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WORK BOOK

ENGLISH FOR ENGINEERING 1


GRAMMAR:
1. Present Time
2. Past Time
3. Present & Past Perfect

Dr. Eng. Wahyul Amien Syafei, ST, MT


Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering
Diponegoro University
2015

CHAPTER 1 Present Time 1


1.1 Pendahuluan
A. Deskripsi singkat: Pokok bahasan ini memberikan pengetahuan tata Bahasa Inggris
dalam membuat kalimat menggunakan struktur present tense.
B. Relevansi: Pokok bahasan ini merupakan bagian pertama dari dua materi cara
membuat kalimat present tense..
C. Kompetensi
C.1. Standar Kompetensi: Mampu membuat kalimat present tense dengan benar.
C.2. Kompetensi Dasar: Setelah menyelesaikan Pokok bahasan ini Mahasiswa mampu
1. Memahami struktur kalimat simple present & progressive.
2. Membuat kalimat simple present & progressive dengan benar.
3. Membuat kalimat simple present & progressive menggunakan frequency
adverbs.

D. Petunjuk Belajar: bacalah tiap kalimat dengan teliti, telaah, dan tulis kembali materi
dengan ringkas dalam tabel atau resume. Kerjakan semua latihan soal, verifikasi
jawaban Anda dengan jawaban yang disertakan pada setiap akhir bab.

1.2 Penyajian
1.2.1 Uraian
1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Used for events or situations that exist always, usually, or habitually in the past,
present, and future.
Illustration:
now
past

future

Example:
a. POSITIVE: Ann takes a shower every day.
I usually read the newspaper in the morning.
Babies cry. Birds fly.
b. NEGATIVE: It doesn't snow in Bangkok.
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c. QUESTION : Does the teacher speak slowly?

2. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE


Expresses: an activity that is in progress (is occurring, is happening) right now.
The event is still in progress at the time the speaker is saying the sentence.
The event began in the past, is in progress now, and will probably continue into the
future.
FORM :
S + am, is, are + Verb - ing
Illustration:
now
start

finish?

Example:
a. POSITIVE: Ann can't come to the phone right now because she is taking a
shower.
I am reading my grammar book right now.
Jimmy and Susie are babies. They are crying. I can hear them
right now.
b. NEGATIVE : It isn't snowing right now.
c. QUESTION : Is the teacher speaking right now?
3. FORMS OF The Simple Present & The Present Progressive
SIMPLE PRESENT

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

He-She-It works.

He-She-It is working.
I am working.

STATEMENT

I-You-We-They work.
You-We-They are working.
He-She-It does not work.

He-She-It is not working.


I am not working

NEGATIVE
I-You-We-They do not work.

You-We-They are not working.


Does he-she-it work?

Is he-she-it working?

Do I-you-we-they work?

Am I working?

QUESTION

Are you-we-they working?

ORIGINAL

CONTRACTIONS

EXAMPLE

I + am

Im

Im working.

You're, We're,

You're, We're,
They're working.
He's, She's, It's
working.

Pronoun + Be You , we, they + are

Do /Does +
Not

Be + not

They're

He, she, it + is

He's, She's, It's

does + not

doesn't

She doesn't work.

do + not

don't

I don't work.

is + not

isn't

He isn't working.

are + not

aren't

They aren't working.

am + not

am not

I am not working.

Note: am and not are not contracted.

EXERCISE 1. Simple Present vs. Present Progressive.


Directions: Discuss the verbs in italics. Is the activity of the verb
(a) a daily or usual habit? OR
(b) happening right now (i.e., in progress in the picture)?

Its 7.30 A.M., and the Wilsons are in their kitchen. Mrs. Wilson is sitting at the breakfast
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table. She is reading a newspaper. She reads the newspaper every morning. Mr. Wilson is
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pouring a cup of coffee. He drinks two cups of coffee every morning before he goes to work.
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There is a cartoon on TV, but the children arent watching it. They are playing with their
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toys instead.

They usually watch cartoons in the morning, but this morning they arent paying any
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attention to the TV. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson arent watching the TV either. They often watch
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the news in the evening, but they dont watch cartoons.


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EXERCISE 2. Position of frequency adverbs.


Directions: Add the world in italics to the sentence. Put the world in its usual midsentence
position.
1. always

Tom always studies at home in the evening.

2. always

Tom is at home in the evening.

3. usually

The mail comes at noon.

4. usually

The mail is here by noon.

5. generally

I eat lunch around one oclock.

6. generally

Tom is in the lunch room around one oclock.

7. generally

What time do you eat lunch?

8. generally

Are you in bed by the midnight?

1.2.2 Uraian
FREQUENCY ADVERB
A. Frequency adverbs usually occur in the middle of a sentence and have special
positions.
100 %

always
almost Always
usually*
positive

often*
frequently*
generally*
sometimes*
occasionally*

seldom
rarely
negative

hardly ever
almost never
not ever, never

0%

The adverbs
sentence.
1.
2.
3.

with the symbol * may also occur at the beginning or end of a


I sometimes get up at the 6:30.
Sometimes I get up at 6:30.
I get up at 6:30 sometimes.

B. Frequency adverbs usually come between the subject and the simple present verb
(except main verb be).
Form :
Subject + Freq Adv + Verb
Example:
Karen always tells the truth.

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C. Frequency adverbs follow be in the simple present (am, is, are) and simple past (was,
were).
Form :
Subject + be + freq adv
Example:

Karen is always on time.

