Question Practice

1.

(a)

A compound of sodium, chlorine and oxygen contains, by mass, 21.6% Na, 33.3% Cl and
45.1% O. Show that this is consistent with the formula NaClO3.

(2)

(b)

NaClO3 can be obtained from NaOCl(aq) by a disproportionation reaction on heating.

(i)

Give the ionic equation for this disproportionation reaction.

..........................................................................................................................(2)

(ii)

By a consideration of the oxidation numbers of the chlorine in the various species,

show why the reaction in (i) is disproportionation.
..........................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................(4)

(c)

Chlorine is used in the extraction of bromine from seawater.

(i)

Give the half-equation for the reduction of chlorine.

..........................................................................................................................(1)

(ii)

Give the half-equation for the oxidation that is occurring given that the overall
equation for the reaction is:

Cl2(aq) + 2Br (aq) Br2(aq) + 2Cl (aq)

..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................(1)
(Total 10 marks)

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2.
of

(a)
79
35 Br

The mass of one atom of the isotope

79
35 Br

is 1.31 1022 g. The molar mass

is 79.0 g mol1.
Use this information to calculate a value for the Avogadro constant. Give your answer to
three significant figures.

(2)

(b)

According to the Periodic Table, the relative atomic mass of naturally occurring bromine
is 80.
What information can you deduce from this about naturally occurring bromine?
(No calculation is expected.)
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

3.

(a)

In an experiment to standardise an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 0.25 g of solid

sulphamic acid, NH2SO3H, was dissolved in distilled water in a conical flask. When the
3

aqueous sodium hydroxide was run into the flask from a burette 23.45 cm was required
to exactly react with the sulphamic acid solution. The equation for the reaction is:
NH2SO3H(aq) + NaOH(aq) NH2SO3Na(aq) + H2O(l)
(i)

Calculate the amount (number of moles) of sulphamic acid in 0.25 g.

Mr(NH2SO3H) = 97.0.
(1)

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(ii)

State the amount (number of moles) of sodium hydroxide in 23.45 cm of solution

3
and hence calculate the concentration of the solution in mol dm .

(3)

(b)

The balance used to weigh the sulphamic acid is accurate to 0.01 g. Calculate the
percentage error in the mass of the sulphamic acid weighed.

(1)
(Total 5 marks)

4.

(a)

(i)

Calculate the number of moles of sulphur atoms in 4.00 g of sulphur.

(1)

(ii)

When sulphur burns in air, it forms sulphur dioxide gas, SO2.

What volume of sulphur dioxide, measured at room temperature and pressure,
would be produced when 4.00 g of sulphur is burnt in air?
3
1
[Molar volume is 24 dm mol at room temperature and pressure.]

(2)

(b)

Sulphur dioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form a solution of sodium
sulphite, Na2SO3.
The equation for the reaction is
SO2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)
Rewrite this equation as an ionic equation, omitting the spectator ions.
.....................................................................................................................................(2)
(Total 5 marks)

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5.

How many nitrogen molecules, N , are present in 12 dm of nitrogen gas at room temperature
and pressure?
3

[Molar volume is 24 dm mol at room temperature and pressure;

23
1
Avogadro constant is 6 10 mol ]

(Total 2 marks)

6.

Copper(II) sulphate solution can be prepared from solid copper(II) carbonate by reaction with
hot dilute sulphuric acid.
(a)

Write the balanced equation for this reaction, including state symbols.

(2)

(b)

This experiment was carried out using 25 cm of 1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid.
(i)

How would you measure out 25 cm of 1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid?

...........................................................................................................................(1)

(ii)

Calculate the number of moles of sulphuric acid used.

(1)

(c)

(i)

It is usual to react the sulphuric acid with a slight excess of copper(II) carbonate.
Calculate the mass of copper(II) carbonate needed if a 10 % excess is required.
1
[Molar mass of copper(II) carbonate = 123.5 g mol ]

(2)

(ii)

The sulphuric acid is heated to boiling and the copper(II) carbonate is added in
small portions.

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Suggest why the copper(II) carbonate is added in small portions.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................(1)
(iii)

What would be the next step needed to obtain pure copper(II) sulphate solution?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................(1)

(d)

3.98 g of copper(II) sulphate-5-water, CuSO4.5H2O, was obtained from this solution.

(i)

Calculate the molar mass of copper(II) sulphate-5-water.

Use the Periodic Table as a source of data.

(1)

(ii)

Calculate the percentage yield of the reaction.

(2)

(e)

Suggest why copper compounds are hazardous.

......................................................................................................................................(1)
(Total 12 marks)

7.

Silicon reacts with chlorine to produce silicon tetrachloride, as shown in the following equation
Si(s) + 2Cl2(g) SiCl4(l)
(a)

(i)

Calculate the mass of silicon tetrachloride obtained from 10.0 g of silicon.

(3)
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(ii)

Calculate the minimum volume of chlorine that would be required to react

completely with 10.0 g of silicon.
3

[1 mol of gas occupies 24.0 dm under the conditions of the experiment]

(2)

8.

Phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl3, can be formed by the reaction of phosphorus and chlorine.
2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2PCl3(s)
(a)

(i)

Calculate the maximum mass of phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3, which could be

obtained from 93.0 g of phosphorus.

