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Affix
Meaning
Examples
etymology
a-, an-
not, without
Analgesic, apathy
Latin
Abduction
abdomin(o)-
Of or relating to
Abdomen
the abdomen
-ac, -acal
pertaining to
Greek - (-akos)
cardiac, hydrophobiac
acanth(o)-
thorn or spine
Ancient
Greek (akantha),
thorn
acous(io)-
Of or relating
Greek
to hearing
(acoustikos), of or for
acoumeter, acoustician
hearing
acr(o)-
-acusis
extremity,
Greek (akron),
topmost
hearing
Greek
paracusis
(acoustikos), of or for
hearing
-ad
toward, in the
dorsad
direction of
ad-
Latin
Adduction
toward
aden(o)-,
Of or relating to
Ancient Greek , -
aden(i)-
a gland
adip(o)-
Of or relating
Adipocyte
Latin
adrenal artery
Greek , without
Anaemia
to fat or fatty
tissue
adren(o)-
Of or relating
to adrenal glands
-aemia (BrE)
blood condition
blood
aer(o)-
air, gas
Greek ,
Aerosinusitis
aesthesio-
sensation
Greek
Anesthesia
-al
pertaining to
Latin -alis
abdominal, femoral
alb-
Denoting a white
Albino
(BrE)
or pale color
alge(si)-
pain
Greek
Analgesic
-algia,alg(i)o-
pain
Greek
Myalgia
all(o)-
Denoting
Ancient
Alloantigen, allopathy
something as
Greek (allos),
different, or as an
another, other
addition
ambi-
Denoting
something as
on both sides
positioned on
both sides;
describing both of
Ambidextrous
two
amni-
Pertaining to the
Greek
Amniocentesis
membranous
fetal sac (amnion)
amph(i)-,
on both sides
Greek (amphi)
an-
not, without
Greek
Analgesia
ana-
back, again, up
Greek
Anaplasia
an-
anus
Latin
anal
andr(o)-
pertaining to
Greek , -
a man
angi(o)-
blood vessel
Greek
Angiogram
aniso-
Describing
Ancient Greek
Anisocytosis, anisotropic
something as
(ansos), unequal
unequal
ankyl(o)-
Denoting
Ancient Greek
,ancyl(o)-
something as
Ankylosis
crooked or bent
ante-
Describing
something as
front of
antepartum
positioned in front
of another thing
anti-
Describing
something as
against
Antibody, antipsychotic
'against' or
'opposed to'
another
apo-
away, separated
Ancient Greek
Apoptosis
from, derived
from
arch-
first, primitive
Ancient Greek
archinephron
arsen(o)-
Of or pertaining
Greek (arsein)
arsenoblast
Of or pertaining
Ancient
Arteriole, artery
to an artery
Greek (artra), a
to a male;
masculine
arteri(o)-
Of or pertaining
Ancient Greek
to the joints,
Arthritis
limbs
articul(o)-
joint
Latin articulus
Articulation
-ary
pertaining to
Latin -arius
biliary tract
-ase
enzyme
Greek , division
Lactase
-asthenia
weakness
Greek,
Myasthenia gravis
atel(o)-
imperfect or
atelocardia
incomplete
development
ather(o)-
Atherosclerosis
gruel-like deposit
-ation
process
Latin
medication
atri(o)-
an atrium (esp.
