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DOI 10.1007/s12517-009-0036-2
ORIGINAL PAPER
Received: 10 September 2008 / Accepted: 20 January 2009 / Published online: 7 March 2009
# Saudi Society for Geosciences 2009
Introduction
The shallow seismic refraction techniques is considered one of
the most effective methods for determining the depth of the
bedrock and the ground water, the lithology type, the lateral
and vertical changes in lithology, and investigating the
structural features such as micro faults. The evaluated seismic
velocities can be used in the interpretation of lithology,
structural features and the zones of solution cavities. Shallow
A. K. Abd El-Aal (*) : A. A. Mohamed
National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics,
Helwan,
Cairo, Egypt
e-mail: dewaky@nriag.sci.eg
106
Site description
The investigated site is located southeast to Cairo between
latitudes 29 39 40 and 29 39 50N and longitudes 31 23
26 and 31 24 07E (Fig. 1). The site constitutes a small part
of the desert which separates the Eastern Desert from the
Nile Valley. The area under investigation is a wadi plain. The
geology of the area lying between Eastern Desert and Nile
Valley southeast Cairo where the investigated site is located
has been well studied (Fahmy 1969; Said 1962, 1971, 1990;
Hemdan 1992). Field investigations in the area reveal a
complex sequence of sedimentary rocks ranging in age from
Miocene to Quaternary. The surface of the site is mainly
composed of Quaternary gravelly sand. According to the
geology of the area established by the above-mentioned
authors and the borehole data near the study area under
Fig. 1 Location map of the
investigated site
107
Data acquisition
The most common types of profiles that can be used in
refraction work are: (1) forward and reverse profiles
consisting of a pair of shot points (SP) which surround a
common geophone spread, (2) split profiles consisting of a
single shot point surrounded by a pair of geophone spread,
and (3) in-offset profiles consisting of shot points at different
distances on both sides of a common geophone spread.
In this study, a new technique has been used to acquire
and process the data. A number of detectors were placed on
Fig. 3 P-wave seismic profiles
at the investigated site
108
Geometrics StrataView
15 m
0.125 ms
256 ms
SEG-2
40 Hz (vertical)
Weight drop 180 kg
109
110
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Profile No
1+2+3
5
6
7+8+9
10
11
12
4+13
Velocity of first
layer (m/s)
704
730
733
770
765
711
730
799
Velocity of second
layer (m/s)
1,995
1,925
1,945
1,959
1,990
1,954
1,980
1,907
Velocity of third
layer (m/s)
2,881
2,870
2,820
2,817
2,897
2,831
2,895
2,832
thickness of
first layer
thickness of
second layer
Min. (m)
Max. (m)
Min (m)
Max. (m)
0.25
0.25
0.25
1
1
3
3
3
12
5
4
12
8
6
10
10
9
13
16
16
11
7
10
25
53
34
35
45
32
19
25
45
111
Conclusions
Near-surface seismic refraction surveys can provide information about the subsurface velocity profile and subsurface
structure. They can also provide detailed knowledge of
112
qualified cadres during the field work as well as all other facilities
required for this research.
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