =
V1 t
V2

V22 t l2 V2 = l1 V1 V21 t t =

V2
1

V1 V2
V12

Ans.

V22

A
V1t

( V1 t) (V2 t )

And Shortest distance is :

Shortest distance =

90

V12 V22

V2
V2t 2

( V1 t) 2 (V2 t ) 2

... (1). for shortest

1 V1t

distance

t=

dl
= 0
dt

V1 V2
V12 V22

2 ( V1 t) V1 2 (V2 t ) V2
= 0

( V t) 2 (V t ) 2

Ans.

1.17:

put value of t in (1) :

| V1 V2 |
Ans.

V12 V22

Method : 1
Time to reach at point D : T =

1 V1t

Method :3

V1t

V2t

V1

V1 V2

V1

V1
V2

m tan sec

. For
V
V/n

dT

n
minimum time :
= 0 Then
sec2 +
sec
d
V
V

1
tan = 0 sec = n tan sin =
. Then

distance BC = l tan BC =
Ans.

m
m tan
A

tan

10

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

Method: 2 (Help of light wave)
medium (1)

We know that light travel via that path in which time will be

sin

length BC = l tan =

sin i
speed in medium (1)
sin 90 V

less. Then.
=
sin
speed in medium (2)
sin
V

medium (2)

2 1

Ans.

WX

1.18:

1m/s

3
1

1m/s

Distance

1.19: (a)

Mean velocity in irodov is misprint and it is mean speed then mean speed =

(b) Mean velocity =

And

2R

Ans. (c) We know ....(i)

2
t2 2
ii from

2
2
(i) and (ii) : 2
now V = RW then

2 R
0
2
Vf Vc

V= R
. Average accleration :
=

R
Ans.

Avg. Accn =

2 R
2

Ans.

B
R

Time taken =

11
1.20: This is one dimension motion be cause direction of position vector r is same as constant

vector a . Then r a t (1 t) a t t 2 a
(a)
(b)

d r

dv

V
a 2t a a cc
2 a V
a (1 2 t)
dt
dt

At initial position t = 0 r = 0 Now at final position r = 0 then. a t (1 t) = 0

t = 0 ro

t =

Ans.

B At point B velocity will be equal to zero so

Initial A

that particle will be turn back. Then 0 = a (1 2t)

r = a

a
a

4
4

1.21: (a)

t =

Then position B is :

4 . The Distance travelled in up and down journcy is:

a
Ans.
2

V = V0 (1 t/)

dx

x then : x = V0 t t 2

(b)

Ans.

t2
t

V0 1 dt x = V0 t
2
0

Position at time t is

t=

Ans.

B
C

Henc we see that velocity will change dirn at t = because When t > v =
t

And t < v = ive. Then Case I : t < x V0 t l 2

Ans.

Case II : t >

Total distance travelled = AB + BC

t
V0 V0
t

= V0 l 2 V0 l 2 V0 t l 2 = 2 2 V0 t l 2

Distance = V0 V0 t l 2

1.22 : (a) v = x x
a =

when t >

Ans.

differentiate w. r. t. time :

dv 1
1 dx
x 2
dt 2
dt

1
12
x
x 2
2

1 2
1 2
Since acceleration is constant; velocity will be : V = u + at V =
t
2
2

12

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

(b)

S = ut +

1 2
1
at S =
2
2

<V> =

2
t

s s
2 s
Mean velocity <V> = t
2 s

t =

Ans.

1.23: Calculation of time : w = a v ( i ve sign is used to show deacceleration)

0

dv
= a v
dt

v0

dv
v

to

a dt

t0 =

V0 2

Ans.

a
0

dv
a v
Calculation of distance : a v v
dx

x0
2

dv a

v0

dx x

V0 2
3a

1.24 : (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

1.25: (a)

(b)

r at i bt 2 j x = at y = bt2 y = b

dr
v
a i 2bt j v a i 2bt j
dt

| a | 2b

x
a2y = bx2
a

Ans.

dv

2
2 2 a
2b j a 2b j
| v| a 4b t
dt

Since direction of acceleration is toward y dirn then angle made by velocity vector with y axis
y
a
is known as angle b/w two vectors then. tan =
Ans.
2bt

x
s at i bt 2 j
a
Vmean
Vmean a i bt j | Vmean | a 2 b 2 t 2

t
t

x
x = at y = at (1 t) y = x 1 a

2bt

Ans.

dv y
dx

= a ay =
= a 2 a t v a i (a 2a t) j | v | a 2 (a 2a t) 2
dt
dt

dv

2a j | a | 2a
| v | a 1 (1 2 t) 2 a
Ans.
dt

vx =

13
Method : 1
a (2a t)

(c)

acceleration = 2a

Velocity =
a

1
2a (a 2a t)
a .v

1
2
cos = | a | | v | 2
a (a 2a t) 2 (2a ) 2 t =

Method : 2
tan

a
a = a 2 a t t =
a 2a t

Ans.

y
x
x = a sin wt y = a (1 cos wt) a 1 = cos wt (i)
= sin wt (ii)
a

1.26 :

dx dy
x y
i
j
1 1 x2 + (y a)2 = a2 Equation of circle of radius a. v
a a

dt
dt

v a w cos wt i aw sin wt j | v | a w = const. Uniform circular motion.

(a)

Distance travelled in time is = (aw) Ans.

(b)

Since motion is uniform circular motion. Hence only radial acceleration is

present then Angle b/w velocity vector and accn will be
Ans.

(0, a)

1.27 : y = ax bx2 differentiate w.r.t. time :

dy
dx
dx
a
b 2x
Vy = a Vx 2bx Vx
dt
dt
dt

At x = 0 Vy = a Vx (ii) differentiate equation (i) w.r.t. time :

dVy
dt

(i)

dVx
dVx
2bx
2bVx2
dt
dt

ay = a ax 2bx ax 2b Vx2 At x = 0 Given ax = 0 and ay = w ay = | 2b Vx2 | w = 2b Vx2 (iii)

Speed at origin will be : V =

Vx2 Vy2 =

w a2 w
w

V =
(1 + a2)
2b
2b
2b

Ans.

g
1.28 :

(a)

1
1
s u t a t 2 s V0 t g t 2
2
2

Ans.

14

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

(b)

1
v v0 g t
2

g
Ans.

2 u sin
v0 . g

g v 0 . g 2
we know T =

u
sin

0
g
g
2 g g

v0 . g

v v 0 g
g2
y

1.29 : (a)

2 V0 sin
1
S = 0 in y direction 0 = (V0 sin ) T g T2 T =
g
2

V0 sin

V0

(b)

At maximum height final velocity in y direction = 0 Vy 2 = uy 2 + 2 aH

02 = (V0 sin )2 + 2 (g) H H =

R=

(c)

2V0 sin
V02 sin 2

Range R = V0 cos

g
2g

V02 sin 2 2V02 sin cos

V02 sin 2

when H = R
tan = 4 = tan 1 (4)
g
2g
g

1
x = (v0 cos ) t y = (v0 sin ) t
g t2 y = v0 sin
2
gx 2
y = x tan
Ans.
2u 2 cos2

x
x

v0 cos 2 v0 cos

V0
V2
R0 =
g cos
normal acceleration

Radius of currature =

A
V0

V0 cos

RA =

V02

cos
g

Ans.

