PC Chapter 7 Solutions

Chapter 7: Algebra for College Mathematics Courses
Lesson 7.1.1
7-2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7-3.
a.
b.
c.
f(x)
7-1.
a.
See graph at right.
Increasing: x > 2 ; Decreasing: x < 2
b.
As the x-values get larger, the y-values get larger. Or, the slope
of the tangent line is positive.
First x-value is less than the 2nd and both are in the interval [a, b].
First y-value is less than the 2nd.
See graph at right.
Yes, f (x1 ) < f (x2 ) .
f(x1)
a x1
x1 = 2!!!!!x2 = 3
f(x2)
x2
x1 = 1.7!!!!!x2 = 1.8
22 < 2 3
21.7 < 21.8
4<8
3.25 < 3.48
g(x) is an increasing function on the interval [a, b] if, for every two points x and x + h
with a ! x < x + h ! b, h > 0 , g(x) < g(x + h) .
2 x+h = 2 h ! 2 x . Since h > 0, 2 h > 1 ; therefore 2 h ! 2 x > 2 x .
7-4.
a.
Something like, as x gets larger, y gets smaller.
b.
If x2 > x1 , then f (x2 ) < f (x1 ) .
c.
f (x) is a decreasing function on the interval [a, b] if, for every two points x1 and x2 with
a ! x1 < x2 ! b , then f (x2 ) < f (x1 ) .
d.
Given h > 0 , 5 ! (x + h)2 = 5 ! h(2x + h) .
If !" < x < x + h < 0 , then 2x + h < 0 ; therefore !h(2x + h) > 0 and 5 ! (x + h)2 > 5 ! x 2 .
If 0 < x < x + h < ! , then 2x + h > 0 ; therefore !h(2x + h) < 0 and 5 ! (x + h)2 < 5 ! x 2 .
7-6.
A graph is concave down over an interval [a, b] if a line segment joining any two points on
the graph over that interval lies completely below the graph.
7-7.
See graph at right.
Increasing on (!", !1) and (1, !) , decreasing on (!1, 0) and
(0, 1) ; concave up on (0, !) , concave down on (!", 0) .
CPM Educational Program 2012
Chapter 7: Page 1
Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry
7-8.
Any line or odd function that passes through the origin, for example:
y = 5x,!y = x 5 ,!y = sin x .
Review and Preview 7.1.1

7-9.
a.
Increasing: (, 3) (1, 5), Decreasing: (3, 1) (5, ), Concave Up: (1, 3),
Concave Down: (, 1) (3, );
b.
Decreasing: (, ), Concave Up (, 0), Concave down (0, )
7-10.
See sample graph at right.

7-11.
Brittany; segments connecting any two points on the graph

are above the graph.
7-12.
a.
b(x) = a(x ! 2) + 5 = (x ! 2)3 ! 3(x ! 2) + 5
b(x) = (x ! 2)(x 2 ! 4x + 4) ! 3x + 6 + 5
b(x) = x 3 ! 4x 2 + 4x ! 2x 2 + 8x ! 8 ! 3x + 6 + 5
b(x) = x 3 ! 6x 2 + 9x + 3
b.
c.
W + 25
7-13.
a.
Amplitude :
!7!(!1)
2
=3
Period : 4" b = 2" !!#!!b =
( 12 x ) ! 4!!or!!
y = 3 cos ( 12 (x ! " ) ) ! 4
b.
3!(!1)
2
=2
Period: " b = 2" !!#!!b = 2
1
2
((
y = 2 sin 2 x ! "4
y = 3 sin
Amplitude:
) ) + 1!!or!!
y = !2 cos(2x) + 1
Chapter 7: Page 2
7-14.
2(x ! 3) +
3
x+1
=7
2(x ! 3)(x + 1) + 3 = 7(x + 1)

2(x 2 ! 2x ! 3) + 3 = 7x + 7
x=
!(!11) (!11)2 ! 4(2)(!10)

2(2)
x = 11 4 201
2x 2 ! 4x ! 3 = 7x + 7
2x 2 ! 11x ! 10 = 0
7-15.
tan !1 2 1.107 radians, (63.435) or 2.034 radians (180 63.435 = 116.565).
7-16.
slope = m =
s!u
r!t
y = mx + b
distance = (r ! t)2 + (s ! u)2

distance = r ! t
(r!t )2
(r!t )2
d = r!t
m2 + 1
(r, s)
(t, u)
(r!t )2 +(s!u)2
(r!t )2
d = r!t
(s!u)2
(r!t )2
Lesson 7.1.2
7-17.
a.
y = (2)2 = 4
b.
y = (!2)2 = 4
c.
y = (3)2 = 9
Changing of sign of x does not

affect f(x).
y = (a)2 = a 2 They are equal.
y = (!a)2 = a 2
y = (!3)2 = 9
d.
e.
y = (1.721)2 = 2.962
y = (!1.721)2 = 2.962
f (a) = f (!a)
Symmetric about the y-axis.
7-18.
a.
These functions have even power exponents.
b.
f (!x) = f (x)
c.
d.
They are symmetric about the y-axis.

y = cos x or y = x are good choices.
Chapter 7: Page 3
7-19.
a.
y = (2)3 = 8
b.
Changing the sign of x changes

only the sign of f (x) .
c.
y = (a)3 = a 3
y = (!2)3 = !8
y = (3)3 = 27
y = (!a)3 = !a 3
y = (!3)3 = !27
d.
e.
f (!a) = ! f (a)
Symmetric around the origin.
7-20.
a.
These functions have odd exponents.
c.
They are symmetric about the origin.
b.
d.
f (!x) = ! f (x)
y = sin x is a good choice.
7-21.
a.
(2, 5)
c.
unknown
b.
Neither f (!x) = (!x)2 + 3(!x)3
y = (1.721)3 = 5.097
y = (!1.721)3 = !5.097
b.
(3, 5)
7-23.
a.
Even g(!x) = (!x)2 + cos2 (!x)

g(!x) = x 2 + cos2 x
c.
f (!x) = x 2 ! 3x 3
Odd h(!x) = (!x)!1 + 2 sin(!x)

h(!x) = !x !1 ! 2 sin x

7-24.
a.
cos(!x) = cos(x) and sin(!x) = ! sin x
b.
Sine is odd, cosine is even.
7-25.
a.
Any parabola with a vertex on the y-axis. Example: f (x) = x 2 ! 3
b.
Impossible
c.
Any parabola with a vertex not on the y-axis. Example: f (x) = 2x 2 ! 8x + 5
7-26.
Tangent is odd. tan(!x) =
7-27.
sin(! x)
cos(! x)
! sin x
cos x
=!
sin x
cos x
= ! tan x
Increasing: (2, 4); Decreasing: (, 2) (4, );