Latin
atrioventricular
Aural
Greek -
Autoimmune
heart atrium)
aur(i)-
Of or pertaining
to the ear
aut(o)-
self
aux(o)-
increase; growth
axill-
Of or pertaining
Axilla
to the armpit
(uncommon as a
prefix)
azo(to)-
nitrogenous
compound
substances in blood
B
Affix
bacteri(o)-
Meaning
Pertaining to bacteria
Example(s)
Bacteriophage, Bactericide
small staff
balano-
Balanitis
clitoridis
bas(o)-
Of or pertaining to base
Basolateral
bi-
twice, double
Latin
Binary
bio-
life
Biology
blast(o)-
germ or bud
Greek (blasts)
Blastomere
blephar(o)-
Blepharoplast
brachi(o)-
Brachium of inferior
colliculus
brachycephalic
commonly 'little'
shallow
brady-
'slow'
Bradycardia
bronch(i)-
Bronchitis, bronchiolitis
(brnkhos), windpipe
obliterans
brachy-
bucc(o)-
Buccolabial
burs(o)-
Bursa, bursitis
bones)
C
Affix
capill-
Meaning
Of or pertaining to
Example(s)
Capillus
Capitation
hair
capit-
Pertaining to the
head (as a whole)
carcin(o)-
cancer
Carcinoma
cardi(o)-
Of or pertaining to
Cardiology
Of or pertaining to
Carpopedal
the wrist
the heart
carp(o)-
down, under
Greek (kata)
Cataract, catabolism
-cele
pouching, hernia
Hydrocele, Varicocele
-centesis
surgical puncture
Amniocentesis
Cephalalgy,hydrocephalus
for aspiration
cephal(o)-
Of or pertaining to
head
whole)
cerat(o)-
cerebell(o)-
Of or pertaining to
kerat-), a horn
Of or pertaining to
Cerebellum
Cerebrology
Cervicodorsal
Ceratoid
the cerebellum
cerebr(o)-
Of or pertaining to
the brain
cervic-
Of or pertaining to
the neck, the cervix
chem(o)-
chemistry, drug
Greek
Chemotherapy
chir(o)-,
Of or pertaining to
Chiropractor
cheir(o)-
the hand
cheiro-), hand
chlor(o)-
Denoting a green
color
green, yellow-green
Of or pertaining
Of or pertaining to
Ancient Greek
Cholecystectomy
the gallbladder
chol(e)-
Chlorophyll
to bile
cholecyst(o)-
cartilage, gristle,
Chondrocalcinosis
granule, granular
chrom(ato)-
color
Hemochromatosis
-cidal, -cide
killing, destroying
Latin
bacteriocidal
cili-
Of or pertaining to
Ciliary
Circumcision
Denoting something
as 'around' another
cis-
on this side
Latin (cis)
clast
break
Greek "broken"
osteoclast
clostr-
spindle
Greek (klstr)
Clostridium difficile
co-
with, together, in
Latin
coenzymes
colon
(klon)
Colonoscopy
Of or pertaining to
Colposcopy
the vagina
com-
with, together
Latin
contra
against
Latin
cor-
with, together
Latin
cor-, core-,
Of or pertaining to
coro-
eye's pupil
cordi-
Of or pertaining to
Commotio cordis
Greater cornu
association
col-, colo-,
colonocolp(o)-
Contraindicate
Corectomy
the heart
(uncommon as a
prefix)
cornu-
Applied to
processes and parts
of the body
describing them
likened or similar to
horns
coron(o)-
crown
coronary
cost(o)-
Of or pertaining to
Costochondral
Coxopodite
Belonging or
Craniology
relating to
the cranium
to secrete
ecrine
Endocrine
cry(o)-
cold
Greek
Cryoablation
cutane-
skin
Latin cutis
Subcutaneous
cyan(o)-
Denotes a blue
Ancient Greek ,
Cyanopsia
color
cycl-
circle, cycle
Greek (kuklos)
cyph(o)-
Denotes something
as bent (uncommon
hunchback
the ribs
cox-
Of or relating to the
hip, haunch, or hipjoint
crani(o)-
-crine,
crin(o)
Cyphosis
as a prefix)
cyst(o)-,
Of or pertaining to
cyst(i)-
bladder, cyst
cyt(o)-, -cyte
D
cell
Greek
Affix
Meaning
Cystotomy
Cytokine, leukocyte
Example(s)
etymology
dacry(o)-
Of or pertaining to tears
Greek , tear
Dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis
-dactyl(o)-
Of or pertaining to a
Ancient
dactylology, polydactyly
finger, toe
Greek (dktylos),
finger, toe
de-
Latin de-
dehydrate
dent-
Of or pertaining to teeth
Dentist
dermat(o)-
Of or pertaining to the
Ancient Greek ,
, derm(o)-
skin
(drma, drmat-),
skin, human skin
-desis
binding
Greek (dsis)
arthrodesis
dextr(o)-
Latin dexter
Dextrocardia
di-
two
Greek -
Diplopia
di-
apart, separation
Latin
dilation, distal
dia-
dialysis
apart, separation
Latin
different
digit-
Of or pertaining to the
Digit
twofold
Greek (diplos)
diploid, diplosis
-dipsia
suffix meaning
Greek (dpsa)
dis-
Latin dis-
Dissection
dors(o)-,
Of or pertaining to the
dorsal, dorsocephalad
dors(i)-
back
dromo-
running, conduction,
Greek (drmos)
Dromotropic, syndrome
Latin duodeni
Duodenal atresia
Greek (dnamis)
course
duodeno-
duodenum, twelve:
upper part of the small
intestine (twelve inches
long on average),
connects to the stomach
dynam(o)-
-dynia
pain
dys-
Vulvodynia
Greek - (dus-)
abnormal
E
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
etymology
-eal
pertaining to
Latin
ec-
out, away
Greek - (ek-)
ect(o)-
outer, outside
Greek (ekts)
Ectoblast, ectoderm
-ectasia, -
expansion, dilation
Ancient Greek
Bronchiectasis, telangiectasia
ectasis
-ectomy
(ktasis)
Denotes a surgical
Ancient Greek
operation or removal of
(ektom), excision
Mastectomy
vomiting condition
Greek (mesis)
Hematemesis
-emia
Anemia
Of or pertaining to the
Ancient Greek
Encephalogram
Engl)
encephal(o)-
Cerebro.
