ANSWER

QUESTION 1
(a)
i.

When the concentration increase, more molecules are present, so, they will collide more.
As the concentration increase, the kinetic energy also increase when more collisions

ii.

occurs. Consequently, the reaction rate usually increases as the concentrations increases.
Increasing the temperature also increasing the average kinetic energy of its particles.
When the kinetic energy increases, the particles move faster and collide more frequently
and produce greater energy when they collide. So, the reaction rate will increases as the
temperature increases.

(b) Experiment to study the effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction

Title:
The reaction between sodium thiosulphate solutions and iron (III) nitrate is catalysed by different
transition metal ions. The catalysts used are copper (II) sulphate, nickel (II) sulphate, iron (II)
sulphate and cobalt (II) chloride.
Apparatus and chemical
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.

Eye protection
Stopwatch
Measuring cylinder
Conical flask
Test tube
Cobalt (II) chloride solution
Nickel (II) sulphate solution
Copper (II) sulphate solution
Iron (II) sulphate solution
Iron (III) nitrate solution
Sodium thiosulphate solution

Procedure:
a) Measuring the speed of the reaction without catalysts

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

Put 10mL of iron (III) nitrate in the conical flask

Stand the flask on the white tile
Add 100mL of sodium thiosulphate into the conical flask
Start the stopwatch
Stop the stopwatch when the solution goes colourless
Record in the table, the time taken for the solution to go colourless

b) Measuring the soeed of the reaction with a catalysts

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.

Pour 10mL of iron (III) nitrate into the conical flask

Stand the flask on the white tile
Add 5 drops of nickel (II) sulphate solution
Add 10mL of sodium thiosulphate into the conical flask
Start the stopwatch
Record in the table, the time taken for the solution to go colourless
Repeat the experiment using 5 drops of copper (II) sulphate, iron (II) sulphate and cobalt
(II) chloride.

Result:
Fill in the table below
Substance

Time (in secs) for solution to

colourless)

No catalyst
Nickel (II) sulphate
Copper (II) sulphate
Iron (II) sulphate
Cobalt (II) chloride

Questions:
1) What metal compound was the best catalyst?
2) Why were only very dilute solutions of metal compound used?
3) State 3 ways in which this reaction couldbe slowed down

Question 2
(a)

C X H y +O2 CO 2 +H 2 O

Volume of alkane = 100cm3

Volume of oxygen = 650cm3
Alkane =

Cn H (2 n+ n)
O n CO +(n+1) H O
( 3 n+1
2 )

Cn H (2 n+ n) +

From the gas law formula, ratio of

O
O
( alkane
)=V ( alkane
)

650 cm3
100 cm3

13
2

2
O

3 n+1=13
3 n=12

n=4

O n CO + ( n+ 1 ) H O
( 3 n+1
2 )

Cn H (2 n +n) +

C 4 H 10 +

( 132 )O 4 CO +5 H O
2

Isomer of X is

C 4 H 10

(b)

C6 H 8

i.

Cyclohexadiene :

ii.

2-ethylcyclohexa-1,3-dien :

(c)
Initiation step:

Propagation step:

C8 H 12

Termination step:

(d)
Three industrial important of cyclopentane:
i.

Cyclopentane as a blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane insulating foam, as found in

many domestic appliances such as refrigerators and freezers, in replacing environmentally
damaging alternatives. There have many advantages such as little loss of cyclopentane during
foaming, low thermal conductivity of foam, low diffusion rate out of foam and good availability.

ii.

Cyclopentane is also used in manufacture of resin, adhesives, pharma intermediate and as a

iii.

gasoline additive as octane booster

Cyclopentane being halogen free compound is environment friendly with Zero-Ozone Depletion
Potential and thus is fast replacing Chloro Fluoro Carbon (CFC) applications in refrigerator and
thermal insulation.