Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Table of Contents
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Content Body
Site Survey
According to Best Practices for Wireless Site Design (n.d.). By conducting site surveys,
efficient and successful wireless networks can be deployed. Site surveys can determine signal
coverage, dead spots, potential roaming behavior, interfering sources and etc. To set up the
wireless network for international e-cash is no easy task as lot of factors needs to be taken into
consideration. For example, wireless standard, interferences, location and licensing. After such
things are considered, only then it wise to set up a wireless network.
i.
Wireless standard
Wireless standard is a set of guidelines for different types of network communication.
Typically, there are each standard for each condition like for Local Area Networks the Wireless
LAN 802.11 standard is used and for Metropolitan Area Networks, WiMAX 802.16 standard is
used to provide network coverage for a city and so on. Here, for International E-cash network
needs to be distributed across the city for the headquarters and branches to communicate with
each other.
To provide wireless network coverage for International E-cash, only WiMAX standards is
suitable for International E-cash. WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access according to Brain and Grabianowski, (n.d). To set up a WiMAX network for allowing
long range network communication needs two importance things, a base station and a receiver
according to about.com(n.d). However, there are several variations of WiMAX standards that
can be implemented for International E-cash mainly 802.16 and 802.16e. The first WiMAX
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
standard is the first of its kind whereas the other is an extension to the 802.16-2004 standard as
this advanced from it initial predecessor.
Characteristic
Fixed WiMAX
Mobile WiMAX
Industry Standard
802.16-2004
802.16e-2005
Modulation
OFDM
OFDMA
Frequency Range
2GHz-11GHz
2GHZ-6GHz
Duplexing
TDD,FDD
TDD,FDD(Optional)
Analysis - From here, it is clearly seen that IEEE's 802.16e is the latest standard which means its
more up to date. 802.16e has more access types than Fixed WiMAX supports Orthogonal
Frequency-Division Multiple Access modulation whereas 802.16 only provide Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing. In terms of duplexing both standards support Time Division
Duplexing and Frequency Division Duplexing but Mobile WiMAX's Frequency Division
Duplexing is made optional. Mobile WiMAX supports handoffs and Fixed WiMAX does not.
Mobile WiMAX has more service providers to cater many network solutions.
Technical Feasibility - Having many frequency bands provides more specific and suitable for
International E-cash to choose using Mobile WiMAX. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple
Access makes International E-cash's wireless deployment flexible. The frequency range of
Mobile WiMAX though shorter but it is more effective when applied for International E-cash.
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
The license for the WiMAX standard chosen for International E-cash can be obtained from the
Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. According to MCMC(n.d), a business
like International E-cash needs to have a class license as they need to deploy wireless network
facilities. The processing days for obtaining a class license will take seven days.
To obtain a class license, there are a few criterias to be met:
1. Two copies of Form D(Class license application form)
2. Registration fee of RM 2500.00
3. Applicants legal status documents
4. Organizational profile
5. Proposal of service
6. Details as per the checklist attached
Economic feasibility - The application for the class license class costs about RM 2500.00
iii. Interferences
When it comes to interference, it has to be agreed that any radio frequency has interferences
including the standard recommended for international e-cash. Potential interferences can be from
radio frequencies of satellites, military networks and etc. To deter such inferences, proper
hardware and software is required mainly a spectrum analyzer and a site survey software.
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Images
Name
BumbleBee-EX
Spectrum Analyzer
Compatibility
Features
- Tracking generator,
GPS geo-coding
accuracy
- Compatible
Google Earth
with
$1000 onwards
$4500 - $5000
Manufacturer
Anjitsu
Berkeley
Systems
Varitronics
10
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Analysis - From what is noticed, Spectrum Master MS2713E is made more compatible to
WiMAX standards than the BumbleBee-EX Spectrum Analyzer. It is also cheaper by few
thousands when compared with the BumbleBee-EX Spectrum Analyzer.
Technical Feasibility - Fields strength measurements and interference analysis can identify
electromagnetic fields and other sorts of inferences around International E-cash's geographic
locations. Besides that, its coverage verification feature shows that effective WiMAX coverage
can be established for International E-cash. This helps to plan better for International E-cash's
wireless deployment Its daylight display has a better viewing experience in details. This helps
the International E-cash network consultants to plan ahead for better deployment as well.
Recommendation - Anjitsu's Spectrum Master MS2713E will be used in identifying interferences
around International E-cash's headquarters as well as its branches.
