4.

430 Daylighting

Sky over MIT

Chri
Christoph
stoph R
Re
einhart

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Department of Architecture
Building Technology Program

4.430
4.
430 Co
Course Introducti
Introduction
on

My research goal is to change current sustainable design practice by

developing, validating and testing analysis workflows and metrics that
lead to improved design solutions as far as occupant comfort and health
as well as building energy use are concerned. The premise of my work is
that an informed decision is a better decision.

This is my favorite class.

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

Course Description
Theprimaryfocusofthis9creditcourseisthestudyof
naturalandelectriclightinginanarchitecturalcontext.The
coursepromotestheintegrationofoccupantcomfort,energy
efficiencyanddaylightavailabilitythroughoutthedesign
processandplacesanemphasisupontherolelightcanplayin
shapingarchitecture.

At the end of the course you will be

able to
formulate your own definition of what constitutes good
lighting,
conduct a series of daylighting design techniques from rules
of thumb and simulation to high dynamic range photography
and physical model building,
develop a comprehensive lighting strategy for your projects.

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

What skills are you going to acquire?

Rules of Thumb for Massing and

Faade Design
Diagram of daylighting in different architectural
schemes removed due to copyright restrictions.

Design: Jeff
Niema
sz

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

DIVA for Rhino

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MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

Dashboards

Courtesy of Elsevier, Inc., http://www.sciencedirect.com. Used with permission.

Paper
Reinhart C F, J Wienold, The Daylighting Dashboard - A Simulation-Based Design Analysis for Daylit Spaces. Building and
Environment, 2011 46:2 386-396

Animated Building Performance Simulation

Simulation: J Niemasz, K Lagios, and J Sargent

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

Simulation Approach for This Class

Physically based versus pretty pictures.
Visualizations versus metric based analysis
Both types of analysis are slowly converging.
You may use other software (please discuss your choice with me).

Shading Device Design

Conventional Shading

Photo by Paperclips0701 on
Wikipedia Commons.

Non Performing Shading

SHADERADE
(J Sargent, J niemas, C
Reinhart)

Courtesy of Jon Sargent, Jeff Niemasz, and

Christoph Reinhart. Used with permission.

Design: Jeff
Niema
sz

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

High Dynamic Range Photography

ScreenshotPhotosphere

Image of HDR photography tripod and camera

removed due to copyright restrictions.

Stata Center
Design: Jeff
Goal:Touseyourcameraasaphotometricdevice.
Niema
Purpose:Glareanalysis.
sz
Event:HDRworkshoponFeb16duringclass in MIT Stata Center (Building 32)

High Dynamic Range Imagery

1. Take digital images at
different exposure levels.

2. Combine information for

the different images into a
single HDR image.

Demo: Ecotect RadianceIV.exe

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

Back and forth between Reality and

Simulation
HDR Photography (R Mogri)

Radiance Simulation

DGP 35%

DGP 36%

Courtesy of Rashida Mogri. Used with permission.

Design: Jeff
Niema
sz

Glare and Visual Comfort Analysis

John Alstan Jakubiec. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative
Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

Multidirectional Time Lapse Simulation (A Jakubiec)

Annual Glare Map

Design: Jeff
Niema
sz

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

Physical Model Building & Analysis

Image of students outside with heliodon

removed due to copyright restrictions.

Courtesy of Shelby Doyle. Used with permission.

Model of the Carpenter Center

Heliodon Measurement

Design: Jeff
Niema
sz

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

Mechanics
Weekly lectures on Tuesdays and Thursday from 9.30 to 11.00.
Guest lectures form the Medical School and Practitioners.
Infrequent voluntary workshops on Thursdays.
My availability: After class and during weekly office hours.
All MIT students are very welcome.
Prerequisites:
o introductory class on building technologies
o access to a newer laptop with Rhino V4.0-SR8 or higher
o a decent digital camera

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

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11

Course Requirements
Attendance
mandatory.

of

all

lectures

and

workshops

is

All assignments have to be submitted on time,

usually on Thursdays before class. The assignments
will help you to work on your course projects
throughout the term.
You are expected to give a midterm presentation on
your group project in class on March 20th or 22nd.

Methods of Assessment
Grades will be determined based on the quality and quantity of
completed assignments, participation in class discussions, and the
quality of the two course presentations.

Class participation (15%)

Timely submission of assignments (45%)
Midterm presentation (10%)
Final presentation (30%)

Midterm and final presentations will be graded based on the

- clarity of the projects (day)lighting objectives,
- originality and inner logic of the design techniques used,
- comprehensiveness of the final design solution,
- overall quality of the presentation.

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

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13

Strong projects will have a distinct attitude towards lighting.

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

12

15

Daylighting & Sustainable Design

Generic Definition of Daylighting

Daylightingistheactoflightingtheinteriorand/orexteriorofa
buildingwithnaturaldaylight.

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

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16

Brief History of Daylighting

Defaultsolutionuntilthe1940s.
1st renaissanceduringthe1970sprimarilyto
saveenergy.
2nd renaissancesince2000,lightasaproviderof
morehealthyandproductiveworkspaces.

Photo by Daderot on Wikipedia Commons.

MITChapelbyESaarinen,1955.

Green Building Design

SourceDaylightingHandbook(Reinhart)

Greenbuild 2011,SourceDaylightingHandbook(Reinhart)

Thegreenbuildingmarkethasbecomeamassmovement(Greenbuild
~30,000visitor,Light+Building 180,000visitors).
Externalpressuressuchasclimatechange.

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

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Performance of LEED Buildings

LEEDNBIdata,CBECSmatchingbyNewshametal,2009FigurefromDaylightingHandbook(Reinhart)

LEEDbuildingshaveonaveragea30%lowerEUI(EnergyUseIntensity).
AthirdofLEEDbuildingshadahigherEUIthantheirmatchedCBECcounterpart.

Trend for LEED-NC and LEED-EBOM

DataUSGBC,FigurefirmDaylightingHandbook(Reinhart)

Ownersarelearningthatcommissioningiskey.

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

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Environmental Satisfaction in LEED

Buildings

SAbbaszadeh etal.,2006,FigurefromDaylightingHandbook(Reinhart)

EnvironmentalsatisfactionwithlightingandacousticsinLEEDbuildingsthesame
asinconventionalbuildings.Maincomplaint:notenoughdaylight
In2009,outofover1200buildingsthatwerecertifiedunderLEED,43%and66%
wereawardedthedaylightingandviewcredits,respectively.

ToDoforThursday
InstallEnergyPlus 7.0from
http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/
InstallDIVA1.9betafromwww.divaforrhino.com

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

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Questions?

Courtesy of Sustainable Design Lab at MIT & MoDe Studio. Used with permission.

Solar Radiation Map for Cambridge

http://architecture.mit.edu/faculty/christoph-reinhart Projects

MIT 4.430 Daylighting, Instructor C

Reinhart

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www.daylight1-2-3.com
www.daysim.com

20

MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu

4.430 Daylighting
Spring 2012

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