endo-
Denotes something as
Endocrinology, endospore
Eosinophil granulocyte
'inside' or 'within'
eosin(o)-
Red
epi-
Of or pertaining to the
Ancient Greek
intestine
(nteron), intestine
on, upon
Gastroenterology
Of or pertaining to the
Ancient Greek -
Episiotomy
loins; vulva
erythr(o)-
Ancient Greek
Erythrocyte
(erythrs), red
esophageal,
-esophago-
gullet (AmE)
Greek
(oisophgos)
Esophagus
esthesio-
sensation (AmE)
Greek (aisthsis)
Esthesia
eu-
(e)
Eukaryote
ex-
Latin
Excision
exo-
Denotes something as
Exophthalmos, exoskeleton
'outside' another
outside
Latin
extraF
Affix
Extradural hematoma
Meaning
Example(s)
etymology
faci(o)-
Facioplegic
countenance
fibr-
fiber
entrails
[1]
filli-
fine, hair-like
-form
form of'
fore-
before or ahead
fossa
foregut
Latin (fossa), ditch, pit
fossa ovalis
frontonasal
channel
front-
forehead
G
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
etymology
galact(o)-
milk
Greek , -
Galactorrhea
gastr(o)-
Of or pertaining to
Ancient Greek
Gastric bypass
the stomach
(gastr), -,
stomach, belly
-gen
Ancient Greek - (-
gens), from -
(gen-nein), to be born
Formative,
Greek
Cardiogenic shock
Genu valgum
Ancient
pertaining to
producing
genu-
Of or pertaining to
the knee
-geusia
Taste
Greek (geusis)
gingiv-
Gingivitis
Denoting a grey or
Ancient
Glaucoma
bluish-grey colour
Greek (glaukos),
Of or pertaining to
the gums
glauc(o)-
grey, bluish-grey
gloss(o)-
Of or pertaining to
Ancient Greek ,
, glott(o)-
the tongue
(glssa, gltta),
Glossology
tongue
gluco-
sweet
Greek , sweet
Glucocorticoid
glyc(o)-
sugar
Ancient Greek
Glycolysis
gnath(o)-
Of or pertaining to
Ancient Greek
Gnathodynamometer
the jaw
(gnthos), jaw
-gnosis
knowledge
Greek
diagnosis, prognosis
gon(o)-
Ancient Greek
Gonorrhea
record or picture
Greek (gramma)
Angiogram
instrument used to
Ancient Greek - (-
Electrocardiograph
record data or
picture
graphic interpretation
process of
Ancient Greek
Angiography
Greek , -
Gynecomastia
reproductive
-gram, gramme
-graph
-graphy
recording
gyno-
woman
, gynaeco(BrE),gyneco(AmE)
H
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
halluc-
to wander in mind
Hallucinosis
hemat-, haemato-
Of or pertaining to blood
Hematology, older
formHaematology
Greek
Hemal, Hemoglobin
(haem-, hem-)
hema- or hemo-
blood (AmE)
hemangi or
blood vessels
Hemangioma
hemangiohemi-
one-half
Cerebral hemisphere
hepat- (hepatic-)
Hepatology
hidr(o)-
sweat
Greek -
Hyperhidrosis
hist(o)-, histio-
tissue
Greek
Histology
home(o)-
similar
Homeopathy
hom(o)-
Homosexuality
another or common
same, common
shoulder
hydr(o)-
water
Greek
Hydrophobe
hyper-
Hypertension
'beyond normal'
heter(o)-
humer(o)-
hyp(o)-
Heterogeneous
Humerus
Hypovolemia,
under
hyster(o)-
uterus
womb
Hysterectomy, Hysteria
I
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
etymology
-i-asis
Greek -
Mydriasis
iatr(o)-
Ancient Greek
Iatrochemistry
Ancient Greek
-iatry
Podiatry, Psychiatry
pertaining to
Greek - (-ikos)
Hepatic artery
-icle
small
Latin
Ovarian follicle
-ics
Obstetrics
idio-
Idiopathic
own"
ileo-
ileum
Greek
Ileocecal valve
infra-
below
Latin
Infrahyoid muscles
inter-
between, among
Latin
Interarticular
ligament
intra-
within
Latin
intramural
ipsi-
same
Latin
Ipsilateral
irid(o)-
iris
Greek
Iridectomy
isch-
restriction
Greek
Ischemia