Images
Name
WiMAX
software
Manufacturer
Compatibility
802.16e
Features
11
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Maintains
and
optimizes
report support
network
Needs
dual
channel
Location is an essential part for International E-cash as its headquarters and two of its branches
should be located within shopping complexes and there are quite a number of shopping malls in
the whole of Kuala Lumpur. The main ones include Midvalley Megamall, The Boulevard,
SOGO Departmental Stores, and Sunway Pyramid. The most basic criteria for location is that
there should be less or no physical interference like buildings, other towers as mentioned by
D.Sweeney(2005).
12
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Location
The
Midvalley
Boulevard Megamall
Sunway
SOGO
Pyramid
Departmental
Stores
Physical surroundings
Many
Less
Less
Less
Size (sf)
5479
3631
2250
3160
Number of floors.
12,375
22752
Rental
(RM)
per
month 60,000
65,000
- 24,480
Source: propwall.com.my(n.d)
Analysis - The Boulevard has many physical surroundings around it. This affects the
performance and coverage of WiMAX networks. When compared, the other three locations are
more suitable. In terms of size, though The Boulevard has the largest area per square feet which
makes it a suitable location but due to its physical surroundings it cannot be chosen but
Midvalley megamall can be chosen for the headquarters of International E-cash for the size and
its lesser physical surroundings compared to The Boulevard, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL)
Departmental Stores.
Lastly, for the two branches, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL) Departmental Stores are
both located at two different ends. The former is at Bandar Sunway and the other is at the heart
of Kuala Lumpur and Midvalley Megamall is located in between these two geographically.
These two have a better potential to be suitable branches for International E-cash. When the
rental for each location is analyzed, it seems that The Boulevard is the most expensive with an
estimated amount of RM 60000 to RM 65000.
13
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Figure 2 shows distance between (A) HQ and (B) SOGO branch - 7.9km.
(Source: maps.google.com)
14
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Figure 3 shows locations of (A) Midvalley headquarters and Sunway branches (B) and SOGO
(C).
(Source: maps.google.com)
15
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
16
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
17
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Base Station
A base station is referred as a fixed communication location and is considered to be a part of a
wireless network (Techopedia, 2014). The base station functions by broadcasting information in
the form of signals to and from a transmitting/ receiving unit on the other side of the wireless
network. A base station is one of the most important hardware components in a wireless network
infrastructure. Selection a base station is critical as it determines Quality of Service (QoS)
provided to all subscribing units in its network. Hence, we have chosen one of the best Wimax
standard base stations to be deployed. An analysis has been conducted on the chosen base station
and justifications have been made why it is chosen among the vast base stations available in the
market.
18
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
The base station that we have chosen is the PureWave Quantum 6600 which is manufactured by
PureWave networks. This base station is compact in size, and is a high performance Mobile
Wimax base station and has been integrated with PureMax Smart Antenna technology. In a
standard antennas technology, energy is wasted since energy radiates indiscriminately and also
cells interfere with each other, which decreases maximum capacity and creates network
complexity. The smart antenna technology will be further discussed in the antenna section.
The Purewave 6600 base station can be deployed outdoors without the need of any shelter and
can be easily mounted anywhere require to provide its service. It has up to 6Rx and 6Tx antennas
and is able to provide coverage of approximate 24km with a standard base Wimax CPE. It is able
to cover a vast distant in rural areas , maximize the coverage in Non Line of Sight (NLOS)
conditions , delivering superior service to indoor subscribers and is able to withstand harsh
climate and conditions when deployed outdoor .
The base station is also equipped with Purewave Software Defined Radio Architecture (SDR)
which provides a great benefit to the future of International E-Cash. The software will be
discussed further in the software section later on. This base station, when connected with a
backhaul device, may provide effective data transfer between 2 base stations located in a wide
distance without any loss in the quality and speed. This means that as more branches of
International E-Cash is opened in the future; more base stations can be added to cover a wide
distance and radius to provide excellent undisrupted data transfer between all the base stations
and back to the branches. A GPS is also attached to provide real time accurate locations of the
base station at all times.
