ABSTARACT

why do human beings aggress against others what makes them turn with fierce.
Thought fly persons have ponters these questions for centuries and have proposes
many contrasting explanations for the paradox of human violence. We’ll examine
several that have been especially influentices , concluding with the modern answer
provided by socials psychologists.
 AGGRESSION

Violence and aggression are the most vital issue with modern society faces.
Despite wide spread education, independence, freedom of thought and speech.
Freedom from deprivation fulfillment of basic needs and wants improvement in social
economics conditions and style of living in many countries aggregation and violence are
one of the rise more over the cold war between big and small nation on various social
economical cultural geographical and political issues are in the increases inspite of
various world peace groups with increase in atomic explosions and atomic power groups
the matter has further worsened and no one knows what will happen to human life next
moment. The grave fear of succumblnd to one’s aggregation implses and starting atomic
war is al soon the rise. All these on going circumstances have provides food for though
to psychologist, particularly social psychologist to find out why aggressive and hostile
behavior etc. are gradually increases and how aggressiveneds can be uprooted prevent.
If not at least reduce to save the mankind .from violence and war.

Freud and many other psychologists have considered aggression as global

instinctive, steam boiler like force. This is popularly known as the death instinct which
according to Freud is basically inevitable for self preservation and reproduction. Adler
also considered aggression as an instive but it is not same as the “Death instive of frud
”.Aggression according to Al Alder is self protection and the affirmation of the self.
Freud identifies aggression with an urge to destroy, where as ader views it as an urge to
dominate and sbdue.

Behavior that is angry and desdrelive and intended to be injurious physically or

emotionally and aimed at domination of one animal by another. It may be manifested
by overt attacking and destracking behavior or by convert attitudes of hostility and
obstructionism. The most common behavior problem seen in dogs. Aggressions is kind
of behavior which may be characterized as hostile destructive war like attitude etc. it s a
behavior directed towards the goal of harming another living behind. It is the
intentionas infliction of some form of harm on other suffering. It is also common form of
social behavior. Human aggression is a matter of research in social psychology various
research programmes have been condueted to study it, to controed it to and prevented
it. The nature and origin of such social behavior are carefully studied.

(1)INNATE TENDENCT

The oldest explanation for human for human aggression is the basic nature. The
instinet theory of aggression tells us that aggression tells us that aggregation is a part of
the essential human nature. Sigmurnt frely the great supporter of this theory tells us
that aggression on stens mainly form a powerful defeat wish instinct prossesed by all
persons according to freud this initially is initially ainned at self destroyed but is so on
redireeted towords other.

(2)BIOLOGICAL THEORY

Social psychologist recognises the importance of biological faetors in many forms of

social behavior and aggression is no expeetion to this general pattern. Some individual
towords aggression. This researches condueted careful analysis of the blood chemistry
of 3 groups of persons.

(3)DRIVER THEORY

Aggression stems from an externally elicited driver to harm others. This theory purposes
the extern as condition such as frustration a rouses a strong motive to harm others.
(4)SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

This approach emphasizes that aggresile behavior are learned either through direct
experience and practice or through observation of others. Aggression is like other
compen from of learned social behaviour.

(5)PROVOCATION

Action by other that theory to trigger aggression on the recipii of ten because it refers to
provocation from other. It often spirous upword from mild minon tounts to strongen
insults and form pughing or shoving kicks, blows or worse.

(6)EXPOSURE TO MEDIA VIOLENCE

Now-a days many popular film contain large amount of violence. Theory are really in
more in graphics form. But the effect of these forms are found on the people those
withness the media vience social psychologist have conducted experiment on the effect
of written in aggression.

(7)SEXUAL SEALOSUY AND AGGRESSION

Sexual jealousy refers to perspetion of a threat to a romantic relationship by a rival for

one’s partner. Generally femates experience storger fellings of anger at both the partner
and the rival than males.
 CONTROL
(1)PUNISHMENT

Punishment is a technique for reducing overt aggression is a deliver of oversive

cosequenees in order to decrease some behaviour. Punishment can succeed in deten
individuals from engading in many form of behaviour. However such effect are neither
automatic unless punishment is administered in accordance with basic principles it can
be totally in effective in this respect. There are certain conditions for punishment
succeed first it must be prompt. It must follow aggressive aeting as quick as possible
second it must be certain. Third it must be strong. Finally it must be seen as oustified.