(3)

(ii)

Calculate the minimum volume of chlorine required to react completely with

93.0 g of phosphorus.
3
[One mole of gas occupies a volume of 24.0 dm under the conditions of the
experiment].

(2)

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Brentside High School

MS1.

(a)
21.6/23
= 0.939

Na
45.1/16
= 0.938
= 2.82
by smallest
1
3

Cl 33.3 / 35.5
(1)

(1)

NaClO3
Could argue from formula and calculate back to shown percentages
for full marks.

(b)

3OCl 2Cl + ClO3

species (1) balance (1)
Fully balanced molecular equation score / mark only
ignore spectator sodium ions in ionic equation if on both sides

(i)

Identification of oxidation states (1) +1 +5 1

Identification of an oxidation reaction (1) +1 to +5
Identification of a reduction reaction (1) +1 to 1

(ii)

Disproportionation because (Cl in) OCI both oxidised or reduced (1)

Final mark can be awarded for a simple definition of
disproportionation related to chlorine.
n. b. reference to a single atom of chlorine not acceptable.

(c)

(i)

Cl2 + 2e 2Cl (1) (*)

(ii)

2Br Br2 + 2e (1) (*)

1
1

(*) or multiples / negative charge on e not required

[10]

79.0
1.31 10 22 (1)
23
= 6.03 10 (1)

L
MS2. (a)

(b)

1 mark for SF error

23
Final answer must be 6.03 10 for 2nd mark
Correct answer with no working (2)
23
23
6 10 / 6.02 10 quoted with no working (0)
Error in method, max (1)

80 is the average mass of Br atoms / isotopes

OR
There must be another/at least one Br isotope of mass greater than
80/with more than 45 neutrons
NOT naturally occurring isotope has mass 80

1
[3]

MS3.(a)

(i)

0.25
97 = 0.00258 / 2.58 103 / 0.0026 / 0.002577 (1)

(ii)

0.00258 / same number of moles as calculated in (i) (1)

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1000
3
0.00258 23.45 (1) = 0.110 (mol dm ) (1) units not required
consequential on (i) possible answers 0. 11, 0.110, 0.1111
(b)

MS4. (a)

2 0.01 100
0.25
= 8% (1)
0.01
but allow 0.25 100 = 4%

(i)

4gS = 1/8 mol / 0.125 mol

(ii)

1/8mol S 1/8 mol SO2 (stated or implied) (1)

3

Volume = 24/8 = 3 dm / 3.0 dm / 3.00 dm / 3000 cm (1)

1 for incorrect/missing units

(b)

SO 2 2OH
SO 32 H 2 O


(1)
(1)

2
[5]

MS5. Number of molecules

23
= 12/24 (1) 610
23
= 310 (1)
MS6.(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

H2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s) CuSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Reactants (1)
Products (1)
No/wrong state symbols 1max
If H2CO3 product 1 max
H2SO4(I) 1 max
(i)

Measuring cylinder / pipette / burette

Volumetric flask (0)
2

(ii)

2.510 / 0.025

(i)

2.5 10 123.5 (1) 1.1 = 3.4 / 3.40 / 3.396 g (1)

ALLOW TE from (b)(ii)

(ii)

To prevent the reaction mixture from frothing out of the beaker

(iii)

Filter (to remove unreacted copper(II) carbonate)

(i)

249.5

(ii)

actual mass/ mol 100 / = 3.98 / 249.5 100

method
2
theoretical mass / mol
2.5 10

OR method using masses = 3.98

= 3.98 etc
(1)
0.025249.5 6.2375

answer 63.8 / 64 % (1)

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ALLOW TE from (a) / (c) (I) / (d)(i)

MS7. (a)

(i)

(ii)

MS8. (a)

(i)

moles silicon = 10/28 = 0.357 (1)

moles SiCl4 = 0.357 (1)
mass = 0.357 170 = 60.7 / 60.69 (g) ALLOW 2- 4 SF (1)
OR by mass ratio
Units not required but if given must be correct.
Correct answer with some recognisable working (3)
Correct answer with no working (1)

moles chlorine = 2 0.357

moles Si 2 (1)
3
vol = 0.714 24.0 = 17.1 (dm ) moles Cl2 24 (1)
ALLOW TE from (i)
ALLOW 2 4 SF
Units not required, but if given must be correct
Correct answer with some recognisable working (2)
Correct answer with no working (1)
Penalise SF once only across (i) and (ii)
Penalise units once across (i) and (ii)

(1)
(1)

ratio

10/28

10/28
= 0.357

10/28
= 0.36

10/28
= 0.4
loses SF mark

mass

60.69

60.71

61.2

68

vol

17.14

17.14

17.3

19.2

ALLOW 3 or 4 sig figs penalise once only

MUST be some working
moles P = 93/31 = 3.0 (1)
moles PCl3 also = 3.0 (1)
mass PCl3 = 137.5 3.0 = 412.5 / 413 (g) (1)
OR alternative route
Max 2 if wrong units

(ii)

moles Cl2 = 3/2 3 = 4.5 (1)

3

(iii)

st

volume of C12 = 4.5 24 = 108 (dm ) (1) - consequential on 1 mark

Cl2 with attempt at reason (1)

because gains electrons / ox. no. becomes more negative / oxidation
number decreases / 0 1
OR
P loses electrons / oxidation number increases / 0 +3 (1)

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