Concave Up: (, 1); Concave Down: (1, )
Chapter 7: Page 4
7-28.
a.
2.9 1.7 = 1.2 seconds
b.
46 20 = 26
2!
y = 13 cos 1.2 (x " 1.7) + 33 (other answers are possible)
c.
d.
( 1.22! (x " 1.7) ) + 33

2!
"3 = 13 cos ( 1.2
(x " 1.7) )
3 = cos 2! (x " 1.7)
" 13
( 1.2
)
3 = 2! (x " 1.7)
cos"1 ( " 13
) 1.2
Because the period of the graph is less

than the horizontal shift, one solution
is x = 2.0445 ! 1.2 = 0.8445 .
The graph will have another maximum
at x = 1.7 ! 1.2 = 0.5 .
Due to the symmetry of the graph, the
second solution is
x = 0.5 ! (0.8445 ! 0.5) = 0.1555 .
30 = 13 cos
2!
1.804 = 1.2
(x " 1.7)
0.3445 = x " 1.7

2.0445 = x
7-29.
logb
NP 1
= 2 logb N + 12 logb P ! 2 logb M
2
M
= 12 " 0.6 + 12 " !1.8 ! 2 " 2.1
= 0.3 ! 0.9 ! 4.2 = !4.8
7-30.
a.
b.
!2 f (x)
c.
f (!x) + 1
1
f (x)
7-31.
Interval length =
4!1
10
= 103 = 0.3 x0 = 1, x1 = 1.3, x2 = 1.6, x3 = 1.9, x4 = 2.2, x5 = 2.5,

x6 = 2.8, x7 = 3.1, x8 = 3.4, x9 = 3.7, x10 = 4.0
Chapter 7: Page 5
0.3 !
k =0
4
0.3k +1
= 6.023 . This is an upper bound because the rectangles are above the curve.
Chapter 7: Page 6
Lesson 7.2.1
7-32.
a.
See sketch at right.
b.
h = height, x = width
c.
V = 4500 = 2x ! x ! h = 2x 2 h
h
x
S = 2x ! x + 2x ! h + 2x ! h + x ! h + x ! h
d.
e.
S = 2x 2 + 6xh
We want to know the smallest surface area represented by the variable, S.
4500 = 2x 2 h!!!!!h = 4500
= 2250
2
2
2x
S=
f.
2x
+ 6x " 2250
x2
2x 2 + 13500
x
2x 2
S=
x = 15, S = 1350
h=
2250
x2
2250
225
= 10
7-33.
s
6
a.
(s+20)
10
s
6
b.
(s+ 4t )
10
10s = 6s + 24t
4s = 24t
s = 6t feet
10s = 6s + 120
4s = 120
s = 30
10
6
20
7-34.
V = ! r 2 d = 16! d
16! d = 3t
d(t) = 163t!
7-35.
r
d
3
8
8r = 3d
r=
3d
8
! r2d
3
2
! (3d 8) d
3
2
! 9d "d
3"64
9! d 3
V = 2t =
2t =
2t =
384t =
384t
9!
! (3d 8)2 d
3
= d3
d(t) = 4 3
2t
3!
Chapter 7: Page 7

7-36.
x + y = 60!!!!!P = xy
y = 60 ! x!!!!!P = x(60 ! x) = !x 2 + 60x
30 + y = 60!!!!!y = 30
30 + 30 = 60, product = 900
Graph or average the x-intercepts (x = 0 and

x = 60) to find that the product will be a
maximum when x = 30.
x+2
7-37.
S = 2x 2 + 2x 2 + 6xh = 4x 2 + 6xh
x
4500 = 2x 2 h
Diagram for 7-38.
7-38.
x 2 + x 2 = (x + 2)2
Area = 12 ! (2 + 2 2 ) ! (2 + 2 2 )
2x 2 = x 2 + 4x + 4
Area = 1 + 2
0=
x2
! 4x ! 4
x=
!(!4) (!4)2 ! 4(1)(!4)

2(1)
x=
4 16+16
2
)(2 + 2 2 )
Area = 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 4
44 2
2
Area = 6 + 4 2
=22 2
7-39.
a.
(7 ! 5 cos " )2 = (7 ! 5 cos " )(7 ! 5 cos " )
= 49 ! 35 cos " ! 35 cos " + 25 cos2 "
b.
= 49 ! 70 cos " + 25 cos2 "

(sin ! + cos ! )2 = (sin ! + cos ! )(sin ! + cos ! )
= sin 2 ! + sin ! cos ! + sin ! cos ! + cos2 !

= 1 + 2 sin ! cos !
= 1 + sin 2!
7-40.
y + y + x + x + x = 300
2y + 3x = 300
2y = 300 ! 3x
y=
300! 3x
2
y
x
A = xy
A=x
( 300!2 3x )
A = 150x !
3
2
x2
This is a maximum when x = 50.
x = 50
2y + 3(50) = 300
2y = 150
y = 75
They should be 37.5 ft wide and 50 ft long.
Chapter 7: Page 8
7-41.
a.
5(x!2) = 5 x " 5 !2 =
1
52
" 5x =
1
25
" 5x
b.
91 2 x+1 = 32(1 2 x+1) = 3x+2 = 3x ! 32 = 9 ! 3x
c.
60
( )
2 2 x!2
3
= 60
( ) ( )
2 2x
3
2 !2
3
2
= 60 " 32 " #
2 $
x
2 2%
3 &
( )
= 60 " 94 "
7-42.
a.
( 49 )
= 135
( 49 )
b.
7-43.
sin(2A) cos(2A) =
2 sin(2A) cos(2A) =
sin(2 ! 2A) =
sin(4A) =
4A =
A=
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
2
"
+ 2" n, 56"
6
"
+ "2n , 524"
24
+ 2" n
+ "2n
Chapter 7: Page 9
Lesson 7.2.2
7-44.
a.
b.
u = x 2 + 2 , 3u ! u = 5
u = 4! " 2 or u = sin(4! " 2) , sin 2 u ! sin u + 1 = 0 or u 2 ! u + 1 = 0
c.
u=
7-45.
a.
b.
3x
x2 + 3
, log u + 2u = 7
u = y !5 2
2x + u = 6
3x ! 2u = !5
u = 6 ! 2x
3x ! 2(6 ! 2x) = !5
3x ! 12 + 4x = !5
7x = 7
u = x 2 + 3x
3(10y) ! 3y = 27
(10)2 = x 2 + 3x
27y = 27
100 = x 2 + 3x
y =1
0 = x 2 + 3x ! 100
u = 10(1) = 10
u
2y
x =1
= 5!!!!!u = 10y
7-46.
a.
u+ u !6=0
v2 + v ! 6 = 0
b.
(v + 3)(v ! 2) = 0
c.
!3 " (M 2 + 3M ! 1)
4 = y! 5 2
y = 4! 2 5
3u " 3y = 27
d.
u = 6 ! 2(1) = 4
v!2= 0
v=2
1
(2)2 = (M 2 + 3M ! 1)1 2
x=
!3 32 ! 4(1)(!100)
2(1)
x=
!3 409
2
or v + 3 = 0
v = !3
No value associated with v = 3.
)2
4 = M 2 + 3M ! 1
0 = M 2 + 3M ! 5
M=
!3 32 ! 4(1)(!5)
2(1)
M=
!3 29
2
7-47.
Joey needs 16 unit squares.
7-48.
Chapter 7: Page 10
a.
y = x 2 + 8x
b.
y = x 2 + 6x ! 1
y = x 2 + 8x + (16 ! 16)
y = x 2 + 6x + (9 ! 9) ! 1
y = (x 2 + 8x + 16) ! 16
y = (x 2 + 6x + 9) ! (9 + 1)
y = (x + 4)2 ! 16
y = (x + 3)2 ! 10
Chapter 7: Page 11
7-49.
a.
9
V = (!3, !6)
c.
y ! 3 = x 2 + 6x + 9 ! 9
b.
y ! 3 = (x + 3)2 ! 9
y = (x + 3)2 ! 6
7-50.
x 2 + 6x + 9 + y 2 ! 4y + 4 ! (9 + 4) = 51
(x + 3)2 + (y ! 2)2 ! 13 = 51
(x + 3)2 + (y ! 2)2 = 64
center: (!3, 2) ; radius: 8

