Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 3

Heat E

Energy Flows in
n Buildingss
Featured Vide
eo Overlay::

Understand
ding fun
ndamenttal heat flows from
f
co
onduction
n, conve
ection, and
a
rad
diation iss key to creating
g energy efficientt buildin
ngs. Moissture flows are also
a
important because
b
moisture
e holds energy
e
as latentt heat.
Sen
nsible vs. LLatent Heatt Flows
The
ere are of two forms of
o heat flows: sensib
ble heat an
nd latent heat.
h
Sensible heat flo
ow results in a
change in tem
mperature. Latent hea
at flow results in a ch
hange in moisture
m
co
ontent (ofte
en humiditty of
the air). Total heat flow
w is the sum of sen
nsible and latent flo
ows. Huma
an comforrt dependss on
providing acceptable levvels of both temperature (sensiible heat) and
a humidity (latent heat).
"...but it'ss a dry hea
at."
Hot dry airr is actuallyy
less uncom
mfortable th
han
hot humid
d air, because
moisture holds
h
energ
gy as
latent heatt.

Sen
nsible heatt: The heatt associated with change in tem
mperature of
o a substa
ance/ mate
erial/space..
Late
ent heat: The relea
ase or storrage of he
eat associa
ated with change in
n phase off a substance,
with
hout a cha
ange in the
e substance
es temperrature. In building
b
de
esign, this is
i often he
eat required to
add
d/remove m
moisture co
ontent (humidity) in the
t air.

Sen
nsible vs. latent heat: it
i takes oveer five timees as much heat to turrn water in
nto steam at
a the samee
tem
mperature th
han it doess to heat liq
quid waterr from freezzing to boilling temperratures.
Whenever an object is at a temp
perature diifferent fro
om its surrroundings, heat flow
ws from ho
ot to
cold
d. Likewise
e, moisture flows from
m areas of greater concentration to areas of lower concentration.
For more information on
n moisture
e control, se
ee: Infiltrattion & Moiisture Conttrol
Con
nduction, C
Convection, and Radia
ation
Builldings lose
e sensible heat
h
to the
e environment (or gaiin sensible heat from
m it) in three
e principal
wayys:
1) Conductio
C
on: The tra
ansfer of he
eat betwee
en substances which are in direct contact with each
other. Conducction occurrs when he
eat flows th
hrough a so
olid.
2) Convectio
C
n: The movvement of gases and
d liquids caused by he
eat transfe
er. As a gass or liquid is
hea
ated, it warrms, expand
ds and rise
es because
e it is less dense
d
resulting in nattural conve
ection.
3) Radiation:
R
: When electromagne
etic waves travel thro
ough space
e, it is called
d radiation
n. When these
wavves (from the sun, forr example) hit an obje
ect, they trransfer the
eir heat to that
t
objectt.
The wayy that you experience
e
the heat frrom a fire is
i a
good exa
ample of co
onduction, convection
n, and
radiation
n.
Heat con
nducts thro
ough materrials placed
d in the firee,
like a meetal poker. You can sttop the con
nduction to
o
your han
nd by using
g an insula
ating pad.
Heat (an
nd smoke) travels
t
awa
ay from thee fire throu
ugh
the air. T
The directio
on it travells depends on the win
nd
and presssure differrences (convection).
Heat rad
diates from
m the fire to
o where you
u are. You can
c
avoid the radiation
n by putting
g a materia
al between
you and
d the fire, orr stepping away.
a

Con
nduction, co
onvection, and radiattion heat transfer
t
takke place alm
most everyywhere we look.
l
In a
buillding envellope, condu
uction prim
marily takess place thro
ough opaqu
ue envelop
pe assembliies, convecttion
is usually the result
r
of wiind or presssure-driven
n air movement, and radiant heeat transferr is primarily
from
m the sun tthrough fen
nestrationss. Building HVACC systems are typiccally designed to prrovide comfort using convective or raadiant modes of heat
h
transfe
fer.

Dyn
namic Therrmal Effectts
Alth
hough the general principles
p
remain the
e same, an
nalysis of heat flow under dyn
namic (rap
pidly
changing) con
nditions is more complex than under
u
statiic or "stead
dy-state" (u
unchanging) conditio
ons.
The
e effects off heat storrage within
n materialss become a greater concern
c
un
nder dynam
mic conditions.
Und
der static conditions
c
s, heat flow
w is prima
arily a funcction of te
emperature
e differencce (the drivving
forcce) and the
ermal resistance (the resisting force).
f
Und
der dynamiic conditions, these two factorss are
still importantt, but heatt storage in
n the envelope assem
mbly mode
erates the temperatu
t
re swings that
wou
uld otherw
wise occur if the assem
mbly cold not
n absorb
b or give offf heat.
Hea
at storage is a function of the d
density off a materia
al and its specific
s
he
eat; the pro
oduct of th
hese
two
o propertie
es is known
n as thermal capacity
y (or Therrmal Mass)).
Buillding mate
erials gain or
o lose hea
at energy over
o
time as
a ambientt conditions change and
a these heat
h
storrage prope
erties dete
ermine how
w much en
nergy can be stored within a given
g
mate
erial, and how
quicckly that energy will be gained or released.
See
e more on T
Thermal Mass.
M
Late
ent Heat P
Properties
When air is too hum
mid, it ne
eeds to dehumidiffied to maintain
m
occupant
o
comfort. This
deh
humidificattion requirres the rem
moval of the latent heat
h
and is
i an impo
ortant funcction of HV
VAC
systtems. Whille less com
mmon, it iss sometime
es necessa
ary to add humidity to
t building
gs during very
v
cold
d weather to compen
nsate for th
he inabilityy of colder air to hold
d moisture.
Evaporation a
and conden
nsation, altthough nott usually lissted as mo
odes of hea
at transfer,, representt the
prim
mary mean
ns by which latent heat is transfer and
d are an important
i
determina
ant of hum
man
com
mfort.
See
e Infiltration
n and Moissture Control for guidance on envelope design
d
that takes thiss into acco
ount,
see Humidity Control fo
or how activve systemss handle it.

Вам также может понравиться