Case1

Submittedby:Koirala,Aashish

1. Diagnosisoftrichinellosis
2. Casuativeagenttrichinellaspiralis
3. Morphologyandlifecycle
A)meatcontainingcysts
B)exposuretogastricacidandpepsin
C)larvaereleased
D)invadethesmallbowel
E)developintoadultworms
F)femalesreleaselarvae
G)migratetothestriatedmuscles
4.Treatment
A)Thiabendazole
B)mebendazole
5.Preventionandcontrol
A)cookmeattosafetemperatures
B)Stopthepractiseoffeedingthepigswithrawgarbage

Case2

1.Diagnosisofpruritusani
2.CasuativeagentEnterobiusvermicularis
3.Morphologyandlifecycle
1.Adultmalesandfemalesinhabitileocecum.
2.Femalemigratesoutofanusanddepositseggsinperianalregionthen
dies.
3.Eggshatchwithinafewhoursandlarvaereturntolargeintestinevia
anus(retroinfection),crawlintogenitourinarytract,oreggsare
reingested bythehost.
4.Treatment
mebendazole
5.Preventionandcontrol
a) Practicegoodanalhygiene
b) Avoidusingmedicatedpowders,perfumedspraysordeodorantson
theanalarea.

Case3

1.Diagnosisofhookworminfection
2.Casuativeagent
a) Necatoramericanus
b) Ancylostomaduodenale.
3.Morphologyandlifecycle
a) Finalhost:man
b) Inf.Stage:filariformlarva
c) Inf.Route:byskin
d) Food:bloodandtissuefluid
e) Siteofinhabitation:smallintestine
4.Treatment
a) Albendazole
b) Mebedazole
6.Preventionandcontrol
a) sanitarydisposalofnightsoil
b) healtheducation
c) treatthepatientsandcarriers.
Case4

1. DiagnosisofDiphyllobothriasis
2.Casuativeagent
a) D.latum
3.Morphologyandlifecycle
a) Thecoracidiumiseatenbythecopepod(FirstIntermediateHost)
b) Itloosesitsciliatedcoatandoncethroughtheintestineandintothe
hemocoel,itdevelopsintotheprocercoidin3weeks
c) Theprocercoidcannotdevelopanyfurtheruntiliseatenbyafish.
d) Thelarvaepenetratethesmallfishgut(SecondIntermediateHost)
andmigratesinthemuscle
e) growsandmaturesintotheplerocercoid
4.Treatment
a) Praziquantelisthedrugofchoice.
b) Alternatively,Niclosamide
5.Preventionandcontrol
a) cookingfishorfreezingthembeforecookingat12Cfornolessthana
day.
b) improvedsewagesystemssowastewaterdoesnotmixwithdrinking
water.

Case5

1.DiagnosisofS. Stercoralis infection

2.Casuativeagent
a) S.stercoralis
3.Morphologyandlifecycle
1. rhabditiform larvae are excreted in the stool. And develop into free-living adult
males and females
2.

undergo direct development to become infective filariform larvae.

3.

Rhabditiform larvae hatch from these eggs, and develop into filariform larvae or
into another generation of free-living adults.

4.

filariform larvae penetrate the human host skin.

5.

The circulatory system allows the larvae to travel to the lungs.

6.

transported to the pharynx, eventually swallowed, and reach the small intestine.

7.

the larvae molt twice to become adult female worms.

8.

female worms produce eggs that become deposited in the intestinal mucosa and
they hatch to rhabditiform larvae.

9.

passed in the stool or cause autoinfection.

4.Treatment

a) albendazole
b) Orthiabendazole
5.Preventionandcontrol
c) Goodsanitationwithspecificcareofhumanwastedisposal
d) Settingglobalhealthplan.
e) Wearingpermanentshoes.
f) EducationProgramforcommunity
Case6

1.DiagnosisofVisceralandOcularLarvaMigrans
2.Casuativeagent
A)Toxocaracanis
3.Morphologyandlifecycle
A)Ingestedeggshatchintheintestine.
B)Thelarvaemigrateextraintestinally
C)returntotheintestinetomatureandlayeggs
D)eggsareshedinthefeces.
E)Inhumans,ingestedeggshatchandlarvaemigrateintothedeep
tissues, butdevelopmentproceedsnofurther.
4.Treatment

A)Thisinfectionusuallygoesawayonitsownandmaynotrequire
treatment
B)albendazole
5.Preventionandcontrol
A)keepingpetswormed
B)sanitarydisposalofpetfeces.
C)Noteatingrawliverfromachicken,lamb,orcow.