7-51.
a.
27
y = 3x 2 ! 18x + 27 ! 27 + 1
b.
y = 3(x 2 ! 6x + 9) ! 26
y = 3(x ! 3)2 ! 26
V = (3, !26)
7-52.
y = x 2 ! 8x + 1
y = x 2 ! 8x + 16 ! 16 + 1
y = (x ! 4)2 ! 15
V = (4, !15)
7-53.
a.
Let u = x 2 + x ! 1
u 2 ! 2u ! 8 = 0
(u ! 4 ) (u + 2) = 0
u = !2 or 4
b.
4 = x2 + x ! 2
x2 + x = 0
x2 + x ! 6 = 0
x ( x + 1) = 0
( x + 3) ( x ! 2 ) = 0
x = 0 or ! 1
x = !3 or 2
Let u = x 2 + 5
12
u
+ u = 7 ! u 2 " 7u + 12 = 0
x 2 + 5 = 3 or
x2 + 5 = 4
x 2 + 5 = 9 ! x = 2
( u " 3) ( u " 4 ) = 0
x 2 + 5 = 16 ! x = 11
u = 3 or 4
" x = 2 or 11
! x = "3, " 1, 0, 2
!2 = x 2 + x ! 2
Chapter 7: Page 12
7-54.
A = "2x 2 + 120x
This is a max when x = 30.
B
A
R
7-55.
a.
(1 ! cos " )2 + (sin " )2 =
b.
1 ! 2 cos " + cos2 " + sin 2 " =

1 ! 2 cos " + 1 =
2 ! 2 cos "
(2 sin ! )2 + (2 cos ! )2 =
4 sin 2 ! + 4 cos2 ! =
4(sin 2 ! + cos2 ! ) =
4(1) = 4
7-56.
a.
4x + 3 ! 12
4x ! 9
x!
x = 30
y = 120 ! 2(30)
= 120 ! 60 = 60
60ft x 30ft
2x + y = 120 ! y = 120 " 2x

A = xy
A = x(120 " 2x)
!6 <
b.
!7 <
9
4
x +1< 8
1
2
1
2
x<7
!14 < x < 14
7-57.
y=
1=
f (!3) =
k
x+6
k
1+6
f (0) =
7 =
7
21
= 197 3 = 7 " 193 = 19
( 13 ) = 1 3+6
1 3+18 3
7 =
7
7
a = 7a
f ( 1a ) = 1 a+6
= (1+6a)
= 7 " 1+6a
1 a+6a a
a
1+6a
k=7
y=
7 = 7
!3+6
3
7 = 7
0+6
6
7
x+6
Lesson 7.2.3
7-58.
a.
2x 3
+x 2
!2x
+1
2x4
x3
2x2
6x3
3x2
6x
b.
x3
+2x 2
+ 0x
2x
2x4
4x3
0x2
6x
+1
x3
2x2
0x
2x 4 ! 6x 3 + x 3 ! 3x 2 ! 2x 2 + 6x + x ! 3
2x 4 + x 3 + 4x 3 + 2x 2 ! 6x ! 3
2x 4 ! 5x 3 ! 5x 2 + 7x ! 3
2x 4 + 5x 3 + 2x 2 ! 6x ! 3
Solution continues on next page.
Chapter 7: Page 13
7-58. Solution continued from previous page.

c.
x
+2
x3
3x2
2x
2x
4x
4x
2x
3x
6x
d.
2x2
2x
4x3
2x2
4x
+3
6x2
3x
x 4 + 2x 3 ! 3x 3 ! 6x 2 + 2x 2 + 4x + 4x + 8
4x 3 + 6x 2 ! 2x 2 ! 3x ! 4x ! 6
x 4 ! x 3 ! 4x 2 + 8x + 8
4x 3 + 4x 2 ! 7x ! 6
7-59.
3x 2 ! x + 2
2x ! 1 6x 3 ! 5x 2 + 5x ! 2
6x 3 ! 3x 2
! 2x 2 + 5x
! 2x 2 + x
4x ! 2
4x ! 2
0
7-60.
x 4 ! x 3 ! 2x 2 + 2x !
5
x+1
x + 1 x 5 + 0x 4 ! 3x 3 + 0x 2 + 2x ! 5
x5 + x4
! x 4 ! 3x 3
! x4 ! x3
! 2x 3 + 0x 2
!2x 3 ! 2x 2
2x 2 + 2x
!!!!!!!2x 2 + 2x
!!!!!!! ! 5
7-61.
a.
c.
d.
b.
x2 ! x ! 2 +
1
x!2
x ! 2 x 3 ! 3x 2 + 0x + 5
x 3 ! 2x 2
! x 2 + 0x
! x 2 + 2x
! 2x + 5
!2x + 4
1
The graph in Y1 follows the graph in Y2 except that it has an asymptote at x = 2.