Capital punishment is a continuling controversy in many states. The united states

and other countries exate perons convicted for murder and other crimes of violence.
Whether it serves as a useful deterrent to other potiential criminals remains an open
question.

(2)CATHORSIS

Catharsis hypothesis is the theoty that if angry persons can express their
aggressive implises inrelatively safe ways. They will be less likely to engage in more
harmful forms of aggression. If individual give vert to their anger and hostility in some
relativity non harmful way, their left tendereles to more dangerous forms of aggression.
May be reduced an the one hand. Participating in forms of aggression may produce
temporary reduction in arousal. But films of anger may quickly returns when
MATTERNAL AGGRESSION

The dam’s protection of her young, a variant of dominance aggression.

NON AFFECTIVE AGGRESSION

Without automatic activation

PAIN-INDUEED AGGRESSION

Defensive aggression trigger by pain

PLAY AGGRESSION

Biting, nipping and growing at people or other animals during play.

POSSESSIVE AGGRESSION

A form of dominance aggression the animals is rating against some one or

another animals trying to remove during ply.

PREDATORY AGGRESSION

Directed towards any kind of animal including dogs and humans, or even
inanimate objects. Typically, it is ellcited by something that ismoving quickly.

PROTECTIVE AGGRESSION

The animals is protecting its territory see territorial aggression.

REDIRECTED AGGRESSION

Occurs when the animal is touched or restraind by a human or another animals,

while it is fighting or threatening.

TERRITORIAL AGGRESSION

Behaviour directed towards the difference of an area by an individual or a group

against entry by others usually members of same species but the trait is developed in
guard dogs that protees property from human intruders. Individuals meet on merely
think about the person who previously annoyes them.

(3)COGNITIVE INTERVENTION

Research suggest that excuses or apologies that make reference to cause beyond
the excuse giver’s control are much more effective than one’s that refers to events
within the persons control. We are much less likely to get angry when to be an attempt
to conceas true malicious intent. So both excuses and apologies can be effective at
cognitive strategies strategies for reducing aggression. It can be activities than bave no
connection to anger and aggression.

AFFECTIVE AGGRESSION

Involves intense patterned automatic activation with sympathetic and adrenal

stimulation.

FEAR INDUCED AGGRESSION

Accompanied by may be associated with previous unpleasant experience.

FOOD RELATED AGGRESSION

Directed towards people or animals when approached while eating. An early

indicator of the risk of developing dominance aggression.

INREFEMALE AGGRESSION

Dominance aggression between females.

INTERMALE AGGRESSION

Fighting between males, most commonly tomacats; including elements of

competitive territorial and sexual aggression.
 CONCLUSION

With the advance of evolutionary perspective psychology however, this situation

has changed considerably. While most social psychologists continue to reject the view
than human aggression on stems largely from innate factors many now accept the
possibility that genetic factors play some role in human aggression. For instance
consider the following reasoning based on an evolutionary perspective. In the past
males seeking desirable mates found it necessary to complete with other males one way
of eliminating such competition of course, is through successful aggression, which
drives such rivals away or may even eliminate them entirely providing fatas because
males who were adept as such behaviour may have been more successful in securing
mates and in transmitting their genes to offspring this may have led to the development
of genetically influences tendency for males to aggress against other males. In constrast
males would not be expected to again a similar tendency to aggress against females
because females may view males who engage in such behaviour such as too dangerous
to themselves and potential future children and so may reject these males as
potentialmatter. As a result, males may have weaker tenderer to aggress against
females than against other males. In contrast female might aggress equally against
males and females or even more frequently against males than females. In fact, the
resuis offereus recent studies conform such prediction males teenagers are more likely
to engage inaggressive against other males than against females while for females,
corresponding differences do not occur. Finding such as these suggest that biological or
genetic factors may indeed play some role in human aggression, although in a much
more complex manner than freud, Lorenz, nad other early theories suggested. We will
return to this possibility at latter points in this chapter but we wanted to note early on
that where the role of biological features in human aggression is concerned the
pendulum of scientific opinion has shifted considerably in recent tears.