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AntonIo SIleo
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1. Introduction
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Italian transmission system operator (TSO) provided for by the lawdecree (D.L.) of January 24th 2012,
n.1, modified in Law (L.) 24th March
2012, n.27, and by the decree of the
Prime Minister (DPCM) 25 th May
2012, should play a major role in
contributing to supply security and,
in general, national energy security
(Sileo; 2012).2 However, energy security is not exclusively guaranteed
by a long-term strategy; a comprehensive approach also demands the
ability to manage possible shortterm supply shocks. The Italian gas
system has recently faced critical
situations, in particular in 2005 and
2006. Based on its practical experience, Italy has learned how to cope
with emergencies, and always managed to ensure the supplies for its
final domestic consumers. Moreover, since 2008, gas consumption
has dropped, thanks to the financial
crisis. Having stopped growing, by
It is important to say that Italian natural gas domestic production has inverted the trend since July 2011, returning to increase.
According to the Italian legislation a decree-law is a decree passed by the Italian Government as an urgent measure, which has to
be approved by the Parliament within 60 days in order to become law.
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Italian natural gas demand has continued to shrink over the last decade,
aside from a minor and temporary
recovery in 2010. This decline was
anticipated, and indeed industry-led
since 2004: total industrial consumption has dropped by more than 35%
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Regulation n. 994/2010.
With other civil consumers, whose total consumption is less than 50,000 cubic meters per year.
6.
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7.
4. Environmental
implications
The Ilva Case
The Ilva plant in Taranto is the largest steelworks in Europe. Last year, it
was investigated for its environmental impact. After the government
commissioner was appointed to
manage the plants transition, there
has been much discussion of ways
to achieve more sustainable production in the medium and long term.
The production activities of Ilva have
been deemed so harmful to the environment in terms of pollution that
multiple measures to limit the production itself have been taken. The
repeated shutdowns of some parts
of the plant in recent years. This culminated with an AIA (Autorizzazione Integrata Ambientale) decision
to limit production to 8 mt of steel
per year. This has had repercussions
for the entire Italian steel industry,
which was already in trouble.
Among the potential plans for modernising the plant to make it more
competitive and sustainable, one
entails a radical change in the pro-
Just planned to face the lack of gas requirements coverage in case of adverse climate events in the
decree of the former Ministry of Industry on 26th September 2001.
Kyoto Protocol
meeting on
December
10, 2009 in
Copenhagen.
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ductant chemical reactions generated by coke and carbon oxides (developed through the combustion of
coke).
the biggest deterrent to the development of natural gas in the transportation sector, considering also
the limited autonomy of the CNGpowered vehicles. In recent years
progress have been made in the
The use of natural gas for transportation
is one of the objectives of the European
Commission.
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The use of natural gas for transportation is one of the objectives of the
European Commission: Member
States are to adopt national policies
in order to develop markets for alternative fuels and their infrastructures. In fact, the EU aims to promote the sustainable development
of the transport sector, accelerating the use of fuel-efficient vehicles
for transport, thereby reducing CO2
emissions. Italy is responding to this
with the increasing use of natural
gas-powered vehicles, in particular
CNG (compressed natural gas) cars
and commercial vehicles. Indeed,
CNG vehicles currently represent a
concrete answer to two key factors:
the reduction of CO2 emissions along
with costs for motorists. Although
the consumption of natural gas for
vehicles constitutes only 1.23% of
total demand, the sector has experience rapid growth recently, and Italy
is now the leading EU country in
terms of CNG vehicle adoption, with
847,000 units. In the EU, three natural gas vehicles out of four are Italian.
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5. Final remarks
ply, as it stated in the National Energy Strategy (SEN). Looking at Italys past experiences, it is difficult to
argue that TAP alone will be able to
provide additional gas in the event of
a major interruption coinciding with
a demand peak. It can, however, improve supply conditions to the soonto-be-build storage infrastructures,
especially in the event of a structural
reduction in imports from one of the
exporting countries.
the long term perspective, the additional gas can be used in transportation, with a lower environmental
impact.
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