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Abstract
countries.
alternator.
1. Introduction
Quantity
Expectation
Voltage variation
+/- 10%
Frequency deviation
+/- 2%
30% nominal
150 ms
110
100
90
Voltage (% nominal)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
150 ms
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
[1]
s
Xgen
Engine
Vterminal
Alternator
Point of
Common
Coupling
codes.
[2]
[3].
(1):
E V
V 2 Xd Xq
q T
Pe
sin T
sin 2
X
2 X X
d
q d
(2):
2 HS d 2
d
n
P P
D
m e
2
dt
s dt
10
8
6
4
2
0
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
involves:
time constants.
[2]
limit .
Electromagnetic
Forces in Windings
Axial Forces
Tangential Forces
Radial Forces
1) Caused by interaction
between peripheral magnetic
fields and radial current or
peripheral current and radial
magnetic field
1) Caused by interaction
between radial magnetic
fields and axial current &
vice-versa
1) Caused by interaction
between peripheral
magnetic fields and axial
current & vice-versa
the engine.
Double frequency
running forces
System
faults
0.1
100
1
Thermal expansion
Conclusion
[4]
[2]
have
example.
Acknowledgements
References
Source: BDEW
th