The quotient tells you about the general or global shape of the graph.
Chapter 7: Page 14
e.
The remainder shows where the asymptotes occur.
Chapter 7: Page 15

7-62.
7-63.
x 2 + 4x ! 2 ! 4 x ! 3
x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1
5
4
x ! 1 x + 0x + 0x 3 + 0x 2 + 0x ! 1
x5 ! x4
x 4 + 0x 3
x4 ! x3
x 3 + 0x 2
x3 ! x2
x 2 + 0x
x2 ! x
x !1
!x ! 1
0
x ! 3 x 3 + x 2 ! 14x + 2
x 3 ! 3x 2
4x 2 ! 14x
4x 2 ! 12x
! 2x + 2
!2x + 6
!4
7-64.
Error is in the following line: y + 5 = !2(x 2 + 2x)
The line should be: y + 5 = !2(x 2 ! 2x)
7-65.
a.
y = 2x 2 ! 8x + 7
b.
Vertex is at(2, !1).
y = 2(x 2 ! 4x + 4) + 7 ! 8
y = 2(x ! 2)2 ! 1
7-66.
x+y=9! y=9"x
P = xy 2
P(x) = x(9 " x)2
7-67.
a.
(1.02) x = 2
x log1.02 (1.02) = log1.02 2
x=
log 2
log 1.02
Using a graphing calculator, calculate

the maximum value (ytr). The
maximum value of 108 occurs when
x = 3.
b.
x log1.05 (1.05) = log1.05 2
= 35
x=
35 years
c.
d.
x log1.07 (1.07) = log1.07 2

log 2
log 1.07
log 2
log 1.05
= 14.207
14 years
(1.07) x = 2
x=
(1.05) x = 2
x log1.1 (1.1) = log1.1 2
= 10.245
x=
10 years
(1.1) x = 2
log 2
log 1.1
= 7.273
7 years
Chapter 7: Page 16
e.
7-68.
a.
The Rule of 70 is called as such because the number of years to double is close to 70
divided by the annual percent growth rate.
x 2 ! 7x " !6
b.
x 2 ! 7x + 6 " 0
(x ! 6)(x ! 1) " 0
[1, 6]!!or !1 " x " 6
(x ! 2)(x ! 1)(x + 3) < 0

(!", !3) # (1, 2),
! " < x < !3 !or !1 < x < 2
7-69.
a.
( x 2 + y 2 )3
2 x 2 + y2
(x 2 + y 2 )3 2
2(x 2 + y 2 )1 2
(x 2 + y 2 )3 2!1 2 x 2 + y 2
=
2
2
b.
2x 5 ! 8x 3 2x 3 (x 2 ! 4)
=
x+2
x+2
3
2x (x + 2)(x ! 2)
=
(x + 2)
= 2x 3 (x ! 2)
Lesson 7.2.4
7-70.
(x + y)1 = x + y
(x + y)2 = x 2 + xy + xy + y 2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2
(x + y)3 = (x + y)(x 2 + 2xy + y 2 )
= x 3 + 2x 2 y + xy 2 + x 2 y + 2xy 2 + y 3
= x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3
(x + y)4 = (x + y)(x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3 )
= x 4 + 3x 3 y + 3x 2 y 2 + xy 3 + x 3 y + 3x 2 y 2 + 3xy 3 + y 4
= x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4
7-71.
a.
Decrease by 1 each time.
b.
Increase by 1 each time.
c.
Each time the sum is the same as the exponent of expansion.
7-73.
(x + y)0 = 1
It goes in Row 0.
7-74.
a.
Row 9
b.
x 9 + 9x 8 y
c.
x 6 + 6x 5 y + 15x 4 y 2 + 20x 3 y 3 + 15x 2 y 4 + 6xy 5 + y 6
Chapter 7: Page 17
d.
1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1
Chapter 7: Page 18
7-75.
15
15
15
15
(x + y)15 = ! # x15 + ! # x14 y + ! # x13 y 2 + ! # x12 y 3
" 0$
" 1$
" 2$
" 3$
= x15 + 15x14 y + 105x13 y 2 + 455x12 y 3
7-76.
a.
x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3
b.
y = 2z
x 3 + 3x 2 (2z) + 3x(2z)2 + (2z)3
x 3 + 6x 2 z + 12xz 2 + 8z 3
c.
(x + y)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4
(x + 3w)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 (3w) + 6x 2 (3w)2 + 4x(3w)3 + (3w)4
(x + 3w)4 = x 4 + 12x 3w + 54x 2 w 2 + 108xw 3 + 81w 4
7-77.
a.
(x + y)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4
y = !3w
b.
c.
d.
e.
(x ! 3w)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 (!3w) + 6x 2 (!3w)2 + 4x(!3w)3 + (!3w)4

(x ! 3w)4 = x 4 ! 12x 3w + 54x 2 w 2 ! 108xw 3 + 81w 4
The signs alternate in the expansion.

7-78.
x 6 + 6x 6!1y 0+1 + 15x 6!2 y1+1 + 20x 6! 3 y 2+1 + 15x 6! 4 y 3+1 + 6x 6!5 y 4+1 + y 5+1 =
x 6 + 6x 5 y + 15x 4 y 2 + 20x 3 y 3 + 15x 2 y 4 + 6xy 5 + y 6
7-79.
a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b 3
a.
b.
(2x)3 + 3(2x)2 (!3y) + 3(2x)(!3y)2 + (!3y)3
c.
8x 3 ! 36x 2 y + 54xy 2 ! 27y 3
7-80.
a.
x 2 + y2 = r 2
b.
(x ! 7)2 + (y ! 5)2 = r 2
(!6)2 + (!8)2 = r 2
(3 ! 7)2 + (!2 ! 5)2 = r 2
36 + 64 = r 2
16 + 49 = r 2
100 = r 2
r = 10
65 = r 2
(x ! 7)2 + (y ! 5)2 = 65
Chapter 7: Page 19
7-81.
a.
x 2 ! 10x + y 2 + 8y + 5 = 0
x 2 ! 10x + 25 + y 2 + 8y + 16 = !5 + 25 + 16
(x ! 5)2 + (y + 4)2 = 36
C = (5, !4), r = 6
b.
x 2 ! 8x + y 2 + 6y ! 56 " 0
x 2 ! 8x + 16 + y 2 + 6y + 9 " 56 + 16 + 9
(x ! 4)2 + (y + 3)2 " 81
C = (4, !3), r = 9
7-82.
7-83.
+ 2x 2
2x 3
+x+4+
x 4 ! x 2 + 4x + 12 !
9
x!1
5/2
2 x+1
2x + 1 2x 5 + x 4 ! 2x 3 + 7x 2 + 5x ! 2
x ! 1 2x 4 + 0x 3 ! x 2 + 3x + 5
2x 4 ! 2x 3
2x 3 ! x 2
2x 3 ! 2x 2
x 2 + 3x
x2 ! x
4x + 5
4x ! 4
9
2x 5 + x 4
!! 2x 3 + 7x 2
!!!!!!!2x 3 ! x 2
8x 2 + 5x
8x 2 + 4x
x!2
!!!!!! x +
1
2
!!! !
5
2
7-84.
85! 37
Period: 365b = 2! !!" b =
Amplitude: 2 = 24
Possible equations:
2"
(x ! 17) ) + 61
( 365
2"
y = 24 sin ( 365
(x ! 107) ) + 61
y = !24 cos
7-85.
a.
x2 =
( 2x )
+ h2
h = x2 !
c.
x2
4
y = !24 cos
2"
(44 ! 17) ) + 61
( 365
y = !24 cos(0.4648) + 61
b.
3x 2
4
3
2
y = !24 " 0.8939 + 61