19
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Figure 6 shows specifications of The PureWave Quantum 6600 Base station by PureWave
Source:http://www.purewavenetworks.com/portals/0/docs/PureWave_Quantum6600_DS_May2011.pdf
20
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
21
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
HiperMAX
3.4-3.6, 3.6-3.8,3.65(US)
Antenna Technology
MIMO
Environmental Protection
Up to 24km
Up to 15km
Features
Justification
Comments
Up to 24 km coverage
22
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Aggregate(per sector):
Up to 53Mbps,
Downlink: Up to
43Mbps, Uplink: Up to
20Mbps
Flexible Mounting
Lightning Proof
Towers, utility
poles, walls, roof tops
Temperature : (
-40C to +55C)
Weatherproofing:
(IEC IP67 cables)
Others : Surges and
Lightning Protection
23
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
None
Powerful Management
PureView EMS/NMS,
Remote CLI,
MIMO Matrix A,
MIMO Matrix B,
Cyclic
Table 2: Analysis of the chosen base station for E-Cash wireless network
Recommendation
We recommend that International E-Cash should take the initiative to continuously seek any new
updates and improvement special designed for this base station and implement it when possible
to ensure effective service from the base station, which allows International E-Cash to provide
service to its clients effectively. In case there are more branches to be opened in the future,
International E-Cash are strongly recommended to implement more base stations to provide
better connectivity to the respective base station without overloading a base station to transmit to
multiple base station.
24
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Backhaul Device
What is backhaul device?
needed
- optimize data traffic to provide a very high
throughput over high bandwidth long range
links between the base stations
Justification of using backhaul device in E-Cash
25
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
26
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
27
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
28
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Key Features
Dedicated Access
Backhaul
Private networks
Flexible center channel and channel width capability (20/40 MHz) for throughput
optimization
Internal Accelerometer
65,000 High packet-per-second (PPS) rate ideal for VOIP backhaul applications
Integrated dual-polarized antenna (2 N-type conectors for the LigoPTP 5-N MiMo
product)
Web GUI
Syslog support
Real-time alerts
IP-67 compliant
29
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Antenna
An antenna is said to be a conductor that can transmit, send and receive signals such as microwave, radio
or satellite signal (Webopedia, 2014). In our wireless network, antennas play a crucial role to transmit and
send wireless signal to other receiving antennas in order to transfer information in our wireless network.
All the base stations will be equipped with suitable antennas to transmit and receive signals.
For our wireless connection, we would be using two types of antenna which is sector antennas and panel
antennas. The sector antennas will be able to broadcast at angles of 60,90 and 120 degrees. The panel
antenna will be the backhaul antenna, Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo, which will provide point to point
Sector Antennas
60 degrees
90 degrees
120 degrees
Frequency range
3400-3600-MHZ
3300-3800-MHz
3400-3600-MHz
Gain (dBi)
18dBi
18dBi
15dBi
Horizontal beam
width
60 degrees
90 degrees
120 degrees
30
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Vertical beam
width
7 degrees
12 degrees
7 degrees
25-dB
> 23
> 25
Polarization
Horizontal or vertical
Vertical
Vertical
Impedance
50
50
50
Maximum input
power
100 W
500W
100W
Connector
N female or
customized
N female
N female
103016075mm
70016070mm
Table 4: Description of all the three types of wimax sector antennas [Data from(Gu & Li, 2011]
31
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Operational Feasibility
After the comparison of antennas above, we have chosen to use the 120 degree antenna in our
base stations to provide connection to all CPE. The reason we choose sector antennas compared
to Omni-directional antennas are because omni- directional antennas provide a 360 degree
coverage but has low Quality of Service (QoS) since the signal are dispersed at a wider area. By
using the 120 degree antennas, the signal will be transmitted directly towards the location where
our branches are exactly without the loss of signal quality. The base station will be connected
with the other base station via the backhaul antenna which provides Line of Sight (LOS)
connection. The Bukit Bintang base station tower will be built in Bukit Bintang area, providing
LOS connection to the headquarter in Midvalley, since the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)
at Midvalley Headquarter would be an outdoor CPE.
The branch at Sogo will also be connected via Non Line of Sight (NLOS) to the Bukit Bintang
Tower. The Petaling Jaya Tower will provide Non Line of Sight (NLOS) connection to Bandar
Sunway branch via an indoor CPE since there are many obstructions between both the locations.
The Petaling Jaya tower will also provide LOS connection to the HQ at Midvalley via outdoor
CPE at Midvalley. Hence, the 120 degree antenna provides full sector coverage to all the
locations of the branches as well as the Headquarter. The antennas will help to transmit the
signal to all branches with maximum quality as possible.