1.30 : w = g sin andw = g cos Here is first dicreasing and then

increasing and projection of total accn on velocity vector

will be ()ive then. wv = w1 .v = g sin

wn = g cos

wn
g

=w
w

in
gs

V
w

V0

(d)

V0 cos

wV

15
y

h
2g

sin

h
2g

2gh

V0 = 2gh

s
co

O
sin

1.31 :

h
2g

Just before collision

Just after collision

x

Time to collide with incline T =

2 uy
g cos

2 2gh cos
g cos

2 2g
g

Length MO = (velocity in MO) T = 2gh cos sin 2gh cos sin

2 2gh cos sin ) 2 2gh

MO

Range OC = (MO) sin =

=
R = 8 h sin
g cos
cos

1.32: We know R =

Ans.

u 2 sin 2
() sin 2
5.1 103 =
1 = 32.5. Also we know that range
g
g

usin
g

will be same for 2 = 90 31.5 = 59.5. Then time of flight will be: T1 =
240 sin 31.5
T1 =
= 24.3s = 0.41min
10

m/s
240

Ans.

240 sin 59.5

T2 =
= 42.3s = 0.69 min Ans.
10

1.33:

5.110 m

Method: 1
. For both particles x and y co-ordinate must be same then.
Particle (1): y = x tan 1

Particle (ii): y = x tan 2

From (i) and (ii) :

g x2
2 V02

/s
250 m

.... (i)

cos 1
g x2

2 V02 cos 2 2

x tan 1 g x 2

60
.... (ii)

2V02 cos 2 1

= x tan 2 gt

= v0

v0
m/s =
250

45=

2V02 cos 2 2

16

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

x=

V02 sin (1 2 ) cos 1 cos 2

x
.... (iii) Time for particle (1) : t1 = V cos
2
2
g
cos 1 cos 2
0
1

x
x 1
1
TIme for particle (ii) : t2 = V cos Then t = V cos cos .... (iv)
0
1
2
0
2

Put value of x on (iv) : t =

2 V0 sin (1 2 )

g cos 1 cos 2 = 11s

Ans.

Method: 2
Particle (1) :

x = V0 cos (t + t) .... (i) y = V0 sin (t + t)

Particle (2) : x = V0 cos (t).... (iii) y = V0 sin (t)

(iii) and (iv): t =

2V0 sin (1 2 )

g cos 1 cos 2 = 11s

g (t + t)2 .... (ii)

2
gt .... (iv) From (i), (ii),

Ans.
y

v0

V0
1.34 : (a) tan = ay Time to reach at hight y : t = y/V0

vx = ay

dx
Also
= ay
dt

x
t
dx
dx aV0 t dt
= a [V0 t]
dt
0
0

aV0 t 2
a V0 y

x=

2
2 V0

(b)

ay = 0

ax =

a
x =
2 V0

2
y

Ans.

dVx
a dy

= aVy = aV0 anet = aV0

dt
dt

= aV0 cos a =

a V0 (ay)
V02 (ay) 2

a2 y
1 (ay/V0 ) 2

Tangential acceleration = a
Ans.

Radial accn or normal accn : (an) = a V0 sin an = a V0

a y
V0

Ans.

17
a
x = at .... (i) Vy = (a t) b
bx

1.35: (a) tan =

y

dy ab

Then y =

(b)

t dt

ab x

2 a

ax = 0

ab t 2
y
2

anet

ay =

Vy
bx=
v

b
y = x2
2a

dVy
dt

an

Ans.

dx
= ab anet = ab Then normal accn : an = anet cos
dt

anet = ab Then an = ab

a xb

R= b
a

a = vx

a
a 2 (bx) 2

R =

V2
(a 2 b 2 x 2 ) 3/2

an
a2 b

Ans.

1.36:

Method: 1 (Work-Energy)

Tangential accn is given by : | w | a . = a cos

Suppose at time t particl e at poseti on A and in smal l time dt particl e displacement

by ds.

Work done : dw = Ft ds = (ma cos) ds = ma (ds cos) dw =

(ds) cos ma

ds cos

Using work energy theorem : W = max

mV2 = max

V =

ds

a
x

ma (ds cos) = ma

a x

Ans.

18

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

Method : 2 (Kinematics)

Tangential accn : at = a . = a cos. Also since we know
d| v |
that tangential accn is rate of change of speed then.
dt
v dv
= a cos
= a cos v dv = a (ds) cos = a dx
ds
v

v dv

a dx

v2
= ax v =

ds V

dx

Ans.

a x

1.37: Angle travel by particle: = 2n. Speed of particle : v = Rw = at w =

at
d

R
dt
t2 =

2n

at

ds R dt
0

at 2
2R

t2 =

nR

nR
2
a 2 4 n R
a2 t2
Now : Radial accn : ar = V R
=
a
R
a
R

= 4na Tangential accn : at =

Total accn = a

dv
V2

dt
R

dt

V0

tR
V0

V
1

dv
v2
= v
a 2t a 2r = at at =
ds
R

dv

ar

() sign because

V0
V0 t

v dv =

Where ds = distance travel by particle in time dt. v dv =

V

a 2 (4 na) 2

Ans.

V 2 dV

V0

V 1

a 2r a 2t =

V2
Since at is rate of change of speed then.
R

V is decreasing

anet =

dv
= a Total accn =
dt

1 (4n) 2 = 0.8 m/s2

1.38: (a) At any time t : at = ar =

(b)

2n =

ds
R n

V S

V0 R

Then V = V0 eS/R at =

v2
dt
R
v2
ds
R
V 2 e 2S/R
v2
0
R
R

at
Given
at = ar
at t = 0
u = V0

19

anet =

V02 2 e 2S/R
V2

R
R

1.39:

anet =

V02 2
R e 2S/R

V2
R

Ans.

Method : 1

v = a s Squaring both side : v = as

at

ar

a
Compare with : v2 = u2 + 2 accS u = 0 acc =
2
Hence motion is constant magnitude tangential accn. Then.
At

as
V2
=
R
R

any time t : at = a/2 ar =

at

Since we know that velocity vector and tangential accn is parallel then.
a

as

2S

r
tan a R a/2 R
t

Ans.

ar
Method : 2
dv
ds
dv
a
a = a
= av
2
t
dt
dt
dt

v2 = as differiate w.r.t time : 2v =

2
ar = V

as

1.40 : (a) = a sin wt now

tan =

ar

at

2S
R

= 0 t = 0

d
a w cos wt
= a t = 2 , 3 2 , V =
dt

Ans.
y

wt
a sin
=

dv
a w 2 sin wt Then at = aw2 sin wt
a =
dt

ar =

V 2 a 2 w 2 cos 2 wt

anet =
R
R

anet = aw2

at t = 0

sin 2 wt

a2
R2

cos 4 wt

a 2t a 2r

(i)

a2w 2
anet = aw2 Ans.
= 0 at t = 2 or 3 2 anet =
R

20

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

(b)

da net
0 cos wt = R
2 a put in equation(i)
dt

For minimum value of acceleration

amin = aw

R
1
2a

= a 1
2a

= a 1

Speed of particle when distance is S. V2 = 2aS (i)

1.41:

S=

R2
2 a2

Ans.