y = !21.45 + 61 = 39.5
V (x) = base ! length

V (x) = 12
2!
365
xh
2
= 6x
( x ) = 3 3x
3
2
200 = 3 3x 2
x2 =
200 3
9
h = 5.373 ft
Chapter 7: Page 20
Lesson 7.3.1
7-86.
a.
Each pair equals 101.
7-87.
a.
12 x 4 = 48
c.
1000 by 999
b.
50 pairs
c.
b.
It is twice as large as A.
7-88.
a.
1100 by 899
101 x 50 = 5050
1100!899
2
b.
= 494, 450
7-89.
n = number of terms, a1= first term of the sequence, and an = nth term of the sequence.
7-90.
10.2 ! 10 = 0.2
a.
7-91.
57!29
8
965 =
49 times
b.
n ( a1 +an )
= 965!!!!!a1 =
2
n 15+ (15+ 3.5 ( n!1) )
n ( 30+ 3.5n! 3.5 )
= 3.5!!!!!S =
)=
1930 = 26.5n + 3.5n 2

3.5n 2 + 26.5n ! 1930 = 0
29 ! 4(3.5) = 15!!!!!an = 15 + 3.5(n ! 1)
n=
49 ! 0.2 = 9.8
n50 = 19.8
25 pairs, each pair = 19.8 + 10 = 29.8
25 ! 29.8 = 745
c.
n ( 26.5+ 3.5n )
2
26.5n+ 3.5n 2
2
!26.5 26.5 2 ! 4(3.5)(!1930)

2(3.5)
!26.5166.5
7
= 20

7-92.
a.
(, 1) (1, )
d.
It is odd. f (!x) =
(0, )
b.
(! x)2 +1
!x
=!
x 2 +1
x
c.
(, 0)
= ! f (x)
7-93.
SA = 2! rh + ! r 2 = 200!!"!!2! rh = 200 # ! r 2 !!or!!h =

V (r) = ! r 2 h = ! r 2
200" ! r 2
2! r
)=
r
2
(200 " ! r 2 ) = 100r "
200# ! r 2
2! r
3
!r
2
Using a graphing calculator yields a maximum value of 307.106 cm when r = 4.607.

If r = 4.607 then h =
200! " (4.607)2

2" (4.607)
= 4.607 .
Chapter 7: Page 21
7-94.
2x 2 ! 7x + 9
x + 4 2x 3 + x 2 ! 19x + 36
2x 3 + 8x 2
! 7x 2 ! 19x
!7x 2 ! 28x
9x + 36
9x + 36
0
7-95.
a.
c.
30(3+90)
= 1395
2
41(20+100)
= 2460
2
d.
41(20+100)
= 2460
2
46(37+262)
= 6877
2
b.
x 3 + xy 2 = x(x 2 + y 2 )
b.
7-96.
a.
x 3 ! xy 2 = x(x 2 ! y 2 ) = x(x + y)(x ! y)
c.
4x 2 (x 2 + y 2 )1 2 ! 4(x 2 + y 2 )3 2
(x 2 + y 2 )1 2 (4x 2 ! 4(x 2 + y 2 ))
!4y 2 (x 2 + y 2 )1 2
7-97.
(1 + 2 sin ! )2 + (2 cos ! )2 =
1 + 4 sin ! + 4 sin 2 ! + 4 cos2 ! =
1 + 4 sin ! + 4(sin 2 ! + cos2 ! ) =
1 + 4 sin ! + 4 =
5 + 4 sin !
7-98.
a.
d.
7-99.
lim f (x) = 4
x!4
b.
lim f (x) " does not exist
x!0
lim f (x) = "2
x!0 "
c.
e.
lim f (x) = "3
x!"#
lim f (x) = #
x!"3
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 12
200(1.0112 !1)
0.01
= $2536.50
Chapter 7: Page 22
Lesson 7.3.2
7-100.
1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729 = 1093
a.
c.
b.
3S = 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729 + 2187

d.
S = 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 + 729
3S S = 2S = 3279 1093 = 2186
This is twice as much as what was found in part (a).
7-101.
S = 1 + 5 + 25 + 125 + 625 + 3125 + 15625
a.
b.
5S = 5 + 25 + 125 + 625 + 3125 + 15625 + 78125
5S ! S = 78124 ! 1 = 78123
4S = 78123
S = 19531
c.
S = 5 + 15 + 45 + + 885735
S = 5 ! 30 + 5 ! 31 + 5 ! 32 + + 5 ! 311
3S = 5 ! 31 + 5 ! 32 + 5 ! 33 + + 5 ! 312
3S " S = 5 ! 312 " 5 ! 30
2S = 2657205 " 5 = 2657200
S = 1, 328, 600
d.
3 ! 729 = 2187 , 3 is the multiplier.

