The Purpose of:

After conducting the experiment, students are expected

Able to learn that any chemical reaction changes with energy diertai
Able to calculate heat changes some of the reactions

Basic Theory
Thermochemistry is a science that explores the relationship between the heat of
chemical reactions or processes that relate to chemical reactions. Thermochemistry in
practice more associated with the measurement of heat or chemical reactions accompanying
the processes related to changes in the structure of substance, for example changing a form or
a change in Crystal structure. To study the change in heat of a process needs to be examined
several energy-related things that are owned by a substance, how energy is transformed, how
to measure the energy changes, as well as how to do with the structure of the substance.
In Thermochemistry there are two things to note regarding the transfer of energy, i.e.
the system and environment. System is everything that becomes the center of attention in the
study of the changes of energy called, while the environment is the stuff outside the system
that limits the system and may affect system
Laws Of Thermodynamics I thermodynamics energy cannot be created nor destroyed,
but can be changed from one form into another form. Therefore, the amount of energy gained
by the system will be equal to the amount of energy released by the environment. In contrast,
the amount of energy released by the system will be equal to the amount of energy gained by
the environm
Because energy cannot be created nor destroyed, then in a chemical reaction, the
energy released by the system in the form of heat will be absorbed by the environment. The
reaction is called a eksoterm reaction. In contrast, the reaction in which energy is absorbed by
the system in the form of heat will be equal to the energy released by the environment. The
reaction is called a endoterm reaction.
Eksoterm reaction is a reaction that is accompanied by the transfer of heat from the
system to the environment. In this case the system release heat into the environment. On
eksoterm reaction system temperature generally rises. The existence of this temperature rise
which resulted in a system of releasing heat into the environment.
Endoterm reaction is a reaction accompanied by the transfer of heat from the
environment to the system. In this reaction, heat is absorbed by the system from its
environment. On the endoterm reaction is generally indicated by a decrease in temperature.
Any decrease in the temperature of the system this is what led to the absorption of heat by the
system.
Heat is the transfer of energy that occurs due to a difference in temperature. So, heat
change in a reaction can be measured through the measurement of the temperature changes
that occur. Pengkuran heat changes can be done using a tool called kalorimeter. Kalorimeter
is the number of measuring heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.
The amount of heat that causes temperature change (increase or decrease in temperature)
water that is contained in the kalorimeter is formulated as:
air

= m c T

with, m = the mass of the water in the kalorimeter (g)

c = molar heat of water in kalorimeter (J g C J g or K)
T = change in temperature ( C or K)

Good Kalorimeter have a small heat capacity. It means that kalorimeter is really as an
isolated system, so the heat changes that occur from reactions in bombs just to change the
temperature of the water or solution that is in the kalorimeter.
The reaction that takes place in the kalorimeter bomb is a reaction that takes place at constant
volume ( V = 0), then the heat changes that occur in the system will be the same with energy
change therein.
U = q + w, where w =-P V
If V = 0, then w = 0
The change of energy in the kalorimeter bomb being
v

U = q
Measurement of reaction heat in addition to the heat of the combustion reaction, can be done
manggunakan kalorimeter at constant pressure. For example, in kalorimeter stirofoam made
of glass stirofoam. This type of Kalorimeter is done to measure heat umunya reaction in
which the reaction takes place in the form of a solution, e.g. for measuring thermal changes
occur in acid-base neutralization reaction.
On the chemical reaction of kalorimeter takes place at constant pressure ( P = 0), then the
heat changes that occur in the system will be similar to entalpinya changes.
p

H = q
Therefore considered no heat absorbed or released by a system into the environment during
the reaction takes place, then the
+ qcalorimeter + q
=q
qreaction
system
solution

Tolls and Materials

tool

quantity

Materials

quantity

kalorimetre

1 piece

HCl 2 M

25 ml

thermometer

1 piece

NaOH 2 M

25 ml

burette

1 piece

aquades

100 ml

stopwatch

1 piece

Beaker 50 ml

1 piece

Beaker 200 ml

3 piece

Hot plate / heating

1 piece

filler

1 piece

Measuring flask 50 ml

1 piece

Scales

1 piece