(Because a = const.)

2S
1 2
at t2 =
a
2

a =

a
4

t
wn = b

4bS2
2S
Then wn = b 2
a
a

Radius of curvature : R =

w=

Net accn :

a 2T

V 2 2aSa 2
a3

R
=
wn
2bS
4bS2

w 2n

1.42: (a) y = ax2 diff. w.r.t. time :

4bS2
a
a2

w =

Ans.

Ans.

dy
dx
2ax
Vy = 2ax Vx
dt
dt

Again diff. w.r.t. time : ay = 2ax ax + 2aVx2

x

At x = 0 Vy = 0 Then Vx = v ay = 2aV2
Since speed is const. its tangential acceleration will be zero. Then
2
dV
V2
1
V
2

ax =
= 0 anet = 2 a V R =
R =
a
2
n 2av
dt
2a

(b)

x2
a

y2
b

2x Vx

= 1 diff. w.r.t. time :

Again diff. w.r.t. time :

At x = 0 and y = b :

2x a x
a2
2 Vx2
a2

2 Vx2
a2
2 ay
b

2y Vy
b2

2y a y
b2
2 Vy2
b2

Ans.

2Vy2
b2

0
V0

21
2 V02

As shown in figure : Vy = 0 and Vx = V0

2 ay
b

0 ay =

Since speed is Const. tangential accn = ax = 0 at; t = 0 anet =

V02

Radius of curvature : R =

R =

an

V02
b
a

1.43 :

Given

V02

R =

a2

a2
b

b
a

V02

V02

Ans.

d
d(2)
d
2
= w = const. Then
= 2w = const.
dt
dt
dt

Hence angular velocity of point A w.r.t. point P is

constnat then. WP = 2W and velocity will be perpendicular

to position of A w.r.t. P then V = R WP = 2RW
Since WP = const.

dWP
0
dt

Ans.

Then Tangential accn = 0

Radial accn = R WP2 = 4 RW2 = anet Direction is toward the centre.

1.44 :

= at2

Ans.

d
dw
= w = 2at
= = 2a
dt
dt

Tangential acceleration : at = R = 2aR Radial acceleration

2

2 2

: ar = RW = R (2at) = 4 a t R

at
ar

And. v = RW = R 2at 2at = v R (i)

Now anet =

a 2t a 2r = 2aR

from (i) : anet =

1.45 :

1 (2at 2 ) 2

v
1 (2at 2 ) 2 = 0.7 m/s Ans.
t

l
1
Since acceleration is constant. l =
at2 and
a
V
2
Vt
V = at Then l =
(i) and also. angular acceleration is const. then
2
1
1
=
t2 and w = at then =
wt and since particle taken n turn in its journey..
2
2

22

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

= 2 n
(I)

1.46 :

V
2v

(II) : 2 W W =

= at bt3 w =

Wavg

Ans.

d
= a 3bt2 when body is in rest then w = 0 a 3bt2 = 0
dt

a
in = 0 and final = t (a bt2) =
3b

t =

final in
=
=
t

Win = a and Wfinal

And. =
1.47 :

1
wt (ii)
2

Now 2 =

3b
a

2a 3

2a
3

2a
3b 3

Ans.

3b
a
Wfinal Win

= a 3b 3b = 0 avg =

t

dw
= 6bt = 6b
dt

a
= 2
3b

3ab

a
a

0dw 0 dt

w =

3ab Ans.

3b

Ans.
y

Given = = at To find tangential accn : (a t) : at = R = Rat

To find radial accn : (ar) : =

at

dw
ar = Rw2
dt

ar
x

at 2
R a2 t4
at dt
ar =
0
2
4
t

at

Then

ar
R a2 t4
tan = a tan =
t = 3
4R a t
t

4
tan 7 s Ans.
a

ar

1.48 :

Given

W = angular accn. = k

dW
k W
d

W k = const.
0

()ive because W is decreasing.

W0

dw

k d
0

23
3

2 W0 2
3k

(i)

= Angular displacement. Also = k

0

dW = k

W dt

dw

1
2

k dt 2W0
0
k

t (ii)

Avg. angular velocity : Wavg

1.49: (a) Given W = W0 a (i). At

d
Also
= W0 a
dt

(b)

2 W0 2

= <W> =
=
t

t = 0

W0 a

2 W0 2
3 k
k

= 0

W0
3

1
dt
n (W0 a)
0
a

W0 a
W0
at =
(1 e at )
W0
a

Ans.

W = W0

t
0

Ans.

W0
at
Put value of in equation (i) : W = W0 a a (1 e ) W = W0 eat Ans.

dW
1.50: Given = 0 cos = W
= 0 cos
d
w

w dw 0

W = 2 0 sin

cos d
Ans.

w 2 0 sin

W2
= 0 sin
2

0 cos

2 0

w 2 0 sin

1.51: (a) Instanteneous axis of rotation is passing through that point

which velocity is zero always. If we observe carefully its

y
A

point must be at line joining AB. Then. at time t :

VP 0 = RW = Rt = yt

24

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

y

x = vt (i) Velocity of point P :

VP = 0
y=
(b)

v
v
v = ty x = v y t = y

v2
x

P (x, y)

yt

put in (i)

Ans.

Velocity of point O = 0
y

VO P = Rw VP = u + at = wt
O

yw = RW

wy
yw = wt t =
w

Then

(x, y)
x
P

wy
1 2
1

x=
at =
w
2
2
w

1 w2y2
2 w

x =

Ans.

1.52 : Since there is no slipping at ground. VC = 0 V = RW where VC = velocity of contact point.

To find distance, we have to find speed of a particle of rim then. = wt Time to one complets
v 2 v 2 2 v v cos ( ) = 2 v sin /2 = 2V sin (wt)/2 Again

journey = 2/w VP =

s
ds
= 2 v sin wt/2 ds 2 v
dt
0

2 w

sin wt/2 dt S =

8v
= 8 R
w

Ans.

1.53: (a) Acceleration of point C : aC = w Velocity of point

C at time t : VC = u + at = wt
Angular accn of ball about its centre:

w w

R R R Angular velocity of ball at

w
time t : w = w0 t =
t Velocity of point A
R
=

aC

w.r.t. centre C : VA C

R
C

= RW = w t i VC E = w t i VA E = 2 w t

Ans.

25
A

wt
y

wt
x

y
C

Point B :

wt

wt

VBC = Rw = wt ( j) VCE = wt i VBE = wt (i j) VBE = wt Ans.