ischio-
Ancient Greek
Ischioanal fossa
condition, disease
-ismus
spasm, contraction
Greek -
Hemiballismus
iso-
Isotonic
Dwarfism
equal
-ist
Greek - (-istes)
Pathologist
-ite
Greek -
Hermaphrodite
-itis
inflammation
Tonsillitis
-ium
J
structure, tissue
pericardium
Affix
Meaning
Juxta (iuxta)
K
Latin
Meaning
Example(s)
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Example(s)
kal-
potassium
karyo-
nucleus
Greek , "nut"
Eukaryote
kerat(o)-
Greek
Keratoscope
movement
Greek
Kinesthesia
koil(o)-
hollow
Greek (koilos)
Koilocyte
kyph(o)L
humped
Greek
Kyphoscoliosis
Affix
Meaning
Hyperkalemia
Example(s)
labi(o)-
Labiodental
lacrim(o)-
tear
Latin
Lacrimal canaliculi
lact(i)-,
milk
Latin
Lactation
Laparotomy
lact(o)
lapar(o)-
flank
Of or pertaining to the larynx, the lower throat
Ancient Greek , -
latero-
lateral
Latin
lei(o)-
smooth
Greek
Leiomyoma
-lepsis, -
attack, seizure
Greek
Epilepsy, narcolepsy
lept(o)-
light, slender
Greek (leptos)
Leptomeningeal
leuc(o)-,
Leukocyte
laryng(o)-
Larynx
lepsy
leuk(o)lingu(a)-,
white, bright
Of or pertaining to the tongue
Linguistics
lingu(o)lip(o)-
fat
Greek (lipos)
Liposuction
lith(o)-
stone, calculus
Greek (lithos)
Lithotripsy
log(o)-
speech
Greek (logos)
-logist
studier, practitioner
hematology, urology
-logy
Oncologist,pathologist
lymph
Greek ,
Lymphedema
lys(o)-, -
dissolution
Greek
Lysosome
Destruction, separation
Greek
Paralysis
lytic
-lysis
M
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
macr(o)-
large, long
Greek
Macrophage
-malacia
softening
Greek
Osteomalacia
mamm(o)-
Mammogram
mammill(o)-
mammillaplasty,
mammillitis
manu-
Manufacture
mast(o)-
Mastectomy
enlargement, million
Greek
megal(o)-, -
Splenomegaly,
megameter
megaly
melan(o)-
black color
Melanin
extremity
Ancient Greek
erythromelalgia
mening(o)-
membrane
Greek , -
Meningitis
men(o)-
menopause,menorrhagia,
mero-
part
merocrine, meroblastic
mes(o)-
middle
Mesoderm
meta-
Greek
Metacarpus
-meter
Greek
Sphygmomanometer
count
-metry
process of measuring
Greek -
Optometry
metr(o)-
Pertaining to conditions or
Metrorrhagia
Microscope
milli-
thousandth
milliliter
mon(o)-
single
Greek (monos)
Infectious mononucleosis
morph(o)-
form, shape
Greek (morph)
Morphology
muscul(o)-
muscle
Latin
Musculoskeletal system
my(o)-
Of or relating to muscle
Myoblast
mouse; mussel
myc(o)-
fungus
Greek , -
Onychomycosis
myel(o)-
Myeloblast
spinal cord
bone-marrow
Greek (myle)
myl(o)-
Mylohyoid nerve
lower jaw
myri-
ten thousand
myriad
myring(o)-
eardrum
Latin myringa
Myringotomy
myx(o)N
mucus
Greek
Myxoma
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
narc(o)-
numb, sleep
Greek
narcolepsy
nas(o)-
nasal
necr(o)-
death
Greek
Necrosis, necrotizing
fasciitis
neo-
new
Greek
Neoplasm
nephr(o)-
Nephrology
kidney
nerv-
Nerve, nervous
system
always used]
neur(i)-,
neur(o)-
system
normoO
normal
Latin
Affix
ocul(o)-
Meaning
Of or pertaining to the
Neurofibromatosis
Normocapnia
Example(s)
Oculist
Of or pertaining to
orthodontist
teeth
), tooth
odyn(o)-
pain
Greek
stomatodynia
-oesophageal,
gullet
Greek
oesophagus
-oid
resemblance to
Greek -
Sarcoidosis
ole
small or little
Latin
olig(o)-
Denoting something
Oligotrophy
eye
odont(o)-
oesophago(BrE)
as 'having little,
having few'
om(o)-
shoulder
Omoplate
Greek -
Sarcoma, teratoma