2S = 2186
S = 1093
S = 1 + 6 + 36 + ! + 7776
6S = 6 + 36 + 216 + ! + 46656
6S ! S = 46656 ! 1 = 46655
5S = 46655
S = 9331
S = 10000 + 1000 + + 0.001
S = 10 4 + 10 3 + + 10 !3
10S = 10 5 + 10 4 + + 10 !2
10S ! S = 10 5 ! 10 !3
9S = 100000 ! 0.001
9S = 99, 999.999
S = 11, 111.111
7-103.
The first term has no power of r, so we need to stop at (n ! 1) .
7-104.
a.
200(1 + 0.01)11 = 200(1.01)11
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 12
c.
200(1.0112 !1)
0.01
200(1.01)11 + 200(1.01)10 + ! + 200
b.
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 60
= $2536.50
7-105.
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 24
a.
200(1.0124 !1)
0.01
c.
b.
200(1.0160 !1)
0.01
= $5394.69
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 120

200(1.01120 !1)
0.01
= $46, 007.74
7-106.
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 240
a.
200(1.01240 !1)
0.01
= $16, 333.93
b.
200(1.01360 !1)
0.01
= $197, 851
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 360
Chapter 7: Page 23
= $698, 992.83
c.
a = 200,!r = 1.01,!n = 480

200(1.01480 !1)
0.01
= $2, 352, 954.50
Chapter 7: Page 24

7-107.
S = 1 ! 3 + 9 ! 27 + 81 ! 243 + 729 ! 2187 = !1640 . The method still works when r < 0.
7-108.
4(5+ x)
2
a.
= 200
4(5 + x) = 400
5 + x = 100
195 = 5r 3 + 5r 2 + 5r
39 = r 3 + r 2 + r
r=3
Series = 5 + 15 + 45 + 135
x = 95
95!5
3
200 = 5 + 5r + 5r 2 + 5r 3
b.
= 30
Series = 5 + 35 + 65 + 95
7-109.
a.
3(211 !1)
= 3(2047) = 6141
2!1
20(800+1560)
= 23, 600
2
0.02(311 ! 34 )
0.02(177, 066)
S=
b.
c.
S=
1
2
d.
3!1
+ + +
2
2
3
2
4 + 20
2
2
!1
$
20 # +10 &
"2
%
2
3541.32
2
20
= 1770.66
( 212 ) = 10(21) = 105

2
7-110.
S=
100(1.00512 !1)
1.005!1
100(0.0617)
0.005
= 1233.56
7-111.
2x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 1 !
2
2 x! 3
2x ! 3 4x 4 ! 2x 3 + 0x 2 ! 7x ! 5
4x 4 ! 6x 3
!!4x 3 ! 0x 2
!!!! 4x 3 ! 6x 2
!!!6x 2 ! 7x
!!!6x 2 ! 9x
!!!!!2x ! 5
!!!!!!!2x ! 3
!!!! ! 2
Diagram for 7-112.
7-112.
500 = 4x + 2y!!!!!y = 250 " 2x
di
A = xy = x(250 ! 2x)
This is a maximum when x = 62.5 ft.
2
Therefore y = 125 ft and the maximum area is 7812.5 ft .
Chapter 7: Page 25
7-113.
sin A = 45
cos B = 12
a.
b.
13
c.
sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + sin B cos A
=
d.
( 45 ) ( 1213 ) + ( 135 ) ( 53 ) = 6548 + 1565 = 6563
A
3
cos(A + B) = cos A cos B ! sin A sin B
13
( )( ) ! ( )( ) = ! =
63/65 = 63
tan(A + B) =
= 16/65
( 65 ) ( 1665 ) = 1663
=
e.
3 12
5
13
sin(A+ B)
cos(A+ B)
4
5
5
13
36
65
20
65
16
65
12
7-114.
a.
d = (2 ! 0)2 + (5 ! (!3))2 = 4 + 64 = 68 = 2 17
b.
midpoint =
= (1, 1)
( 0+22 , !3+5
2 )
5!(!3)
= 82 =
2!0
slope "= ! 14
(y ! 1) = ! 14 (x ! 1)
y = ! 14 (x ! 1) + 1
slope =
7-115.
a.
ar ! a = 24!!!!!!!!!!a(r ! 1) = 24
4
ar ! ar 3 = 648!!!!!!ar 3 (r ! 1) = 648
b.
Dividing the equations yields:

1
r3
24
648
1 !!!!!r
27
=3
r = 3!!!!!a(3 " 1) = 24!!!!!a = 12

Since we are looking at the difference the equations in part (a) can be written as:
ar ! a = !24
ar ! a = 24 Other solutions will come from:
4
4
3
ar ! ar 3 = !648
ar ! ar = 648
In this case a = 12.
If r = 3, then a(!3 ! 1) = 24!!"!!a = !6!!!or!!!!a(!3 ! 1) = !24!!"!!a = 6 .
Thus all four solutions in the form (a, r) are (12, 3), (12, 3), (6, 3), (6, 3).
Chapter 7: Page 26
Lesson 7.3.3
PROBLEM SET A
! 10 # 1 3 1
1.
2
" 3$ 2
( )( )
10% 3
= 120
( 12 )
10
& 0.117
2.
! 5 # (0.6)4 (0.4)5% 4 = 5(0.6)4 (0.4)1 & 0.259

" 4$
3.
! 4 # (0.8)4 (0.2)4% 4 = (0.8)4 & 0.410

" 4$
4.
! 4#
" 3$
( 43 ) ( 14 )
5.
! 4#
" 2$
( 15 ) ( 45 )
6.
! 6#
" 3$
( 16 ) ( 56 )
7.
! 18 #
" 16 $
8.
! 5 # 0.3 2 0.7 5%2 = 10 0.3 2 0.7 3 & 0.309

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
" 2$
4% 3
=6
6% 3
16
( 43 ) ( 14 )
1
( 15 ) ( 45 )
= 20
( 109 ) ( 101 )
7-117.
=4
18%16
% 0.154
( 16 ) ( 56 )
3
= 153
( 23 ) ( 23 ) = ( 23 )
& 0.0469
& 0.054
( 109 ) ( 101 )
16
& 0.284
a.
P(R, R) =
b.
Tracing along the branches of the tree: R, then B =
c.
d.
Tracing along the branches of the tree: B, then R =

.
Using the results from parts (b) and (c) indicates that the probability of getting one red and
one blue =
2!1
3 3
+ 13 ! 23 = 2
2!1
3 3
1!2
3 3
( 13 ! 23 ) .
7-118.
1
a.
P(B, B) = 14 ! 14 = 16
b.
You can get red then blue or blue then red.
7-119.
a.
See diagram at right.
b.
Using the diagram, P(2 reds) = p 2 .
c.
Using the diagram, P(2 blues) = q 2 .
d.
Using the diagram, P(one red and one blue) = pq + pq = 2 pq .
e.
p 2 + 2 pq + q 2 = ( p + q)2 = 12 = 1
p
p
q
p
q
Chapter 7: Page 27
= p2
= pq
= pq
= q2
7-120.
sin 2 u ! sin u + 0.24 = 0
a.
b.
Let v = sin u .
v 2 ! v + 0.24 = 0
c.
d.
v = sin(3x ! 5)
7-121.
(x + y)4 = x 4 + 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 + 4xy 3 + y 4
Let x = a and y = bc.
a 4 + 4a 3 (bc) + 6a 2 (bc)2 + 4a(bc)3 + (bc)4 =
a 4 + 4a 3bc + 6a 2b 2 c 2 + 4ab 3c 3 + b 4 c 4
7-122.
a.
See diagram at right.
0.7 3 = 0.343
b.
0.33 = 0.027
c.
d.
3(0.7)2 (0.3) = 0.441
e.
3(0.7)(0.3)2 = 0.189
7-123.
a.
y=k x
0.7
0.7 0.3
0.7
0.7 0.3
0.3
0.7
0.3 0.7
0.3
0.3 0.7
0.3
11 = k ! 4
11 = 2k
b.
f (0) = 11
0=0
2
f (4) = 11
4 = 11
2
k = 11
2
f (8) = 11
8 = 11
! 2 2 = 11 2
2
2
y = 11
x
2
7-124.
f (x) = 11
x
2
f (a 2 ) = 11
a2 =
2
sin ! 1 # cos ! sin ! (1 # cos ! )