Point O : VOC = wt i VCE = wt i VOE = O Ans.
(b)

Acceleration Calculations :
A

wt

wt

at

ar
C

Point A:
x

aCE = wi .... (i) aAC = at i ar j Where at = tangential acceleration. ar = radial acceleration.

at = R = w ar =

v2

(i) + (ii) : aAE = 2 wi

(wt) 2

w2 t2
w2 t2
aAC = wi
j .... (ii)
R
R

w2 t2
j aAE = 2w
R

wt 2

2R

Ans.

26

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

y

Point B : a CE = wi .... (i) a BC

v2

= (R) j + R

i =

C R

w2 t2
wj
i .... (ii)
R

(i) + (ii) :

w2 t2

= w R

i + w j aB = w

P oint O: a CE = w i .... (i) a

w i

OC

wt 2

2R

v2
= (R) i +
R

Ans.

j =

w2 t2
j .... (ii)
R

w2 t2
w2 t2
a OE =
j aOE =
Ans.
R
R

(i) + (ii) :

2V

1.54 : Velocity of point A = 2v Velocity of point B = v acc

of point A = v

Again

B v

2V

Radius of curvature =

2
accn of point B = v

(speed) 2
(2V)2
RA =
= 4R
V 2 /R
normal acceleration
2

v
Again an =
cos 45 =
R

v2
2R

RB =

(V 2 )

v R

v2

2 2R

2R
1.55 :

Method : 1 (axis is rotating):

w12 =

w 12

w 22

w 10 = w1 i

45

V
V 2
x

an

w 10 = w2 j w 12 = w1 i w2 j

dw 1 2
dj
d i
d i

12 =
= w1
w2
direction of
is toward y axis and
dt
dt
dt
dt

this is rate of change of dirn of x axis.

27
y

w2

w2
x

w1
x

Method : 2 (axis is not rotating)

w 1C = w1 cos i + w1 sin k w C0 = w2 j w 10 = w1

cos i + w1 sin k + w2 j | w 1 0 |

w12

w 22

w2

w2

1
C
w1

= w2 = w1 w2 sin i + w1 w2 cos k
dt

| | = w1 w2. Here x axis is directly attached with observer. Then

d i
| d i |
d

= w2 k | d i | 1 d
= w2
dt
dt
dt

But

d
d
d w 1 0

= w1 sin dt i + w1 cos dt k
dt

And

y
y axis

1 unit
d
1 unit

passing

j
di
i

d j

= 0 Because with frame of this observed dirn of axis does not rotating then. 12 =
dt

w1 w2 k

12 = w1 w2

dw

1.56 : w = at i + b t2 j
= a i + 2b t j (a)
dt

(b) | | at

cos

2ab t
1

b
1 t
a

w .

w = w cos cos
w

a 2 t 2b2 t 3
a2 t 2 b2 t 4

| w | at

a 2 4b2 t 2

= 17

Ans

28

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

y

1.57: Method : 1 (axis are moving): It we see carefully

then x axis is moving while y direction is not rotating.
Angular velocity of disc with respect to centre M

V
x
is : WM O i .... (i) Angular velocity of centre
R

V
j OM = R cot
M w.r.t. origen. WM O
OM

1 tan 2

y axis

V
[ i tan j ]
quantity it follow vector addition law WD O
R

V
WM O tan j . Since angular velocity is vector
R

V
| WD O |
R

V
Ans.
R cos

y axis

j
di

i
z

V d i
d j
dw

Again Angular acceleration () is :

R dt tan dt
dt

And since y dirn is constant

V

R

d j
d i
= 0 But
| di | = d
dt
dt

d i
d

dt
dt

= wM O

di
V

tan k
dt
R

2
2
V

tan k V tan k | | V tan

R
2
2

R
R

Method : 2 (axis are not rotating)

angular velocity of disc w.r.t. M : WDM =

V
cos i +
R

V
sin j angular velocity of M w.r.f. O
R

V
V
j
tan j angular velocity of disc
: WM O
R cot
R

wrt O: W DO = W

DM

+ W M 0 W

DO

V
=
cos i
R

D
M

w0 =

V
V
V

sin j
tan j | WM O | cos sin tan
R
R
R

V
R

V
Ans.
R cos

29

dw D O
V
V
d
d
d
D O

sin i cos j 0 and

is angular velocity of M w.r.t.
dt
R
R
dt
dt
dt

0:

d/dt =

V2
V2
V2
V
j |
i +
tan D O
sin

tan

cos

tan

|
=
D

O
R
R2
R2
R2

tan Ans.
1.58 :

Method : 1 : (Direction of Co-ordinate axis is fixed)

At time t line AB rotate by angle then

WP A =

w0 cos i + w0 sin k t j

| WP A | =
w 20 cos 2 w 20 sin 2 20 t 2

| WP A | = w0

t
0
w0

w0

Now

d
d WP A
d
k 0 j

W 0 sin ( i )
W 0 cos

dt
dt
dt

= W0 0t sin i + W0 0 t cos k + 0 j | |

| | 0 1 w 20 t 2

w0

w 20 02 t 2 20

Ans.

Method : 2 (x axis is moving) : Here we take line AB along

t 2

x dirn. WP A w 0 i 0 t j | WP A | w 0 1
w2

y
0

w0
P

dw P A
d i
d j

w0
0 t
0 j
dt
dt
dt

But
Ans.

d j
0 z
Here
dt

di
ds
d i

k 0 t k = w0 t k + j
= t k Then
dt
dt
dt

| | 0 1 w 02 t 2 2

30

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

F

1.2 The F undamentals Equation of Dynamcis

1.59: Where F is force due to air which will be constant then. mg F
= mw .... (1). When m mass is taken then F (m m) g + (m
m) w .... (ii) From (i) and (ii) : m =

m m

2 mw
Ans.
w

mg

(m m) g

1.60 : Net pulling force = ( m) a m0g k m1 g k m2

m2

m1

m 0 k (m1 m 2 )
g = (m1 + m2 + m0) a a = m m m g Ans.
1
2
0

km2g

km1g
m0

F. B. D of m2 :
a
T

m2

m0 g

k m2 g
T k m2 g = m2 a. Put value of a then

(1 k) m 0
T = m m m m2 g
0
1
2

Ans.