D. In a question, frequency adverbs come directly after the subject.


Example:
Do you always eat breakfast?
E. In a negative sentence, most frequency adverbs come in front of a negative verb
(except always and ever).
Always follow a negative helping verb or negative be.
Example:
1. Ann usually doesnt eat breakfast.
2. Sue doesnt always eat breakfast.
F. Negative adverbs (seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never) are NOT used with a negative
verb.
Example:
CORRECT:
Anna never eats meat.
INCORRECT: Anna doesnt never eat meat.
G. Ever is used in questions about frequency, as in (a). It means at any time.
Ever is also used with not, as in (b).
Ever is NOT used in statements.
Example:
a) Do you ever take the bus to work?
Yes, I do. I often take the bus.
b) I dont ever walk to work.
c) INCORRECT: I ever walk to work.
EXERCISE 3. Frequency adverbs in negative sentences.
Directions: Add the given words to the sentences. Put the adverbs in their usual midsentence
position. Make any necessary changes in the sentence.
1. Sentence : Jack doesnt shave in the morning.
a. Usually Jack usually doesnt shave in the morning.
b. Often Jack often doesnt shave in the morning.
c. Frequently
d. Occasionally
e. Sometimes
f. Always
g. Ever
h. Never
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i. Hardly ever
j. Rarely
k. Seldom
2. I dont eat breakfast.
a. Usually
b. Always
c. Seldom
d. Ever
3. My roommate isnt home in the evening.
a. Generally
b. Sometimes
c. Always
d. Hardly ever
1.3 Penutup
1.3.1 Rangkuman
A. The Simple Present And The Present Progressive
The Simple Present expresses:
b. Daily habits or usual activities
c. General statement of fact
The Present Progressive expresses: an activity that is in progress (is occurring, is
happening) right now

B. Forms Of The Simple Present & The Present Progressive


1. The Simple Present:
Subject + Verb/Verbs.
Subject do/does + not + Verb.
Do/Does + Subject + Verb?
2. The Present Progressive using : To be + Verb ing
C. Frequency Advebs
1. Frequency adverbs usually come between the Subject and Verb
2. Frequency adverbs follow be in the simple present (am, is, are) and simple past (was,
were)
3. In a question fequency advebs come directly after the subject.
4. In a negative sentence, most frequency advebs come in front of a negative verb.
5. Negative adverbs (seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never) are NOT used with negative
verb.
6. Ever is used in questions about frequency, also used with not and NOT used in
statement.

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1.3.2 TES FORMATIF


A. Pretest (error analysis). Present verbs.
Directions : All the sentences contain mistakes. Find and correct them.
Examples : I no like cold weather. I dont like cold weather.
1. Student at this school.
2. I no living at home right now.
3. I be living in this city.
4. I am study every day.
5. Im not knowing my teachers name.
6. He is teach our English class.
7. She expect we to be in home on time.
8. We always are coming to class on time.
9. Omar does he going to school?
10. Tom no go to school.
11. My sister dont have a job.
12. Does Anna has a job?
B. Simple Present vs. Present Progressive.
Directions: Complete the sentences by using the words in parentheses. Use the simple
present or the present progressive.
1. Shhh.
The
baby
(sleep)
____________________.
The
baby
(sleep)
____________________ for the hours every night.
2. Right now Im in class. I (sit) ____________________ at my desk. I usually
(sit)____________________ at the same desk in class every day.
3. Ali (speak) ____________________ Arabic. Arabic is his native language, but right now
he (speak) ____________________ English.
4. A: (it, rain) ____________________ a lot in southern California?
B: No. the weather (be) ____________________ usually warm and sunny.
5. A: Look out the window. (it, rain) ____________________ ? Should I take my
umbrella?
B: It (start) ____________________ to sprinkle.
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6. A: Look. Its Yourself.


B: Where?
A: Over there. He (walk) ____________________ out of the bakery.
7. A: Oscar

usually

(walk)

____________________

to

work.

(walk,

you)

____________________ to work every day, too?


B: Yes.
A: (Oscar, walk) ____________________ with you?
B: Sometimes.
8. A: Flowers! Flowers for sale! Yes sir! Can I help you?
B: Ill take those-the yellow ones.
A: Here you are, mister. Are they for a special occasion?

B: I

(buy)

____________________

them

for

my

mother.

(buy)

____________________ her flowers on the first day of every month.

1.3.3 Umpan balik


Score = Jumlah jawaban benar x 100/21.

1.3.4 Tindak lanjut


Jika score anda kurang dari 80 maka ulangi lagi memahami rangkuman, kerjakan semua
latihan, dan test formatif.

1.3.5 Kunci jawaban Tes Formatif Chapter 1


A. Pretest (error analysis). Present verbs.
1. I am a student at this school.
2. I am not living at home right now.
3. I am living in this city.
4. I study every day.
5. I dont know my teachers name.
6. He teaches our engish class.
7. She expects us to be in home on time.
8. We always comes to class on time.

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9. Does Omar go to school?


10. Tom doesnt go to school.
11. My sister doesnt have a job.
12. Does Anna have a job?
13. habit
14. right now
15. habit
16. habit
17. right now
18. right now
19. habit
20. right now
21. right now
22. habit
23. habit
B. Simple Present vs. Present Progressive.
1. is sleeping, sleeps
2. am sitting, sit
3. speaks, is speaking
4. Does it rain, is
5. Is it raining, Is starting
6. is walking
7. walks, Do you walk, Does Oscar walk
8. am buying, buy
1.4

Referensi
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Fundamentals of English Grammar 3rd Edition, Longman, 2003.
Chapter 1. Unit 1.1 1.3. Page 4-9.

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