"
=
1 + cos ! 1 # cos !
1 # cos2 !
sin ! (1 # cos ! )
=
sin 2 !
1 # cos !
=
sin !
11 a
2
1 ! cos "
1
cos "
=
!
= csc " ! cot " or tan
sin "
sin " sin "
( "2 )
7-125.
Chapter 7: Page 28
a.
x2 + x ! 6 = 0
x2 + x ! 6 = 0
(!3)2 + (!3) ! 6 = 0
9 ! 3! 6 = 0
(2)2 + (2) ! 6 = 0
4+2!6=0
b.
x 2 + 2x ! 6 = 0
(!1 + 7 )2 + 2(!1 + 7 ) ! 6 = 0
1! 2 7 + 7 ! 2 + 2 7 ! 6 = 0
!2 7 + 2 7 + 1 + 7 ! 2 ! 6 = 0
0=0
Chapter 7: Page 29
7-126.
d1 = d2 !!!!!t1 + t 2 = 10!!!!!t 2 = 10 " t1

r1t1 = r2t 2
10t1 = 15(10 " t1 )
10t1 = 150 " 15t1
25t1 = 150
t1 = 6
d = r1t1 = 10 # 6 = 60 miles
7-127.
If the y-axis is a line of symmetry then there is not a horizontal shift. The line y = 15
touches either the top or the bottom of the graph. Since the point (20, 50) is on the graph,
the line y = 15 must touch the bottom. If (20, 50) is the next point of symmetry and in the
middle, then the period is 80. Therefore the amplitude is 50 ! 15 = 35 and
!
80b = 2! !or!b = 40
. Hence a possible equation is y = 35 cos !40x + 50 .
( )
7-128.
a.
The zeros are at x = 1, 3, and 5. x < 1 or 3 < x < 5
The intervals to check are (!", 1),!(1, 3), (3, 5),!and!(5, ") .
Choose a point in each interval and check to see if it makes the inequality true.
(!", 1)!!choose!x = 0!!#!!(1 ! 0)(0 ! 3)(0 ! 5) = 15 > 0!!true
(1, 3)!!choose!x = 2!!#!!(1 ! 2)(2 ! 3)(2 ! 5) = !3 >/ 0!!false
(3, 5)!!choose!x = 4!!#!!(1 ! 4)(4 ! 3)(4 ! 5) = 3 > 0!!true
(5, ")!!choose!x = 6!!#!!(1 ! 6)(6 ! 3)(6 ! 5) = !15 >/ 0!!false
Therefore the solution set is x < 1!!or!!3 < x < 5 .
b.
x 2 ! 2x ! 15 < 0!!"!!(x ! 5)(x + 3) < 0
The zeros are at x = 3 and 5.
The intervals to check are (!", !3), (!3, 5),!and!(5, ") .
Choose a point in each interval and check to see if it makes the inequality true.
(!", !3)!!choose!x = !4!!#!!(!4 ! 5)(!4 + 3) = 9 </ 0!!false
(!3, 5)!!choose!x = 0!!#!!(0 ! 5)(0 + 3) = !15 < 0!!true
(5, ")!!choose!x = 6!!#!!(6 ! 5)(6 + 3) = 9 </ 0!!false
Therefore the solution set is 3 < x < 5 .
7-129.
d = kf
a.
b.
2 = k !10
k = 0.2
d = 0.2 f
d = 0.2 f
3=
1
5
f = 15 pounds
Chapter 7: Page 30
Chapter 7 Closure
7-130.
a.
The function must be cosine because it is even. If the increasing regions repeat every 4
units, then the period is 8 units. Since amplitude = 10 and 8b = 2! !or!b = !4 , a possible
equation is y = 10 cos !4 x .
y = 12 x odd!#
b.
c.
The given information indicates that there is a vertical asymptote at x = 2 and a horizontal
asymptote at y = 1. Therefore this is a rational function. A possible equation is
1 !1
y = x!2
.
d.
A function that has only one horizontal asymptote is an exponential function. Since it is
concave down it is reflected over the x-axis. Since the horizontal asymptote is y = 4, the
function has been shifted down 4 units. Thus a possible equation is y = !(2) x ! 4 .
( )
e.
Since the asymptotes are at x = 2 and x = 2, a possible equation is y =
f.
This will be an odd power function centered at x = 4. A possible equation is y = !(x ! 4)3 .
CL 7-131.
See graph below right.
!2 < x < 2
a.
x<0
c.
b.
d.
1
(x+2)(x!2)
1
x2 ! 4
x < !2 and x > 2

x>0
CL 7-132.
SA = 2! r 2 + 2! rh
V = ! r 2h
h=
V
! r2
SA = 2! r 2 + 2! r
SA = 2! r 2 +
( )
V
! r2
2V
r
CL 7-133.
15, 050 =
100(2+a2 )
2
30, 100 = 100(2 + a2 )