1.61 : (a) Pulling force F = m1 g sin + m2 g sin k1 m1 g cos k2 m2 g cos . Then acceleration
a is : a =

g sin (m1 m2) g cos (k1 m1 k 2 m 2 )

.... (i)
m1 m 2

F. B. D of m1 : N = Normal force between two blocks. m2 g sin + N + k1 m1 g cos = m1

a .... (ii) put value of (a) in (ii) : N =

a
m2

g
m1

si

Ans.

os
gc

os
N 1g c
m
k1

m2
s k2
co

in
gs

m1

m1

(b)

g
m1
k1

si n

(k1 k 2 ) m1 m 2 cos
m1 m 2

For minimum value of acceleration will be zero and friction force will at maxm value then
0 = [g sin (m1 + m2) g cos (k1 m1 + k2 m2)] / m1 +m2 tan =

k1 m1 k 2 m 2
m1 m 2

31

1 2
at where V = final velocity in this situation Vf = 0
2

1.62 : Upward Journey : We know S = Vt

Then =

1
(g sin + g cos ) t2
2

(i)
=

t = Time taken in upward journey.

a=

Downward journey : We know S = ut +

1 2
at u = initial
2

u=

(i)

and u = 0 now :

a=

(ii)

2 1
g sin ug cos 1

= g sin ug cos 2 = 2
tan

1
(g sin g cos ) (t)2 (ii)
2

velocity. Then =

(g

s in

os
gc

(g

)
a
cos
g

si n

Ans.

m2
1.63 : (a) Starts coming down. m2g > m1 g sin + fmax m2g > m1 g sin + k m1 g cos m
1
m2
> sin + k cos (b) m1 g sin > m2 g + k m1 g cos g sin > m + k cos
1
m2
m2
m1 < g sin k cos (c) At rest : Friction will be static : g sin k cos < m1 <

m2g

si n

a
fm

ax

g
m

ax

fm

sin

m2g

g
1

sin

fm

ax

m2

gc

os

sin + k cos

m2g

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

s

32

k
=

fm

m2
m2g

gs

m2 g > m1 g sin Block m 2 has tendency to

m2
Given m .
1

ax

2
m g 0.66 m1g Then
3 1

in

Here m2 g = m1 g =

and m1 g sin = m1 g sin 30 = m1 g/2 0.5 m1g

co

1.64: To find tendency of sliding check value of m2g

move down ward.

Then. Pulling force = m2g m1 g sin k m1 g cos acceleration a =

a =

g [ sin k cos ]
1

m 2 g m1 g sin k m1 g cos
m1 m 2

Ans.
fr = k m 2 g

1.65 : (a) Before no sliding b/w m1 and m2 :

m2
m1

F = at

F
at
F.B.D. of System : Acceleration of both block will be same. w1 = w2 = w = m m m m
1
2
1
2
fr
w
But friction b/w m1 and m2 will be static then. m1
m2
F = at
m1
m1 at
k m 2 g (m1 m 2 )
at
fr = m1 [w1] = m m < k m2 g t <
w1 = w2 = m m (i)
a
m
1
2
1
1
2

If

t > k m2 g
m2

km2 g

F = at
w2

F.B.D. of m1 :

Assume to =

(m1 m 2 )
. Sleeping b/w two block will be start then F.B.D. of m2 :
a m1

m1

w2 =
k m2 g

at km 2 g
m2

w1 =

k m2 g
m1

(ii) Ans.

(iii) Ans.

k m 2 g (m1 m 2 )
t > to : Slope of w2 >
a m1

w2

a
Slope of w1 = w2 because of Slope of w2 = m from
w =w
2

a
t
(ii) [After sliding] Slope of w1 = m m from (i) [Before sliding]
2
1
1

Slope w1 = 0 from (iii) [After sliding]

w1
2

33
1.66 :

F.B.D. of block : ma = mg sin k mg cos a = g sin kg cos

Time to reach at bottom : s = ut +

1 2
1
at sec =
(g sin kg cos ) t2
2
2

A
km
gc

R
k = coefficient of friction

os

mg

t2 =

s in

2 sec
2

t =
g (sin k cos )
g [sin cos k cos2 ]

2
g [sin cos k cos 2 ]

(i)

To minimise t (sin cos k cos2 ) will be minimum also. Assume. x = sin cos
k cos2 Now

dx
= 0 sin sin + cos2 + 2 k cos sin = 0
d

cos 2 = k sin 2 tan 2 = 1 k

Ans.

Put value of k : = 49 Put value of in equation (i) :

2 2.10

tmin =
1.67 :

10 [sin 49 cos 49 0.14 cos 2 49]

1.0 s.

Ans.

When block pull up Direction of friction will be downward.

F.B.D. of block : N = mg cos T sin fr = k (mg cos T sin ). At just sliding:

m k

sin
g
m

sin

mg sin k mg cos
Tmin
cos k sin
T

T cos = mg sin + k (mg cos T sin ) T =

s
co

m N
mg cos
mg

(cos + k sin ) min minimum value of cos + k sin = 1 k 2 Tmin =

mg (sin k cos )
1 k2

34

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

1.68 : (a) At time of breaking off the plane vertical component of

F must be equal to weight mg. Then F sin = mg = at sin

m dV

a cos
V

(b)

t1

=0

at cos dv

m
dt

mV
1 m2 g 2
m g 2 cos
mV
t2

V
=
a cos
2 a 2 sin 2
a cos
2
2 a sin 2

t dt

m dV

a cos

at

t = mg a sin . Motion equation of block : a1 = Accelration

of block. F cos = m a1 a1 =

t dt

Ans.

mV
t2

a cos
2

1.69 : Motion equation : = aS

mg
cos = m a1 a1 =
3

mg
g
cos =
cos
3m
3

acceleration of block of mass m. a1 =

v

3
g/
m

g
g
v dv
cos as ds
a1 =
cos as
3
3
0
0

v2
2

g sin as
2g
v2 =
sin as v =
3 a
3a
0
s

2g
a cos 2
sin as v =
t
3a
2m

3
2 3
a cos
ds
a
ds
t 2 dt s = a cos t s = m g cos

cos t 2
2m
dt 2 m
2 m x3
6 a 2 sin 3
0
0

1.70 :

Ans.

Method : 1

Motion of mass 2 m : T k2mg = 2 mw T = 2

2m
k2mg

mw + 2kmg

w
T

a
k mg

Motion of motor : T kmg = ma 2 mw + 2 k mg k mg = ma a = 2 w kg

Acceleration of 2 m w.r.t. m : a2m m = 2w kg + w = 3w kg Suppose in time t both
will be met then.

1
(3w kg) t2
2

t =

2
3w kg

Ans.

35
Method : 2
On system : Tension will be internal force hence k2 mg k mg = 2 mw + ma
a = 2w kg a2m m = 3 w kg then =

1.71: For observer inside elevator : a12 =

But in form of vector :

a1car

2
3w kg

1
(3w kg) t2 t =
2

m 2 g m1 g m 2 w 0 m1 w 0
(m 2 m1) (g w 0 )
=
m1 m 2
m1 m 2

(m 2 m1) (g w 0 )
=
Ans.
m1 m 2

shaft
2T

(m 2 m1) (g w 0 )
Acceleration of m1 w. r. t. shaft : a1shaft = a1car + acar =
m1 m 2
+ w0 a1shaft =

Ans.