32
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Hence, after analyzing the impact of LOS and NLOS, we have decided to make use of both
indoor and outdoor CPE's to receive signals from base stations. We would be using AirSpan
CPE's in our wireless network.
33
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Indoor CPE
Manufacture Model
AWB, RG211
Frequency
3.6-3.8 GHz
Chipset
Sequans
23
Antenna
Special Features
Data only
34
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Outdoor CPE
Manufacture Model
Frequency
Chipset
Sequans
2*23
Antenna
15dBi
Special Features
35
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Economic Feasibility
Hardware
Price
Base station
CPE (Outdoor)
$300
CPE (Indoor)
$150x2=$300
Backhaul Device
$649 x 2 =$1298
$7000
Total (estimated )
Software
Besides the hardware components, we now move on to the software that we will be using while
operating the International E-Cash wireless network. In this part, we will be talking about the
software to monitor the operation of our base stations and backhaul device. The software is as
listed below.
PureView Network Management System (NMS)
The PureView NMS enables the easy management of wireless access networks. Using an
intuitive interface, it delivers versatile and powerful management options. By using this
software, E-Cash can continuously monitor their network and analysis statistics based on the
history stored but the software on the network usage. The PureView management software also
delivers powerful management capabilities for the PureWave Quantum 6600 base stations that
will be used by International E-Cash in its wireless network. Hence, monitoring the performance
of the base stations will be easy and effective. This software is Operating System independent so
it can be operated on both Windows and Linux platform.
Some of the features of the PureView Network Management System software are:
36
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Recommendations:
Hardware
Recommendation
Base Station
37
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Antenna
38
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Legend:
Branch / CPE
Tower signal
39
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
40
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
41
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Location
Location
Distance
5.1km
Midvalley HQ
12.0km
18.6km
Sogo Branch
3.4km
Midvalley HQ
7.8km
42
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
43
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Based on the figure 20, it shows that IEEE 802.16 network standard follows the Open System
Interconnection (OSI) which has seven-layers which also known as OSI Seven layers. It begins
from the Application layer or layer 7 on the top and finishes with Physical (PHY) layer, or layer
1, on the bottom.
The seven layers in the OSI Layer have their different function. Each layer utilizes the functions
of the lower layer utilizes the functions of the lower layer and transfers data to its higher layer.
For Example, Internet Protocol (IP) is in the Routing Layer or in the Layer 3sends data to its
higher layer which is Transport Layer which also known as layer 4.Generally, the higher layers
are implemented in software and the lower layers are implemented in hardware.
The specific layers which plays vital role on the WiMAX /802.16 is physical and Data Link
layers. As we go deeper in Data Link Layer, there are divided into two sub layers. These are
Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The physical
connection is responsible to the between two communication entities. Besides, the Media Access
Control (MAC) layer is responsible for the maintenance of the connection.
1) Convergence Sub-Layer
MAC Lay
Physical Layer
44
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Above Figure 21 shows the MAC Layer is segmented into three sub layers such as CS
(Convergence Sub layer), the CPS (Common Part Sub layer) and the Security Sub layer.
3) Security Sub-Layer
This sub layer plays a vital role on the security on IEEE 802.16. The reason is this is the only sub
layer which provides secure key exchange and encryption which has protocols and
authentication.
45
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Comparison
Authentication
Types of Authentication in IEEE 802.16e
EAP
RSA
Differences
Diagram
http://www.mysamplecode.com/20
http://www.codealias.info/technote
11/08/rsa-encryption-decryption-
s/performance_evaluation_of_wire
using-bouncy.html
less_security_systems_part_1
Long
Extensible Authentication Protocol Acronym
Rivest-
based Authentication
Authentication
Type
1) EAP-AKA (Authentication
and Key Agreement) for
46
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
of
authenticatio
n
Shami-Adleman(RSA)
Referred to Analysis and Literature Review of IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMax) Security.pdf
47
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Authorization
Types of Private Key Management in IEEE 802.16
PKM v1
RSA-based
authentication:
Differences
one-way Authentication
the
BS
authenticates
Use
of
three
PKM v2
Mutual authentication:
Supports two authentication
methods: EAP or RSA
New
encryption
method
AES
Wrap
nn
Referred to the:
http://etutorials.org/Networking/wimax+technology+broadband+wireless+access/Part+Four+Div
erse+Topics/Chapter+15+Security/15.2+Authentication+and+the+PKM+Protocol/
Based on the table, Private Key Management (PKM) v2 is preferable compare to the Private Key
Management v1. The reason is it has two types of authentication such as EAP and RSA. EAP
also known as Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) can be used for company usage such as
secure transaction and subscriptions. The drawback of PKMv1 is it has is using Data Encryption
Standard which easily can be brute force and steal confidential data in the company.
