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The Constitution
The Constitution is a set of laws and rules setting up the machinery of the gov. Of
a State and which defines and determines the relation between the different
institutions and areas of gov. , the executive, the legislative and the judiciary, the
central, the regional and the local governments. Much of the parts of the
constitution were taken from the American constitution and British-made
Government of India Act-1935. So, we can say that the Constitution was result of
considerable imitation and adaptation.
There are 22 parts with 395 original articles in the Constitution of India, many of
which contain a number of exceptions and limitations and 12 Schedules and 94
Amendments up to Jan 09 which makes it the longest constitution in the world.
Our Constitution is a written constitution and is federal in form and is marked by
the tradidtional characterstics of a federal system like division of power between
Union and the State, existence of an independent judiciary and its rigid
procedure for its amendment.
The constitution exhibits a centralising tendency in several of its provisions like
the adoption of lengthy concurrent list, the power of Parliament to rearrange the
political system of India, supremacy of Parliament over state legislation. The
union of India is also empowered to supersede the authority of the state or to
exercise powers otherwise wested in States.
The Union and the State gov. are not sovereign. The validity of a law whether of
Union or States, is judged with reference to their respective jurisdiction as defined
in the Constitution. Democracy is the form of government which India has
adopted. It can be of 2 types:Parliamentary Democracy
Presidential Democracy
A Parliamentary Democracy is one in which elected representatives undertake
the role of Legislature as well as the Executive.