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Important Terms
Alluvial Soil
Non-Alluvial Soils
Silt Factor
Silt Factor
Mean Velocity
Critical Velocity
Regime Channel
Economical Section
Irrigation Canals
Irrigation canals
Both the types of canals are designed for
uniform steady flow.
Mannings or Chezys equation describe
such a flow i.e.
Mannings Equation
V = (1.49/n)R2/3S1/2
(fps units)
V = (1/n)R2/3S1/2
(S.I. units)
Irrigation Canals
The Chezys formula is given as
V= C(RS)1/2
Where
V is velocity
R is Hydraulic mean radius (A/P)
A is Area of cross section
P is wetted perimeter
S is the longitudinal energy line slope, in case of
uniform flow it is equal to bed slope
n is Mannings constant
C is Chezys coefficient
Irrigation canals
The equation describes that the discharge
Q=(AV) in uniform flow is a function of
Section factor AR2/3 in case of Mannings
equation and
Section factor AR1/2 in case of Chezys
formula
Longitudinal Slope (S)
Area (A)
Wetted
Perimeter
(P)
H.M.R (R)
Top Width
Depth
Rectangular
2.0y2
4y
0.40y
2y
Trapezoidal
1.73y2
3.46y
0.50y
2.31y
0.75y
Triangular
y2
2.83y
2.345y
2y
0.50y
Free Board
A minimum free board for unlined canals
varies between 1 ft or 0.3 m for small
distributaries to 4 ft or 1.2 m for main
canals carrying 3000cfs (85 m3/sec)
discharge.
For irrigation canals with discharge of
10,000cfs (283 m3/sec) or more it is 5.5 ft
(1.65 m)
Free Board
For determination of free board the increase in
the discharge is on log scale and the increase
in the free board is on arithmetic scale. The
equation is
F= (Cy)1/2
where
F is free board in ft
y is the design depth of flow in ft and
C is coefficient which varies from 1.5 at
Q=20cfs (0.57m3/s) to 2.5 for Q=3000cfs or
more.
Free Board
The curvature is important in lined canals as the
rise in water levels on outer side of the curve
affects the free board.
h = v2b/gR
Where
h is change in water surface elevation across
channel
b is the width of channel
R is the distance from the centre of the curve to
centre of channel
v is the subcritical average velocity
Example 4.1
A lined canal is to be designed to carry
1000cfs. The concrete lining is smooth
and the general ground slope is 0.001.
Design the canal.
Assignment
A lined canal is to be designed to carry
1000+(Regd. #)cfs (e.g. Regd. Number 40
will get the value of discharge as 1000+40
= 1040cfs). The concrete lining is smooth
and the general ground slope is
0.001+(Regd. # / 10000), (e.g. Regd. # 40
will use slope as (40/10000) = 0.004,
hence final answer will be (0.001+0.004) =
0.005. Design the canal.
Assignment
Also with the above information given in
example 4.1 repeat the design for the
triangular shaped, circular shaped and
rectangular shaped canal