48
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Encryption
Type of Encryption in IEEE 802.16e
AES
DES
Differences
Diagram
Sourcehttp://commons.wikimedia.o
Source:(http://www.smartcardbasics
rg/wiki/File:AES-ShiftRows.png)
.com/smart-card-security2.html)
Long
acronym
128, 192, 256bits
Encryption
56
Key size
Blocks size
128
49
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
64
Analysis
Based on the table above, Advanced Encryption Standard is better than Data Encryption
Standard. AES is having more encryption key size such as 128, 192, or 256 bit encryption key
size compare to the DES.. In the view of block size of DES, it has 64 bits. AES has 128 bits
twice than DES. By using this encryption, we can prevent brute force attack.
Recommendation
AES Encryption is highly recommended for the International e-cash because the this company is
dealing highly risky business and data such as money transactional activities, customers personal
details such as account number and password, and contact number. The good impact of using
this encryption is, this company can prevent their network system from occurring brute force
attack by using 128, 192, 256 bit encryption key. As the encryption key get longer, the intruders
will feel much harder to break into the system. AES can carry out more data compare because it
has DES. The reason is DES has 64 bits which only can carry maximum data is 32GB with a
single key but AES
It means than DES with 64 bits maximum can only sent with a single
encryption key is 32GB but AES which has maximum can sent 256 billion gigabytes.
The next security requirement that recommended implementing is Extensible Authentication
Protocol. EAP can be implemented in the two types such as EAP-AKA, and EAP-TLS.EAP-
50
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
51
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
5. Service Flows
6. Discovery: Manual or Automatic
7. NMS user administration: users, profiles, views
8. Server access through web browser or remote client
9. 3GPP standards based
Specifications
NMS Operating System Support
NMS Server
- Windows 2008/2012 Server
- Centos/Red Hat Linux Server
NMS Client (remote GUI)
- Windows 2008/2012 Server
- Windows 7/8
-Ubuntu
Database Support
MySQL Database
52
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Economic Feasibility
The term 'economic feasibility' refers to financial viability of a given business venture. This
study is usually very important to carry out before starting out any business since the main aim
of a business is profitability (Ask.Com, 2014). It also involves economic benefit and loss that
may result from the project in a business. Below in the table are the costs of the PureView NMS.
Model Number
096-00501-001
Product
Description of
Type of Product
Product
Detail
Price
PureView
$ 11995 x 2 units
Network
Software -
= $ 23990
Management
required
System Software
096-00500-001
PureView
NMS Licence -
Network
per managed
Management
Base Station
License
$500 x 2 units
= $ 1000
Software Base
Station License
Recommendation:
Using PureView NMS network administrators are able to monitor their network and investigate
problems faced by the company itself. PureView NMS's integrated map functionality allows
operators to see at a glance where problems may exist with their network operations, and which
customers may be affected. In addition, with the integrated Google Maps, north bound interfaces,
and available API's, PureView NMS can be easily integrated to any operator's network
management strategy supporting the standard. I would recommend International E-Cash this tool
because it best suits the Wimax standard.
53
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Figure 23 shows the image above shows the Google Maps integration
(Source: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/network-management-system)
54
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Figure 24 shows the image above shows the network being deployed in the city.
(Source: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/network-management-system)
55
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Figure 25 shows the image above shows the network being configured.