(m 2 m1) m1 g m1 m 2 w 0
Ans.
m1 m 2

m1

m2
m1 g

m2g

2 m1 m 2 (g w 0 )
Tension in string : T m1 g = m1 a1shft T =
m1 m 2
Force applied by pulley on ceiling = 2 T =
4 m1 m 2
2T = m m (g w 0 )
1
2

w0

4 m1 m 2 (g w 0 )
as vector form:
m1 m 2

Ans.
a/2
T

1.72: Motion of body (2) : mg T/2 = ma 2 mg T

m

= 2 ma .... (i)
Motion of body (1): T mg sin = m a/2 .... (ii) from (1)

2g [2 sin ]
and (ii) :
Ans.
[ 1]
a1 a 2
1.73 : Equationof motion : T = m0 2 .... (i) m1g

s
mg

in

T/2
a

mg
a1 + a2
2

m0

= T/2 = m1 a1 .... (ii) m2 g T/2 = m2 a2 .... (iii)

T/2

4 m1 m 2 m 0 (m1 m 2 ). g
from (i), (ii) and (iii) : a1 = m m m (m m )
1 2
0
1
2

m1 mg

Ans.

a1

T/2

m2
m2g

a2

36

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

1.74: Motion equation on system: Mg mg = M a1 + m a2 .... (i) Motion equation

of m : fr mg = ma2 .... (ii) Since length of rod is then.
t2 .... (iii). From (i), (ii) and (iii)

: fr =

m m
(M m) t

1
(a + a2)
2 1
a1

Ans.

M
m

mg

Mg

1.75: = 100 cm T + mg = m a1 .... (i) + 2T mg = m

(i) and (ii) : a1 =
=

( 2) g
4

a1
.... (ii) from
2

3 a1
. Suppose t time is taken then
2

arel =

( 4)
1
arel t2 t = (2 ) g
2

1.76 : Motion equations T mg = ma

a2

Ans.

2T
nm

a1
2

.... (i) mg 2T = m a/2 ....

a1

nmg mg

2g ( 2)
(ii) from (i) and (ii) : a =
. When body
4
(1) travel h distance then in same time body (2) travel 2h distance
in upward dirn using constraint relation. Nowvelocity of body (2) Just
a
2

before string slack.

2T

V2 = 2a (2h). It body (2) travel x distance again then V2 = 2a (2h) = 2gx

a

mg

x =

mg

2 ah
2 ah
6h
h
g . Total hight from ground : 4 = g
4

Ans.

1.77: F. B. D. of N sin = m a2 .... (i) F. B. D. of rod : mg N cos = m a1 .... (ii) Constraints:

a2 sin = a1 cos .... (iii) From (i), (ii) and (iii) :

a1 =

g
1 cot 2

a2 =

g
tan cot

a1
N

a1

a2

a2

a2

a1

mg

37
1.78: F. B. D. of m : mg KN T = m a2 .... (i) N = m a1 .... (ii) F. B. D. of wedge : a1 = a2....
(iv) From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) : a1 =

mg
g

M
2m M km
2k
m
KN

a1
M

KN

a1

a2

Ans.

m
a2

mg
mg

1.79: F.B.D of bodies on frame of wedge: Since system is stationary on frame of wedge hence :
mg = kma + ma + kmg a =

g (1 k)
1 k

Ans.
ma

ma
1 m
a

kmg

ma

2m

kma

mg

mg

1.80: F.B.D. of block (2) with frame of wedge: At maximum accn w : fr1 will be maxm then fr1 = k [mg
cos + mw sin ]. Since block is under rest with frame of wedge, then equilibrium equation
of block along incline. k (mg cos + mw sin ) + mg sin = mw cos w =

g (1 k cot )
cot k

m
2

fr

mw
1

fr1

mw

mg

mg

1.81 :

Method : 1

F.B.D. of System a2 = accn of bar w.r.t. incline. Since no force on system in horizontal direction
then O = ma1 + m [a1 a2 cos ] (1) F.B.D. of bar w.r.t. wedge : m2 a1 cos + m2 g
sin = m2 a2 (ii) from (1) and (2) : a1 =

m 2 g sin cos
m1 m 2 sin 2

Ans.

38

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

m2

m2

m1

m1

a2

a1

m2

m2a1

m2g

Method : 2
F.B.D. of bar : with frame of wedge, bar has zero accn in perpendicular to incline then. N + m2
a1 sin = m2g cos (i) F.B.D. of wedge : N sin = m1 a1 (ii) from (i) and
(ii) : a1 =

m 2 g cos sin

m1

m1 m 2 sin

m2a1

a1

90

m 2g

Method : 3
F.B.D. of bar with frame of ground observes : Motion

a1

equation in perpendicular dirn of incline then : m2g cos

a2

N = m2 a1 sin (i)

m2g

1.84: v = 360 km/hr =

360 1000
100 m
s
3600

C
v
B
R
A

At point A : N mg =
g+

mv 2
70 [100]2
mv 2
N = mg +
= 70 g +
= 70
R
500
R

70 100 100
= 70 g + 140 g = 210 g = 2.1 kN
500

At point B : N =

Ans.

mv 2
(i) put value of m, V and R N = 1.5 kN
R

mg

Ans.

mg
2

At point C : N + mg = mv /R N = mv /R mg (ii) put value of V, m, R

in (ii) N = 0.7 kN Ans.

39
1.85: Tangential acceleration (at) : mg sin = m at at = g sin

Radial acceleration (ar) : Energy conservation : mg cos

1
=
mv2 v =
2
anet =

2 g cos ar = v = 2 g cos

mg

g sin 2 4 cos 2 anet = g 1 3 cos 2

Now : T mg cos =
(b)

mv 2
= 2 mg cos T = 3 mg cos

Ans.

Component of velocity in y dirn: vy = v sin

vy =

y dirn.

2 g cos sin v2y = 2 g cos sin2

For vy maximum v2y will be maximum. Then x = cos sin2

will

be maximum. dx d = 0 = 2 cos2 sin sin3 = 0 2 cos2

= sin2 tan =

= 2 g
(c)

1
3

2 sin =

cos =

v2y

1
2
4g
= mg
v max

y
T = 3 mg cos = 3 mg
3
3 3
3

If no acceliration in y direction then. ar cos = at sin 2 g cos2

1
= g sin2 tan =

2 cos =

Ans.

ar

Ans.

1.86 : Extreme position : Only tangential acceleration is prerent at extreme

at

position. at = g sin
Lowest Position : Energy conservation : mg [ cos ] =
v2 = 2 g (1 cos ) ar =

1
m v2
2

v2
= 2 g (1 cos )

A/C condition : ar = at g sin = 2 g (1 cos ) sin + 2

cos = 2 cos = 3 5

= 53

Ans.
v

mg

40

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

A

1.87: Particle will break off sphere when normal reaction will be zero.

mv 2
v2 = Rg cos . Energy conservation : mgR
R
1
1
(1 cos ) =
mv2 mgR (1 cos ) =
mRg cos
2
2
mg cos =

cos

1 cos =

2
2 Rg
Rg 3 v =

3

cos =

A
R

R
mg

2
3 cos

= 1 v2 =
3
2

Ans.