oma (singular), -
collection
Of or pertaining to the
Omphalotomy
navel, theumbilicus
belly-button
Greek
omata (plural)
omphal(o)-
onco-one
onych(o)-
oo-
Oncology
hormone
Of or pertaining to the
Of or pertaining to the
an (egg), a woman's
ovum
Onychophagy
Oogenesis
ophthalm(o)-
Of or pertaining to the
woman's (ovary)
ovary, egg-bearing
Of or pertaining to the
(eye)
eye
Oophorectomy
Ophthalmology
optic(o)-
or(o)-
Of or relating to
chemical properties of
the eye
Of or pertaining to the
Oral
Opticochemical, biopsy
mouth
-or
one who
orchi(o)-,
testis
Orchiectomy, orchidectomy
Denoting something
Orthodontist
as straight or correct
correct, normal
a condition, disease
Greek -
orchid(o)-,
orch(o)orth(o)-
-osis
Harlequin type
or increase
ichthyosis,psychosis, osteoporosis
osse-
bony
Latin
Osseous
ossi-
bone
Latin
ost(e)-, oste(o)-
bone
Greek
Osteoporosis
ot(o)-
Of or pertaining to the
Otology
ear
-ous
pertaining to
Latin -osus
ovari(o)-
Of or pertaining to the
Ovariectomy
Ovogenesis
ovaries
ovo-, ovi-, ov-
Of or pertaining to the
eggs, the ovum
oxo-
addition of oxygen
Greek
oxy-
Greek (oxus)
oxygen
P
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
etymology
pachy-
thick
Greek
pachyderma
palpebr-
Of or pertaining to the
Palpebra
panophobia, panopticon
pant(o)-
or containing 'everything'
papill-
the chest/breast)
pimple, swelling
skin
para-
paracyesis
-paresis
slight paralysis
Greek
hemiparesis
parvo-
small
Latin parvus
Parvovirus
path(o)-
disease
Greek
Pathology
-pathy
sociopathy, neuropathy
disease, or disorder
suffering, accident
pauci-
Few
Latin paucus
Pauci-immune
pector-
breast
Latin pectus
pectoralgia,pectoriloquy,pectorophony
ped-, -ped-,
Pedoscope
-pes
footed
ped-, pedo-
pediatrics. pedophilia
papul(o)-
papillitis
Papulation
pelv(i)-,
hip bone
Latin
Pelvis
-penia
deficiency
Greek
osteopenia
peo-
Greek (peos)
Peotomy
-pepsia
Dyspepsia
pelv(o)-
through
Latin
peri-
around
Periodontal
another
-pexy
fixation
Greek
Nephropexy
phaco-
lens-shaped
Greek
phacolysis, phacometer,
phacoscotoma
-phage, -
phagia
-phago-
eating, devouring
Greek -
phagocyte
phagist-
Ancient Greek
Lotophagi
Sarcophagia
hematophagy
phallus
Greek (phallos)
Aphallia
pharmaco-
drug, medication
Greek
pharmacology
pharyng(o)-
Ancient Greek , -
Pharyngitis,Pharyngoscopy
-phil(ia)
attraction for
Greek
Hemophilia
phleb(o)-
Ancient Greek , -
Phlebography,Phlebotomy
veins, a vein
-phobia
Greek
arachnophobia
phon(o)-
sound
Greek
phonograph, symphony
phos-
Phosphene
pht-), light
Of or pertaining to light
Photopathy
pht-), light
phren(i)-,
the mind
Greek , -
phren(o)-,
Phrenic
nerve,schizophrenia,diaphragm
phrenico
phyt-
to grow
piri-
Pear
Piriformis muscle
-plasia
formation, development
Greek
Achondroplasia
-plasty
Greek
rhinoplasty
-plegia
paralysis
Greek
paraplegia
pleio-
Greek pleion
pleiomorphism
pleur(o)-,
Pleurogenous
hydrophyte
pleur(a)
stroke or seizure
Greek
Cataplexy
pneum(o)-
Ancient Greek ,
Pneumonocyte,Pneumonia
air, lung
Ancient Greek
pod-, -pod-,
Ancient Greek , -
-pus
footed
-poiesis
production
polio-
Podiatry
hematopoiesis
Ancient Greek (polis),
Poliomyelitis
grey
poly-
Polymyositis
much, many
por(o)-
pore, porous
porphyr(o)-
Ancient Greek
Porphyroblast
(porphra), purple
post-
Postoperation,Postmortem
Premature birth
time)