(Source: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/network-management-system)
56
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Aeroflex's 3250 series has been developed to employs the latest digital processing and RF
technology providing accomplished accuracy, stability and measurement speed. To support the
evolving wireless communication market, the 3250 incorporates a standard 30 MHz bandwidth
digitizer and digital modulation analysis. With its powerful RF performance and advanced
applications the 3250 series is best suited for RF development, design analysis and testing. The
frequencies of 3250 series are below:
57
Series
Frequency
3251
1 kHz - 3 GHz
3252
1 kHz - 8 GHz
3253
3254
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Technical Feasibility
This spectrum analyzer includes the widest 30 MHz bandwidth vector analyzer in its class as
well as generic digital modulation analysis S/W as standard on all modes. The features of this
analyzers are:
1. Low DANL and Phase Noise
2. 30 MHz analysis bandwidth
3. Automatic Power Measurements
4. Phase Noise Measurement
5. Vector Modulation Analysis
6. Full range of wireless measurement options
7. Pre-compliance EMI Receiver and pre-selection filters options
8. Choice of 3GHz or 8GHz tracking generator option
9. DC Power Input and Battery Pack Option
10. Touch Screen Display and Remote Control
58
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
59
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
The high performance RSA6000 Spectrum Analyzer will help network administrator to easily
discover design issues. This analyzer has leading dynamic range and bandwidth combination and
hence coupled with the unique DPX Live RF Spectrum display. It gives immediate confidence in
the stability and instantly displaying a fault when it occurs. The frequencies of RSA6000 series
are below:
60
Model
Capture Bandwidth
Frequency Range
RSA6106B
RSA6114B
1 Hz - 6.2 GHz
RSA5115A
9kHz - 14 GHz
RSA5126A
9kHz - 20 GHz
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Technical Feasibility
The features of these analyzers are:
Features
1. High-performance Spectrum Analysis
Description
20 dBm 3rd Order Intercept at 2 GHz,
Typical
2. Discover
3. Trigger
61
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
4. Capture
5. Analyze
62
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Product
Price
Aeroflex 3253
$ 68000
Tektronix Spectrum
$ 82,400
Analyzer
63
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Frequency
Aeroflex 3253
9 kHz - 14 GHz
- Portability
Features
Price
$ 68000
$ 82,400
Source: (Tek.com)
Recommendation
For International E-cash, Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer is most suitable to monitor its WiMAX
network as its frequency range is includes 3.5 GHz. The DPX Live RF spectrum display deters
abnormal signal behavior accurately. This will enable to identify International E-cash's network
abnormalities. Its multi-domain time correlation feature quickens analysis and troubleshooting in
multiple domains. Such a feature prevents intrusion as fast as possible if ever International Ecash's WiMAX network is exploited.
64
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Maintenance
Maintenance of the system and hardware equipments is equally necessary in International ECash. There are two types of maintenance which are carried out. They are corrective
maintenance, preventive maintenance, planned based maintenance and condition based
maintenance.
Corrective Maintenance (L.C.Morow 1952)
Corrective maintenance is a one type of a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate
and rectify faulty hardware equipments and system. It also can be defined as the
maintenance which is required due to equipments being failed or worn out to bring it
back to working order. Corrective maintenance may consist of repairs, restorations and or
replacement of equipments. This maintenance would be considered as a regular
inspection in the company and it is always has to be scheduled beforehand. The
employees would realize problems with the system and the hardware equipments and
then report to technicians regarding it. Technicians will rectify the problems and come up
with a solution. It is advised that corrective maintenance should be done every three
months once to avoid problems at all cost.
Preventive Maintenance
Preventive maintenance is a type of planned maintenance task performed to tests,
measurements, adjustments and also part replacements to prevent faults from occurring.
Preventive maintenance can be divided into two such as planned maintenance and
conditioned based maintenance.
65
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Disadvantages
More expensive due to replacing equipment or
equipment parts.
Disadvantages
High installation costs for minor equipment
parts
66
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Conclusion
Finally, the proposal of International E-Cash wireless network has been prepared. By
implementing the proposal, the headquarter and the branches will be able to communicate via
wireless. By conducting research and preparing the proposal, our network team has gain various
new knowledge on wireless technology. We have learnt the new wireless standards as well as the
numerous new hardware and software that have emerged in the technology market. In the future,
we would recommend including the upcoming 802.16m Wimax standard for any future
International E-Cash branches being opened, as well as incorporating new hardware and
software technology which are currently under development.
67
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
References
MERVYN ANTHONY FRANCIS (TP029324)
Techopedia.com. 2014. What is a Base Station (BS)? - Definition from Techopedia. [online]
Available at: http://www.techopedia.com/definition/5268/base-station-bs [Accessed: 21 Jan
2014].
68
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
70.32.97.50. 2014. WiMAX Policy Management & Control Aptilo Networks. [online]
Available at: http://70.32.97.50/wimax-policy-engine.htm [Accessed: 21 Jan 2014].
