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SYSTEM
Modul 11 Coverage Planning
Traffic Forecasting:
To measure the demand on targeted marked so as to
allow an appropriate growth of the Network.
Coverage:
To obtain the ability of the network ensure the availability
of the service in the entire service area.
Capacity:
To support the subscriber traffic with sufficiently low
blocking and delay.
Quality:
Linking the capacity and the coverage and still provide the
required QoS.
Costs:
To enable an economical network implementation when
the service is established and a controlled network
expansion during the life cycle of the network.
Goal
Capacity
Coverage
Quality
Capacity
Analysis of required
capacity
Atot = (Erlang)
System capacity of
the allocated BW
Asel = (Erl / cell)
Number of cell
Atot /Asel = (cell)
Cell Area
Servis Area
Numberof Ceel
Cell Area
Cell Radius
2,6
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
Prediction of
traffic needed
until the next
few years
(statistical
analysis of
demand)
END
Quality
Yes
OPTIMATION
Threshold handover
Power Transmitt
Noise Figure, dll
No
QUALITY
OK ?
Coverage
Cakupan
sel
Dimensi
suatu
jaringan
Kapasitas
sel
DIMENSI JARINGAN
Kapasitas Sel
Cakupan Sel
KEBUTUHAN SEL
Metode Trafik
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
Model Path
loss
System
Gain
Radius
Sel
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
Tipe
Modulasi
dan Coding
Link Budget
Komponen-komponen dalam perancangan link budget
Perhitungan RADIUS secara teoritis dilakukan pada perancangan link budget.
Gain sistem merupakan budget energi dari sistem berdasarkan profil sistem
Margin Sistem merupakan nilai loss yang diperkirakan akan dialami oleh sistem
ketika dioperasikan.
Radius sel merupakan keluaran dari proses perhitungan link budget.
Radius sel DIPREDIKSI dengan menggunakan model propagasi.
Gain Sistem
Margin
Sistem
Radius Sel
Daya Pancar
Fading Margin
Model Propagasi
Gain Antena
Interference Margin
Frekuensi Operasi
Sensitivitas Penerima
Loss penetrasi
bangunan
Tinggi Antena
pemancar/penerima
Gain/loss sistem
lainnya
Jarak Referensi
LINK BUDGET
Gain
Sistem
Margin
Sistem
Radius
Sel
Daya Pancar
Fading Margin
Model Propagasi
Gain Antena
Interference Margin
Frekuensi Operasi
Sensitivitas
Penerima
Loss penetrasi
bangunan
Tinggi Antena
pemancar/penerima
Gain/loss sistem
lainnya
Jarak Referensi
Feeder Loss
Tx Power
Receiver Sensitivity
Noise Figure, dll
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
WiMAX
Link Budget
path loss
TXer
Txer
component
Rxer
component
RXer
Mobile parameters
- Tx PA output (max)
- Cable loss
- Antenna gain
-------- (Subsc. ERP max,
dB)
Environmental margins
- Fading margin
- Environmental
attenuation
- Cell overlap
-------------------Modul
11 - Coverage Planning (dB)
Site
Accepted?
Planning and
Zoning Board
EMF Compliance
Site activation
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
Search Area:
SQT:
Site acceptance:
- EMF identify the source of EM from the site itself and surrounding area
- to ensure it complies with personal safety and government regulation
- incorporated the type of Txer, power, frequency range, etc
- method for calculating EMF, e.g. IEEE C95.1 1991 standard
Site activation:
- when every steps above is OK, the cell site/BTS could be placed and
turn on
ENGINEERING
MODEL
Whats New on 3G
Multiservice environment:
Highly sophisticated radio interface.
Bit rates from 8 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s, also variable
rate.
Cell coverage and service design for multiple
services:
different bit rate
different QoS requirements.
Various radio link coding/throughput adaptation
schemes.
Interference averaging mechanisms:
need for maximum isolation between cells.
Best effort provision of packet data.
Intralayer handovers
Whats New on 3G
Air interface:
Capacity and coverage coupled.
Fast power control.
Planning a soft handover overhead.
Cell dominance and isolation
Vulnerability to external interference
Whats New on 3G
2G
and 3G:
1st. Coverage
coverage regions;
area type information:
propagation conditions:
Indoor, outdoor
Interference margin:
it is needed due to the traffic loading of the cell. The more loading is
allowed, the larger is the interference margin needed in the uplink, and the
smaller is the coverage area. Typical values for the interference margin are
1.03.0 dB, corresponding to 2050% Cell loading.