in front of
presby(o)-
old age
Greek
Presbyopia,presbycusis
prim-
Primary
'most-important'
important
in front of
'behind' another
pre-
pro-
[2]
Procephalic
time)
proct(o)-
anus, rectum
prosop(o)-
face
Prosopagnosia
prot(o)-
Protoneuron
'most important'
pseud(o)-
Ancient Greek
Pseudoephedrine
psych(e)-,
Psychology, psychiatry
psych(o)
proctology
pterygo-
Pertaining to a wing
psor-
Itching
Psoriasis
-ptosis
Apoptosis, nephroptosis
Greek
placement, prolapse
-ptysis
hemoptysis
pulmo-
pulmonary
pyel(o)-
pelvis
Pyelonephritis
pykno-
Greek , to
Pyknosis
thicken/condense
py(o)-
pus
Greek
Pyometra
pyr(o)-
fever
Greek ,
Antipyretic
Q
Affix
Meaning
quadr(i)R
four
Affix
Example(s)
Latin
Meaning
quadriceps
Origin language and etymology
Example(s)
radio-
radiation
Latin
radiowave
re-
again, backward
Latin
relapse
rect(o)-
rectum
Latin
ren(o)-
renal
reticul(o)-
net
Latin
reticulocyte
retro-
backward, behind
Latin
retroversion, retroverted
rhabd(o)-
Greek
rhabdomyolysis
rhachi(o)-
spine
Greek
rhin(o)-
rhinoceros, rhinoplasty
rhno-), nose
rhod(o)-
rhodophyte
rose
-rrhage
burst forth
Greek -
Hemorrhage
-rrhagia
Greek -
menorrhagia
-rrhaphy
surgical suturing
Greek
flowing, discharge
Greek -
Galactorrhea, Diarrhea
-rrhexis
rupture
Greek
Karyorrhexis
flowing, discharge
Greek -
diarrhoea
Rubrospinal
Latin
Erupt, Interrupt
rrhea (AmE)
rrhoea (BrE)
rubr(o)-
the brain
-rupt
S
Break or burst
Affix
Meaning
Origin language
Example(s)
and etymology
salping(o)-
Ancient Greek
tubes
, -,
Salpingectomy,salpingopharyngeus muscle
(slpinx, salpingo-)
trumpet (literally)
sangui-,
Of or pertaining to blood
sanguine-
Latin (sanguis,
Sanguine
sanguin-), blood
sarco-
muscular, fleshlike
Greek , -
sarcoma, sarcoidosis
schist(o)-
split, cleft
Greek
schistocyte
(schistos)
schiz(o)-
Ancient Greek
sided'
; irregular
Schizophrenia
formation of the
verb
(schizein), to cut,
split
scler(o)-
hard
Greek
Scleroderma
-sclerosis
hardening
Greek
scoli(o)-
twisted
Greek
scoliosis
(skolios)
-scope
Greek -
stethoscope
-scopy
Greek -
endoscopy
scoto-
darkness
Greek
scotopic vision
(skotos)
semi-
one-half, partly
Latin
semiconscious
sial(o)-
Greek
sialagogue
(sialos)
sigmoid(o)-
Greek
sinistr(o)-
Latin
sinus-
Latin (sinus), a
sigmoid colon
Sinusitis
food, grain
Greek (sitos)
Sitophobia
somat(o)-,
body, bodily
Greek (sma)
somatic
-spadias
slit, fissure
Greek
hypospadias, epispadias
spasmo-
spasm
Greek
Spasmodic dysphonia
sperma-,
semen, spermatozoa
Greek
Spermatogenesis
somatico-
spermo-,
(sperma)
spermatosplanchn(i)-,
viscera
Greek
splanchnology
spleen
Greek ,
Splenectomy
splanchn(o)splen(o)-
spondyl(o)-
Greek /
the vertebra
Spondylitis
(spndylos,
sphndylos), the
spine
Denoting something as 'full of scales' or
'scaly'
of scales; scaly
-stalsis
contraction
Greek
Peristalsis
-stasis
stopping, standing
Greek
Cytostasis, homeostasis
-staxis
dripping, trickling
Greek ,
squamos(o)-
Squamous cell
sten(o)-
Ancient Greek
(stenos);
Stenography
narrow, short
-stenosis
Ancient Greek
(stensis)
Ancient Greek
(stthos),
chest,cuirass
stheno-
Greek
stom(a)
mouth
Greek
stomat(o)-
Ancient Greek
steth(o)-
Restenosis, stenosis
Stethoscope
Stomatogastric,stomatognathic system
, (stma, stomat-),
mouth
-stomy
creation of an opening
Greek -
colostomy
sub-
beneath, under
Latin
subcutaneous tissue