Anritsu.com. 2014. Spectrum Master MS2713E - Anritsu America. [online] Available at:
http://www.anritsu.com/en-US/Products-Solutions/Products/MS2713E.aspx [Accessed: 20
Dec 2014].
Bvsystems.com. 2014. DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site Survey Software. [online] Available at:
http://www.bvsystems.com/Products/Software/DragNet/dragnet.htm [Accessed: 21 Jan
2014].
Lee Min Keong | March 28, 2. -. 0. G. (. P. 2007. Underdogs win WiMax licenses in
Malaysia | ZDNet. [online] Available at: http://www.zdnet.com/underdogs-win-wimaxlicenses-in-malaysia-2062000444/ [Accessed: 25 Dec 2014].
Mitchell, B. 2014. What Is WiMAX Broadband Wireless Networking?. [online] Available at:
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelessinternet/g/bldef_wimax.htm [Accessed: 29 Dec
2014].
69
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Etutorials.org. 2014. 15.2 Authentication and the PKM Protocol :: Chapter 15: Security ::
Part Four: Diverse Topics :: Wimax Technology for broadband wireless access ::
Networking :: eTutorials.org. [online] Available at:
http://etutorials.org/Networking/wimax+technology+broadband+wireless+access/Part+Four+
Diverse+Topics/Chapter+15+Security/15.2+Authentication+and+the+PKM+Protocol/
[Accessed: 23 Jan 2014].
70
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Home WLAN. 2014. What Does EAP Stand For?. [online] Available at: http://www.homewlan.com/What-does-EAP-stand-for.html [Accessed: 23 Jan 2014].
Hossain, M. 2014. Analysis and Assesment the security issues of IEEE 802.16-Wimax
Network. [online] Available at: http://hossainhere.files.wordpress.com/.../analysis-andassessment-the-security-i.. [Accessed: 23 Jan 2014].
Mysamplecode.com. 2014. RSA Encryption and Decryption using Bouncy Castle Crypto
APIs. [online] Available at: http://www.mysamplecode.com/2011/08/rsa-encryptiondecryption-using-bouncy.html [Accessed: 23 Jan 2014].
Pornin, T. 2014. algorithm - Why is AES more secure than DES? - Stack Overflow. [online]
Available at: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3929325/why-is-aes-more-secure-than-des
[Accessed: 23 Jan 2014].
71
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Security.stackexchange.com. 2014. encryption - When do I use NIST AES key wrapping? Information Security Stack Exchange. [online] Available at:
http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/40052/when-do-i-use-nist-aes-key-wrapping
[Accessed: 23 Jan 2014].
3g.co.uk. 2014. New Series of Spectrum Analyzers from Aeroflex. [online] Available at:
http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/March2009/New_Series_of_Spectrum_Analyzers_from_Aeroflex.ht
ml [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014].
Aeroflex 3253Buy, O. L. 2014. Aeroflex 3253 Sale, Rent, or Lease | 1 kHz - 13.2 GHz
Spectrum Analyzer | sale | rental | lease. [online] Available at:
https://www.ntecusa.com/Test-Equipment-Sales/Spectrum-Analyzers/Aeroflex3253/BD99DC8CC0860F36825B75E7F63DAC16 [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014].
Aeroflex.com. 2014. 3250 Series Spectrum Analyzers - Aeroflex. [online] Available at:
http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/product/Spectrum_Analyzers_and_Signal_Analyzers/3
250_Series_Spectrum_Analyzers~684.html [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014].
Aeroflex.com. 2014. Spectrum Analyzers and Signal Analyzers - Aeroflex. [online] Available
at:
http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/category/Spectrum_Analyzers_and_Signal_Analyzers.
html [Accessed: 24 Jan 2014].
72
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
73
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Gantt Chart
74
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Workload Matrix
Name
Task/Responsibility
Darini Shanmugavel
(TP025581)
(Part D)
Rarshvindran a/l Maslamani
(TP026565)
Vetrikumar Manugaran
Security implementations
requirements
(TP033342)
(Part C)
Mervyn Anthony Francis
(TP029324)
75
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Signature
76
Darini Shanmugavel
Rarshvindran a/l
Maslamani
Vetrikumar a/l
Manugaran
Mervyn Anthony
Francis
INTERNATIONAL E-CASH
Referencing (15)
Documentation (10)
Assumptions (5)
Presentation (10)
Marking Scheme
GROUP
COMPONENT
(30%)