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CHEMISTRY

By :
Gusti Wiweka D
Lintang Pertiwi
M. Fikri Alauddin
Nida Amalia
Rinta Novelinta
Risty Pradana L W

Thermochemistry
1. The purpose
To determine a constant of calorimeter
To determine the calor of neutralization reaction
2. Theory
Thermochemistry is a subject that learn about the change of
heat or calor from chemical reaction. The energy which is
participated the chemical reaction is organized as calor. Calor or
heat is the energy that moved because the differences of
temperature. Amount of calor which is extricable or absorbed in a
chemical reaction is known as enthalpy, which expressed with (H).
Enthalpy will permanently constant if no energy enter or out of
substances. Rate of enthalpy is not able to be determined except
the change of enthalpy. Enthalpys change happens because there
is an energy movement between the system and the surroundings.
The system is a certain part which is became center of attention or
center of observation. While the surroundings is all of things that is
out of system.
Hn constitutes quarrel between enthalpys product
enthalpis reactant. With formula :
Explanation :
H = Hp - Hr
H = The change of enthalpy
Hp = Enthalpys product
Hr = Enthalpys reactant

with

If H product is smaller than H reactant so will happen calor


release. Value of H is negative or smaller than zero. If H product is
bigger than H reactant so will happen calor absorbance. Value of H
is positive or bigger than zero.
The chemical reaction was accompanied with the change in heat
between the system and the surroundings was based on this, the
reaction of termochemistry was grouped to the reaction eksoterm
and the reaction endoterm.
the reaction eksoterm was the reaction that release calor
from the system to the surroundings, so calor from the
system decrease and the change of enthalpy valuable is
negative.
the reaction endoterm was the reaction that absorb calor
from the surroundings to the system, so calor in the system
increase and the change of enthalpy valuable is positive.
2

The change of enthalpy depends on the beginning situation and the


end situation. This was based on the Hesss law that said, the
change of enthalpy reaction only depends on the beginning
situation and the end situation and not to depends on the running of
reaction. As a result there are possibility:
if H2 > H1 So
H = H2-H1 > 0
(endoterm
process)
if H2 > H1 So
H = H2-H1 < 0
(eksoterm
process)

The aim of the decisive trial of reaction heat of H neutralization


was to determine neutralization heat of HCl + NaOH. This reaction
was the reaction of acid with the alkali that produce salt and water.
Heat of neutralization reaction from acid and alkali that were watery
enough is able to increase the temperature of the calorimeter.
3. Instruments and Materials
a. Instruments :
Simple calorimeter
Spatula
Beaker glass
Eye dropper
Thermometer
Scale
b. Materials :
Aquades
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) liquid
Natrium Hydroxide (NaOH) solid
4. Procedures
a. Make NaOH(aq) 0,1 M, volume 100 ml from solid NaOH
1) Find the mass of NaOH
n=M.V
= 0,1 . 0,1
= 0,01 mol
n=

m
Mr

m = n . Mr
= 0,01 . 40
= 0,4 gram
2) Take the 0,4 gram NaOH, then mix with the aquades until
the volume is 100 ml. (the volume of NaOH = 0.4 ml)
3

b. Make HCl(aq) 0,1 M from HCl(l) 23 %


1) Find the volume of HCl
HCl(lab) = 23 %
Massa HCl = 23 gram
n=
=

m
Mr
23
36,5

= 0,63 mol
V 1 . M 1 = V2 . M 2
V1 =
=

=
=

V 2.M 2
M1
V 2. M 2
( M ) .10 .
Mr
100 . 0,1
( 23 ) .10 .1,03
36,5
100 . 0,1
236,9
36,5
10
6.5

= 1.5 ml
2) Take 1,5 ml of HCl or 30 drops of HCl
b.

Determine the calor of neutralization reaction


1) Input 50 ml of HCl M into the glass and record its
temperature.
2) Input 50 ml of NaOH 0,1 M into the glass and record its
temperature.
3) Mix the HCl and NaOH into the calorimeter and recording
its temperature.
4) Counting the calor of neutralization reaction if the density
of the solution 1 g/cm3C and his kind heat 4,2 J/gC.
5. Observation Data

6. Data Analyze
Calculation

Determine the calor of neutralization reaction


4

solution = HCl = NaOH = water = 1 g/cm3


VNaOH = 50 ml
mNaOH = NaOH . VNaOH = 50 grams
VHCl = 20ml
mHCl = HCl . VHCl = 50 grams
msolution = 50 g + 50 g = 100 grams
c = 4,2 J/gC
First temperature = 30,75C and 31C
Last temperature = 32C and 33C
T1 = 1,25C
T2 = 2C
T =

1,25+ 2
2

= 1,625C

Qsolution = msolution . c . T
= 100 g . 4,2 J/g0C . 1,625 0C
= 682,5 J
Because Qsystem = Qsolution + Qreaction
0 = Qsolution + Qreaction
Qreaction = - Qsolution
Qreaction = - 682,5 J
nHCl = M . VHCl = 0,005 mol
nNaOH = M . VNaOH = 0,005 mol
The calor of neutralization reaction (H) =

Q
mol
=

682,5 j
0,005mol
= - 136,5

KJ/mole.

7. Data Analysis
In this experiment, the first temperature of HCl and NaOH are
same that is 28C. Then put both of them into the calorimeter, the
temperature will be increase to 38 C. That temperature is known as
the last temperature.
From the observation data, we know that the proccess is
eksoterm. The calor or heat releases from the system to the
surroundings. The calorimeter which is used in this experiment is
simple calorimeter or constan-pressure calorimeter, because the
pressure is constant so the change of calor for the proccess (Q reaction)
5

is same with the chenge of enthalpy (H).


Qsystem = Qsolution + Qreaction
0
= Qsolution + Qreaction
Qreaction = - Qsolution
The determination of calor neutralization by adding up the
calorimetry heat with neutralization heat, then enthalpy
neutralization was gotten by dividing the results of neutralization
heat with the number mole of the solution. After calculating the
observation data, we get result as the calor of neutralization
reaction is 136,5 KJ/mole.
(H) =

682,5 j
0,005mol

= - 136,5 KJ/mole.

The price is minus because the process is eksoterm.


8. Conclusion
a. Thermochemistry is a subject that learn about the change of heat
or calor from chemical reaction.
b. The law of energy conservation explain that energy cant be
created and to be destroyed, only able to be changed a form to
the other form.
c. The chemical reaction was accompanied with the change in heat
between the system and the surroundings was based on this
grouped to the reaction eksoterm and the reaction endoterm.
d. The change of enthalpy depends on the beginning situation and
the end situation.
e. The reaction eksoterm is the reaction that release the heat from
system to surroundings.
f. The reaction endoterm is the reaction that absorb the heat from
surroundings to system.
g. The value of the calor of neutralization reaction is got by dividing
the results of neutralization heat with the number mole of the
solution
(H) =

682,5 j
0,005mol

= - 136,5 KJ/mole.

f.

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