301 = 2 + a2
299 = a2
CL 7-134.
100 + 90 + 80 + ... ! 20 ! 18 ! 16 ! ...
10(100+10)
2
10(20+2)
!
= 1100
! 220
= 550 ! 110 = 440
2
2
2
Separate the positive terms from the negative. Each forms an arithmetic sequence.
Chapter 7: Page 31
CL 7-135.
3x + 4 +
9
x!2
x ! 2 3x 2 ! 2x + 1
3x 2 ! 6x
4x + 1
4x ! 8
9
The graph looks like the line 3 x + 4 globally, but has an asymptote at x = 2 .
CL 7-136.
(3 + 2x ! 1)2 + 24 = 10(3 + 2x ! 1)
Let u = 3 + 2x ! 1 .
u=6
u=4
3 + 2x ! 1 = 6 3 + 2x ! 1 = 4
2x ! 1 = 3
2x ! 1 = 1
2x ! 1 = 9
2x ! 1 = 1
2x = 10
2x = 2
x=5
x =1
u 2 + 24 = 10u
u 2 ! 10u + 24 = 0
(u ! 6)(u ! 4) = 0
u = 6!or!u = 4
Both answers check.
CL 7-137.
The signs are alternating so this must be subtraction. By looking at the pattern on the
exponents, the powers of x are decreasing by 1 and the power of y are increasing by 2.
Therefore start with (ax ! by 2 )? . The missing power must be 7 because
x 5 (y 2 )2 !!!!!5 + 2 = 7 . Now use the binomial formula to find a and b.
! 7 # (ax)5 (by 2 )2 = 84x 5 y 4 ! 7 # (ax)4 (by 2 )3 = %280x 4 y 6
" 5$
" 4$
5
5
2
4
5
4
21a x b y = 84x y
%35a 4 x 4 b 3 y 6 = %280x 4 y 6
a 5b 2 = 4
a 4b 3 = 8
Dividing the 2 new equations yields: ba = 12 !!or!!2a = b .
Substitute: a 5b 2 = 4
a 5 (2a)2 = 4
4a 7 = 4
a = 1!!!!!b = 2
Therefore the binomial is (x ! 2y 2 )7 .
Chapter 7: Page 32
CL 7-138.
a.
The series is arithmetic with a difference of 0.5.
There are 161 terms in the series.
b.
c.
an = 10 + 0.5(n ! 1)
90 = 10 + 0.5(n ! 1)
80 = 0.5(n ! 1)
161(10+90)
S161 =
= 8050
160 = n ! 1
2
161 = n
The series is geometric with a ratio of 1.05. There are 21 terms in the series.
an = 20(1.05)n!1
20(1.05)20 = 20(1.05)n!1
20 = n ! 1
21 = n
The series is geometric with a ratio of ! 12 .
There are 7 terms in the series.
S7 =
( )
( )
7%
"
400 $ 1! ! 1 '
2 &
#
1
1! !
2
= 268.75
S21 =
= 714.385
( 12 )
n!1
6.25 = 400 ( ! 12 )
1 = ! 1 n!1
64 ( 2 )
6
n!1
( 12 ) = ( ! 12 )
n!1
an = 400 !
6 = n !1
7=n
7-139.
After 1 hour the area of the base = 81!
5
9
20(1!1.05 21 )
1!1.05
12
base radius (x)
5x = 108
x = 21.6
After 3 hours the area of the base = 1465.74 ft 2
CL 7-140.
x 2 ! 4x + y 2 + 6y = 12
slope =
x 2 ! 4x + 4 + y 2 + 6y + 9 = 12 + 4 + 9
5!3x 32
3x
=k
5!9 = k
k = 45
b.
4
3
" slope = !
(x ! 2)2 + (y + 3)3 = 25
Center (2, 3)
CL 7-141.
a.
5 ! 3(x+2) = k ! 3x
1!(!3)
5!2
3
4
y ! 1 = ! 43 (x ! 5)!!or!!y + 3 = ! 43 (x ! 2)
6 ! 2(x+ k) = 24 ! 2 x
6!2 x 2 k
2x
6 ! 2k
= 24
= 24
2k = 4
k=2
c.
20 ! 2 3x"1 = 10 ! k x
2 ! 2 3x"1 = k x
2(3x"1)+1 = k x
2 3x = k x
( 2 3 )x = k x
8x = k x
k=8
Chapter 7: Page 33
Note: x ! 0
Chapter 7: Page 34
CL 7-142.
1+cos(2 x)
a.
=
sin(2 x)
1+1!2 sin 2 x
2 sin x cos x
2!2 sin 2 x
2 sin x cos x
1!sin 2 x
sin x cos x
cos2 x
sin x cos x
cos x
sin x
b.
( 4x ) ! sin2 ( 4x ) =
cos ( 2 ( 4x ) ) = cos ( 2x )
cos2
=
=
=
= cot x
(1 + cot 2 y)(cos 2y + 1) =
c.
!
#" 1 +
cos2 y $
&
sin 2 y %
( cos2 y ' sin2 y + 1) =

cos2 y
sin 2 y
1 ' sin 2 y +
cos 4 y+cos2 y
sin 2 y
cos2 y +
cos 4 y+cos2 y
sin 2 y
cos2 y sin 2 y+cos 4 y+cos2 y

sin 2 y
cos2 y(sin 2 y+cos2 y+1)

sin 2 y
cos2 y ' sin 2 y + 1 +
cos 4 y
sin 2 y
' cos2 y +
cos2 y(2)
sin 2 y
= 2 cot 2 y
Chapter 7: Page 35

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Chapter 7: Algebra for College Mathematics Courses

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Review and Preview 7.1.1

See sample graph at right.

Brittany; segments connecting any two points on the graph

Period : 4" b = 2" !!#!!b =

Period: " b = 2" !!#!!b = 2

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

2(x ! 3)(x + 1) + 3 = 7(x + 1)

!(!11) (!11)2 ! 4(2)(!10)

tan !1 2 1.107 radians, (63.435) or 2.034 radians (180 63.435 = 116.565).

distance = (r ! t)2 + (s ! u)2

Changing of sign of x does not

They are symmetric about the y-axis.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Changing the sign of x changes

Neither f (!x) = (!x)2 + 3(!x)3

Even g(!x) = (!x)2 + cos2 (!x)

Odd h(!x) = (!x)!1 + 2 sin(!x)

Review and Preview 7.1.2

Sine is odd, cosine is even.

Increasing: (2, 4); Decreasing: (, 2) (4, );

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

( 1.22! (x " 1.7) ) + 33

Because the period of the graph is less

0.3445 = x " 1.7

= 103 = 0.3 x0 = 1, x1 = 1.3, x2 = 1.6, x3 = 1.9, x4 = 2.2, x5 = 2.5,

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

Review and Preview 7.2.1

Graph or average the x-intercepts (x = 0 and

Diagram for 7-38.

!(!4) (!4)2 ! 4(1)(!4)

= 49 ! 70 cos " + 25 cos2 "

= sin 2 ! + sin ! cos ! + sin ! cos ! + cos2 !

This is a maximum when x = 50.

They should be 37.5 ft wide and 50 ft long.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

91 2 x+1 = 32(1 2 x+1) = 3x+2 = 3x ! 32 = 9 ! 3x

CPM Educational Program 2012

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No value associated with v = 3.

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

center: (!3, 2) ; radius: 8

Review and Preview 7.2.2

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

1 ! 2 cos " + cos2 " + sin 2 " =

2x + y = 120 ! y = 120 " 2x

!14 < x < 14

CPM Educational Program 2012

Pre-Calculus with Trigonometry

7-58. Solution continued from previous page.