1.88: Top view : Spring force = F = N = normal reaction on sleeve. Since no acceleration
in tangential direction. N sin = cos (i). Equation in radial direction: N cos
x cos
(cos ) + sin
sin
m
= m ( + ) cosec (w2) x = m + m w2 =
Ans.
x mw 2

+ sin = m r w2 = m ( + ) cosec w2 from (i):

r
N

1.89: k = k0 = 1 R friction coefficient. Suppose cyclist at radius of r. then friction provide centripital

r
mv 2

force to motion on circular path. Then where kmg = friction force. k0 1 mg

v2
r
R

r2
dx
r2
= k0 g r . To maximum value of v :
x = r
will be maxm. Then
= 0
dr
R
R

R R k0 g R
2r
1
2
1 0 r = R Vmax k 0 g
k 0 gR
Vmax =
Ans.
2
2
4
4

R
2

r
O
R

kmg

mv2 /r

41
1.90: Tangential and radial both acceleration is only provided by friction because
friction is acting as external force. Then maximum value of friction = k mg.

v2/R

Velocity of car after d distance travel. v2 = 2 w d. Then ar = Radial

2 w d
v

acceleration =
at = Tangential acceleration = w
R
R
2

anet =

2w d
4d 2

w 2 w 1 2 Fnet = m w
R
R

4d 2
2
R

w
1
2
2

Squaring :
2 = k g d =

2
R

kg

4d2

R2

= k mg

1.91 : y = a sin x k = friction coefficient. Centripital force

m v2
=
and centripital force will be provided by friction.
R
m v2
k mg v2 k Rg.
At limiting condition :
R

Ans.
y

For v maximum R will be minimum. And we know : speed

is constant also we are secing that radius of curvature will be

minimum at maximum point of curve then. ay =

d2 y
dt 2

v2 a

ay

sin x . At maximum value of curve : sin x = 1

ay =

v2
v 2 2
R = a 2
v a
y

v2 a
2

2
R =

. Then v2 k

2
g v kg
a
a

Ans.

1.92: F.B.D. of differential element of length dl. Equation of motion : 2T sin N cos = (dm) Rw2
(i) N sin = (dm) g put value of N in (i) : 2 T (dm) g cot = (dm) Rw2 2 T
w

mg

= very small angle.

sin =
N
T

T
(dm) g

42

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

m
m
m
m g cot m R w 2

(R 2 ) g cot = (R 2 )
Rw2 T
T =
[Rw2
2R
2R
2
2
2

mg
+ g cot ] T =
2

1.93 :

Rw 2
cot

Ans.

m2
m1 = 0 T1 m1 g = m1 a (i) m2 g T2 = m2 a (ii)
Relation between T1 and T2 : (T + dT) sin d 2 + T sin d 2 = dN
a

Td = dN dfr = dN = Td (i)

T2

Since is very small. sin d d cos d 1

m2

In horizontal direction : (T + dT) cos d 2 T cos d 2 = dfr

m2g

T2

dT = dfr (i) dT = T d

T1

d
0

m2
m1

y
dfr

T + dT

(b)

g a
g a

ga
g a

0 = 0 e = 0 =

m1g

n (T2 T1 ) =

T2

from (iii) : T e
1
Then e =

m1

dN

T2 = T1 e (iii)
T2 m 2 (g a)
from (i) and (ii) : T m (g a)
1
1

dT

T1

(iv). Since pulley is fixed : Before skiding a =

1
n 0

g a
0 g a
[n 0 ]
from equaiton (iv) : en0 = g a g a a = g
n0

Ans.

43
y

Hence velocity along y axis is not responsible for circular

1.94:

motion only velocity along Z-axi s i s responsibl e.

d2 x

1.95: x = a sin wt a x =

dt 2

y = b cos wt ay =

d y

V0

v0

m VZ2
m V02 cos 2
Then N =
VZ = V0 cos N =
R
R

Z
2

= aw sin wt

= bw2 cos wt a net a x i ay j

dt 2

2
2
= a w sin wt i b w cos wt j F mw 2 [a sin wt i b cos wt j]

r x i y j a sin wt i b cos wt j F m r w 2

where r = position vector of particle. F = mw2 (a sin wt) 2 (b cos wt) 2

F = mw2

x 2 y2

1.96 :

(a)

Ans.
Method : 1 (Impluse equation)

We know P = Impluse in time t =

F dt
0

mg dt

P = mg t

Ans.

V0

90+

V0
m

(b)

2 V0 sin
2 V0 sin


P mg

=
V
g
cos
(90
+
)

V0 . g = V0
V
.
g
0
0
g
g

V0 . g
V0 . g
g sin = 2 m V0 sin V0 sin =
P 2m
Ans.
g
g

T=

Method : 2 (Kinematic)

y
V0 V0 cos i V0 sin j Vf V0 cos i (V0 sin gt) j

where Vf = final vel oci ty vecto r t hen P m Vf m V0

P m g t j Ans.
(a)

V0

44

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

(b)

T=

2 V0 sin
2 V0 sin

P mg
j

P = 2 m V0 sin j
g
g

From method : 1 :

2 m V0 . g
V0 . g
j
V0 sin =
P
g
g

Ans.

1.97 :

F a t (T t)

(a)

(b)

d
V

w [ t t ] dV a
F m w w = linear acceleration.
dt
m
m
0

a t 2 3

V
m V a Pf Ans.

m 2
3
6

a
w
[ t t 2 ]
m
S

dS

t
t

t dt
t 2 dt

0
0

a t
a t 2
t3
t dt t 2 dt
dV
V

m
m 2
3
0
0

3
2

a 3 . 4
4
4
a t
t
dt
dt S
S a S = a Ans.

m 2
3
m 6
12
m 12
12 m
0
0

F0
dV
sin wt
1.98: F F0 sin wt a =

m
dt
S

F
dV 0
m

sin wt dt V = F0 cos wt
mw
0

F
F
1
F0
dS 0
[1 cos wt] dt S = 0 t sin wt
[1 cos wt]
V =
mw
mw w
mw

0
0

S =

F0
mw 2

[tw sin wt]

distance

distance will be increasing function w.r.t. time then

dS
= (+)ive or > 0 w w cos wt > 0
dt

cos wt < 1 0 < wt < 2 < wt < 3

4 < wt < 5

wt

45
0

dv
F
a 0 cos wt
1.99: F = F0 cos wt
dt
m

sin wt = 0 wt = t =
w
0

Now :

dV

S=

F0
mw

F0
mw

F0
m

cos wt dt 0 =
0

cos wt V =

F
F0
ds 0
sin wt dt
si n wt .... (i )
m
w
mw
0
0

s =

2F0

velocity will be maximum when sin wt = 1

m w2

Ans.
V

dV r
dV
r

dt

V
1.100 : (a) F = rV
n V
V
m
dt
m
V0
0

V = V0 er/m t V will be zero when t

(b)

F0
sin wt
mw

Ans.