super-
Latin
supra-
above, excessive
Latin
supraorbital vein
sy, syl-,
Ancient Greek -
sym-, syn-,
sys-
T
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
etymology
tachy-
Tachycardia
fast, quickly
-tension, -
pressure
Latin
Hypertension
tetan-
rigid, tense
tetanus
thec-
case, sheath
Intrathecal
thel-
Theleplasty, thelarche
a prefix)
teat, nipple
woman, feminine'
female, feminine
therap-
treatment
therm(o)-
heat
Ancient Greek
tensive
thely-
Thelygenous
hydrotherapy, therapeutic
(therms)
thorac(i)-,
thorac(o)-,
thoracico-
neck
thromb(o)-
Ancient Greek
blood
Thorax
Thrombus,thrombocytopenia
blood
thyr(o)-
thyroid
Greek -
thym-
emotions
dysthymia
pertaining to
Greek -
toco-
childbirth
Greek
-tome
cutting instrument
Greek (tom)
-tomy
Greek -
tono-
Greek (tonos)
-tony
tension
Greek -
top(o)-
place, topical
Greek (topos)
Topical anesthetic
tort(i)-
twisted
Latin tortus
Torticollis
tox(i)-, tox(o)-,
toxin, poison
Greek
Toxoplasmosis
trache(a)-
trachea
Greek
Tracheotomy
trachel(o)-
Ancient Greek
tracheloplasty
Gastrotomy
toxic(o)-
(trchlos), neck
trans-
Transfusion
'across' or 'through'
tri-
three
Latin
triangle
trich(i)-,
Trichocyst
trichia,
trich(o)-tripsy
crushing
Greek
Lithotripsy
-trophy
nourishment, development
Greek -,
Pseudohypertrophy
tympan(o)U
eardrum
Greek
Tympanocentesis
Affix
-ula, -
Meaning
Example(s)
small
Latin
Nodule
beyond,
Latin ultra
Ultrasound, ultraviolet
Umbilical
Unguiform, Ungual
ule
ultra-
excessive
umbilic-
Of or
pertaining to
the navel,
the umbilicus
ungui-
Of or
pertaining to
the nail, a claw
un(i)-
one
Latin unus
ur-
Of or
pertaining to
urine, the
urinary system
uric-
uric acid
Greek
urin-
Of or
pertaining to
Uriniferous
urine, the
urinary system
uter(o)-
Of or
Uterus
pertaining to
the uterus or
womb
V
Affix
Meaning
Examples
vagin-
Vagina
varic(o)-
Latin varix
varicose
vas(o)-
Latin
vasoconstriction
vasculo-
blood vessel
Latin vsculum
ven-
Venule, Venospasm
Ventrodorsal
cavities
womb
Cardiac
ventriculography
turning
Latin versi
anteversion,
ventricul(o)-
-version
retroversion
vesic(o)-
vesical arteries
viscer(o)-
Viscera
the viscera
organ(s)
X
Affix
Meaning
Example(s)
Greek (xanths),
color
yellow
xen(o)-
Foreign, different
Xenograft
xer(o)-
dry, desert-like
Xerostomia, xeroderma
xiph-
sword
xiphisternum, xiphoid,
xanth(o)-
Xanthopathy
xiphoidalgia
Y
Affix
Meaning
-y
Z
condition or process of
Affix
Meaning
zo(o)-
zym(o)fermentation
English meanings
Example(s)
Surgery
Example(s)
Greek
zoology
Greek
enzyme, lysozyme
This section contains lists of different root classification (e.g. body components, quantity, description, etc.). Each list is
alphabetized by English meanings, with the corresponding Greek and Latin roots given.
Roots of the body
Roots of bodily concepts
Bodily concept
Digestion
-pepsia
Disease
-pathy
Eating
-phagia
Greek root
Latin root
Other root
Abdomen
lapar(o)-
abdomin-
Aorta
aort(o)-
aort(o)-
Arm
brachi(o)-
Armpit
axill-
Artery
arteri(o)-
Back
dors-
big toe
allic-
Bladder
cyst(o)-
vesic(o)-
Blood
sangui-, sanguine-
blood clot
thromb(o)-
blood vessel
angi(o)-
vascul-, vas-
Body
somat-, som-
corpor-
Bone
oste(o)-
ossi-
myel(o)-
medull-
Brain
encephal(o)-
cerebr(o)-, pector-
Breast
mast(o)-
mamm(o)-
Chest
steth(o)-
Cheek
-Zygomatic
bucc-
Ear
ot(o)-
aur(i)-