Some headroom is needed in MS TX power for maintaining adequate
closed loop fast power control to be able to effectively compensate the fast
fading. Typical values for the fast fading margin are 2.05.0 dB for slowmoving MS.
Soft handover gives an additional macro diversity gain against fast fading
by reducing the required Eb/No relative to a single radio link. The soft
handover gain is assumed between 2.0 and 3.0 dB
BS
Cell Range
Cell Range
Value
LTE Duplex
FDD
Frequency
Frequency DL
2110-2170 MHz
Frequency UL
1920-1980 MHz
Bandwidth
AMC (QPSK,16QAM,64QAM)
& ,
Proportional Fair
Scheduling
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
Value
PTx (dbm)
46 dbm
Gain Antena Tx
18 dbi
Jumper Cable
0.2 db/m
Feeder Cable
0,4db/km
Rx Sensitivity (dbm)
-100 dbm
Gain Antena Rx
18 dbi
TMA / MHA
13 db
Sector
Element:
Frekuency
150 - 1500 MHz
1500 - 2000 MHz
CM =
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
A
B
69.55 26.16
46.3
33.9
0 dB
3 dB
UL Calculate
UL Radius Cell
DL Calculate
DL Radius Cell
Radius Cell
Balance
Number of Cell
UL Calculate
Value
Kbps
1024
a. Tx Power
dBm
23
b. Tx Antenna Gain
dB
c. Body Loss
dB
d. EIRP
dBm
23
a+b+c
e. Noise Figure
dB
2.2
f. Thermal Noise
dBm
-107.13
k*T*B
g. SINR
dB
-1.95
h. Receiver Sensitivity
dBm
-106.88
e+f+g
i. Interference Margin
dB
1.81
j. TMA Gain
dB
k. Rx antenna gain
dBi
18
l. Loss System
dB
0.4
MAPL
dB
147.67
d-h-i+j+k-l
Data Rate
Info
MAPL = 147.67
Transmitter - UE
Receiver - eNodeB
Radius = 0.99 Km
DL Calculate
Value
Kbps
2048
a. Tx Power
dBm
43
b. Tx Antenna Gain
dB
18
c. Loss System
dB
-2
d. EIRP
dBm
59
a+b+c
e. Ue Noise Figure
dB
f. Thermal Noise
dBm
-104.45
k*T*B
g. SINR
dB
-1.8
h. Receiver Sensitivity
dBm
-99.25
e+f+g
i. Interference Margin
dB
1.78
dB
k. Rx antenna gain
dBi
l. Body Loss
dB
MAPL
dB
155.47
d-h-i-j+k-l
Transmiter - EnodeB
Info
Transmitter - eNodeB
MAPL = 147.67
Receiver - UE
Radius = 0.98 Km
L = 2,6 d2
L = 1,3. 2.6 . d2
L = 1,95 . 2.6 . d2
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
25 Site
Planning Coverage
Studi Kasus LTE
MAPL Calculation
Data Rate
Transmitter - eNodeB
a. Tx Power
b. Tx Antenna Gain
c. Loss System
d. EIRP
Info
dBm
dB
dB
dBm
46
18
3
61
a
b
c
a+b+c
Receiver - UE
e. Ue Noise Figure
f. Thermal Noise
g. SINR
h. Receiver Sensitivity
i. Interference Margin
dB
dBm
dB
dBm
dB
7
-102.7
-5
-100.7
3
e
k*T*B
g
e+f+g
i
dB
dBi
dB
1
0
0
j
k
l
MAPL
dB
157.7
d-h-i-j+k-l
Propagation Model
Okumura-Hatta
Lp 69,55 26,16 log f 13,82 log hB - CH [44,9 6,55 log hB] log d
Cost 231-Hatta
Lp 46,3 33,9 (logfc ) 13,82 loghT a(hR ) (44,9 6,55loghT )logd CM
SUI
Lp 109.78 47.9 log (d/100)
Pathloss SUI
Lp = 109.78 + 47.9 log (d/100)
Radius Calculation
L = 2,6 d2
L = 1,3 . 2,6 . d2
L = 1,95 . 2,6 . d2
Modul 11 - Coverage Planning
Radius Calculation
For Omni directional
L = 2,6 d2
L 2.6 x (1)
L 2.6 km 2
For trisectoral
L = 1,95 . 2,6 . d2
2
Number of eNodeB
N eNodeB
km 2
242.928 / 5.07
NeNodeB 48