(1 cos wt) at t =
w

Vmax =

F0
m

dV

V
V0

r
t
m

Ans.

r
dv
r
r
r
v dV v ds
a=
V = v

V V0 =
S V = V0
S
m
ds
m
m
m
V0
0

Total distance travel by particle is S1 then final velocity = 0 0 = V0 r m S1

S1 =

(c)

Ans.

V0
m V0
r
= V0
S2 S2 =
r

m
t2 =

1.101 :

m V0
r

(i) Also

S
V ( 1)
m
n (i) <V> = 2 0
t2
n
r

kv 2
F v2 F = kv2 a =

m
V

V0

dv
v2

V0

= V0 e

Ans.

k
m

dt

1
kt
V0 V m
1
1
kt

V V k t (i)
V V
m
V0
V
m
0

V0

mt2

46

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

kv 2
dv
kv 2 dx
v
Also a =
v dv =

m
dx
m

k=

V
V0 V
h
m

n V put in (i) : t =
V
V
V
h
0
0 n 0

V0

m dv
k
V

V
V0 = kh

dx m n
0

Ans.
V

1.102: Suppose at time t distance travel is x then F = mg sin ax

mg cos mw = mg sin ax mg cos where w =
acceleration of block. w = g sin ax g cos .... (i) v = g

in
gs

c
mg

os

k = ax

sin ax g cos
xm

v dv
= g sin a x g cos
dx

v dv

(g sin axg cos ) dx 0 = (g sin ) x

0

2 g sin
2
a x 2 g cos
x = a g cos x =
a
2

tan . Velocity will be maximum when dv dt = 0 = acceleration g sin = ax g cos

1
x =
a

v max

t an no w

ya tan

v dv

1
2 g cos 1

tan
tan
a
2
a

(g sin a x g cos ) dx

Vmax

Vmax =

g sin 2
g

sin tan
a cos
a

= g sin

Ans.

1.103: K = friction coefficient Block start sliding when.

F = at

F = at1 = k m g t1 = k m g a . Assuming over time start from block start sliding then.
Suppose acceleration of block is w then. mw = at kmg = a (t1 + t) kmg = a t w
v

a
=
t
m

dV

a
m

(t d (t) V

a
a
S=
(t)3 =
(t t1)3
6m
6m

a
t 2
2m

ds

a
2m

d (t)

t = t t1

Ans.
t=0

t = t1

t=t

47
v=0
2

V0

1.104 :

Upward journey :

V0

mg

Fnet = mg + kv2 a = g +
0

v dv
mg kv 2
kv 2

ds
m
m

mv dv

mg kv 2

F = Kv

v0

ds

h=

mv dv = (mg kv2) ds

KV02 mg
m
n
.... (i)
2k
mg
2

Downward Journey : F net = mg kv2

v

mv dv

mg kv 2

ds h

v0

v =
1

KV02

kv
mg

a =

mg kv 2
m

m
KV02 mg
m
KV02 mg
m
mg
n
n

2k
mg
2k
mg
2k
mg kv 2

Ans.
mg

1.105 :(a) Position vector of particle : r = r cos i + r sin j

At time t : = wt F F r F (cos i sin j)

m
w

F
[cos i sin j]
a
m

F
dv
m

F
(cos wt) dt i
m

speed = | V |

(b)

= v dv/ ds

F
mw

0
t

(sin wt) dt
0

F
[sin wt i (1 cos wt) j]
mw

(sin wt) 2 (1 cos wt) 2 Speed =

2F
sin wt 2
mw

Ans.

2F
ds
2F
sin wt 2 dt
V
sin wt ds
Distance is calculated by speed. Then
2
mw
dt
mw
0
0

S = Distance S =

2F
mw

2 cos

wt
2

S =
0

4F
wt
1 cos

2
2 .... (ii) velocity of particle
mw

48

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

will be zero : 0 =
S=

2F
sin wt
2
mw

sin wt

0 put value of t = 2
w in (ii)

8F
Distance
8F/mw 2

(1

cos
)

S
=

Average
speed
=
Time
2/w
mw 2
mw 2
4F

Average speed = 4F mw

Ans.

1.106: K = tan = friction coefficient When = W = net

tangent ial

accelerat ion/

Wx

Accel erati on

mg sin cos k mg cos

m

in x direction. Now W =

s
g co
Km

mg sin

= g (sin cos K cos ) = g [sin cos sin ]

Acceleration in x dirn: Wx =

W = g sin (cos 1)... (i)

mg sin k mg cos cos

Wx = g sin [1 cos ] .... (ii)
m

From (i) and (ii) : W = Wx

d V

dt

d Vx
V = Vx + cos at t = 0
dt

= V0 and Vx = 0 V = Vx + V0 .... (iii) Then const = V0 Also Vx = V cos ....

(iv) From (iii) and (iv) : V =

V0
1 cos

Ans.

1.107: Tangential force on system is F then F

(dm) g sin = ( R d) g sin = Rg

sin d

= R f

in = 0 = Rg

cos

f = R f =
F =
R

R g
gR
R a = mR g 1 cos R = x 1 cos R a = 1 cos R

Rg 1 cos

dm= R d
d

R
(dm)g

F
x

dm

49
1.108: At time of break off. normal reaction will be zero. Where mw0
= Psuedo force because observer at sphere.

mV02
= mg cos
R

R
w0= acceleration

m w0 sin V20 = Rg cos R w0 sin .... (i)

Energy equation: Wall forces = Kf Ki Wpsuedo + Wmg = Kf
Ki m w0 R sin + mg [R R cos ] =

1
m V20 0 V20 = 2w0
2

V02

R sin + 2 g R [1 cos ].... (ii) From (i) and (ii) : V = 2R

R
2
0

+ 2 g R V20 = 2 g R 3

1.109 :

V0 =

R g
cos
3

mw0
0 R

V0
mg

w0

5 g w 0
3
g
w
3 1 0
g

Ans.

1
K
Given F n F = n Where K = Constannt.
r
r
A particle is said to steady if we displace particle away from origin, particle want to regain
its position and also it we displaced particle toward origin, particle want to regain its original
position. Then. At steady state (mean position) : F =

m V02
K
m V02
Then n
.... (i)
r
r
r

m V2
> 0 K rn mV2 r1 > 0 Differentiate both side
r
with respect to r for small increase of r: n k rn1 dr + mV2 r2 dr > 0 and
It we increases r then. F

n K 1 mV02 1

> 0 .... (ii) From (i) and (ii) n < 1 Ans.
r n r r r

v0
r
0

O
r

50

Compact ISC Physics (XII)

1.110: At steady state: mg sin = m (R sin ) w2 cos cos

=

. Case (i) : If Rw2 > g then cos

is defined and
Rw
R w2
only one equilibrium position will be exist and will be steady.
g
Case (ii) : If Rw2 < g then only
= 0 will be equilibrium
R w2
position because tangential fore along arch of ring due to mg
2

Y
R
N

will be greater than that of pseudo force and object will come
at lower position of ring.

90

mg

m (R sin ) w