eggs, ova
oo-
ov-
Eye
ophthalm(o)-
ocul(o)-
optic(o)- [French]
Eyelid
blephar(o)-
cili-, palpebr-
Face
prosop(o)-
faci(o)-
fallopian tubes
salping(o)-
lip(o)-
adip-
Finger
dactyl(o)-
digit-
Forehead
front(o)-
Gallbladder
cholecyst(o)-
fell-
gon(o)-, phall(o)-
Gland
aden(o)-
balan(o)-
Gums
gingiv-
Hair
trich(o)-
capill-
Hand
cheir(o)-, chir(o)-
manu-
Head
cephal(o)-
capit(o)-
Heart
cardi(o)-
cordi-
hip, hip-joint
cox-
Horn
cerat(o)-
cornu-
Intestine
enter(o)-
Jaw
gnath(o)-
Kidney
nephr(o)-
ren-
Knee
gon-
genu-
Lip
cheil(o)-, chil(o)-
labi(o)-
Liver
hepat(o)-, (hepatic-)
jecor-
episi(o)-
pudend-
Lungs
pneumon-
pulmon(i)-, (pulmo-)
myel(o)-
medull-
Mind
psych-
ment-
Mouth
stomat(o)-
or-
Muscle
my(o)-
Nail
onych(o)-
ungui-
Navel
omphal(o)-
umbilic-
Neck
trachel(o)-
cervic-
neur(o)-
nerv-
nipple, teat
thele-
papill-, mammill-
Nose
rhin(o)-
nas-
Ovary
oophor(o)-
ovari(o)-
Pelvis
pyel(o)-
pelv(i)-
Penis
pe(o)-
Rib
pleur(o)-
cost(o)-
rib cage
thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-
Shoulder
om(o)-
humer(o)-
Sinus
sinus-
Skin
dermat(o)-, (derm-)
cut-, cuticul-
Skull
crani(o)-
Stomach
gastr(o)-
ventr(o)-
Testis
orchi(o)-, orchid(o)-
pharyng(o)-
laryng(o)-
Thumb
pollic-
Tooth
odont(o)-
dent(i)-
Tongue
gloss-, glott-
lingu(a)-
Toe
dactyl(o)-
digit-
Tumour
cel-, onc(o)-
tum-
Ureter
ureter(o)-
ureter(o)-
Urethra
urethr(o)-, urethr(a)-
urethr(o)-, urethr(a)-
ur(o)-
urin(o)-
uterine tubes
sarping(o)-
sarping(o)-
Uterus
hyster(o)-, metr(o)-
uter(o)-
Vagina
colp(o)-
vagin-
Vein
phleb(o)-
ven-
Vulva
episi(o)-
vulv-
Womb
hyster(o)-, metr(o)-
uter(o)-
Wrist
Roots of color
carp(o)-
carp(o)-
Color
Other root
black
melano-
nigr-
blue
cyano-
gray, grey
polio-
green
chlor(o)-
vir-
purple
porphyr(o)-
purpur-, purpureo-
red
erythr(o)-, rhod(o)-
rub-, rubr-
red-orange
cirrh(o)-
white
leuc-, leuk-
alb-
flav-
jaun [French]
yellow
xanth(o)Roots of description
(Size, shape, strength, etc.)
Description
Other root
bad, incorrect
cac(o)-, dys-
mal(e)-
mis-
bent, crooked
ankyl(o)-
prav(i)-
Big
mega-, megal(o)-
magn(i)-
Biggest
megist-
maxim-
broad, wide
eury-
lat(i)-
Cold
cry(o)-
frig(i)-
Dead
necr(o)-
mort-
Equal
is(o)-
equ(i)-
False
pseud(o)-
fals(i)-
female, feminine
thely-
Flat
platy-
plan(i)-
good, well
eu-
ben(e)-, bon(i)-
Great
mega-, megal(o)-
magn(i)-
Hard
scler(o)-
dur(i)-
Heavy
bar(o)-
grav(i)-
Hollow
coel(o)-
cav(i)-
Huge
megal(o)-
magn(i)-
incorrect, bad
cac(o)-, dys-
mal(e)-
mis-
Irregular
poikil(o)
mega-
magn(i)-
Largest
megist-
maxim-
Long
macr(o)-
long(i)-
male, masculine
arseno-
vir-
Narrow
sten(o)-
angust(i)-
New
ne(o)-
nov(i)-
normal, correct
orth(o)-
rect(i)-
Old
paleo-
veter-
Sharp
oxy-
ac-
Short
brachy-
brev(i)-
Small
micr(o)-
parv(i)- (rare)
Smallest
minim-
Slow
brady-
tard(i)-
Fast
tachy-
celer-
Soft
malac(o)-
moll(i)-
Straight
orth(o)-
rect(i)-
Thick
pachy-
crass(i)-
varied, various
poikilo-
vari-
well, good
eu-
ben(e)-
wide, broad
Roots of position
eury-
lat(i)-
Description
Other root
around
peri-
circum-
left
levo-
laev(o)-, sinistr-
middle
mes(o)-
medi-
right
dexi(o)-
dextr(o)-
surrounding
Prefixes of quantity
peri-
circum-
(Amount, quantity)
Description
Other root
double
diplo-
dupli-
equal
iso-
equi-
few
oligo-
pauci-
half
hemi-
semi-
demi- (French)
many, much
poly-
multi-
twice
dis-
bis-