DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A

SCREW PRESS

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
V.ASHOK KUMAR
S.NAREN
R.VENKETESHWARAN
L.KARTHIKEYAN

SCREW PRESS
A screw press is a type of machine press in which the ram is driven up and
down by a screw. The screw shaft can be driven by a handle or a wheel. It works
by using a coarse screw to convert the rotation of the handle or drive-wheel into
a small downward movement of greater force. The overhead handle usually
incorporates balls as flyweights.
The weights help to maintain the momentum and thrust of the tool to make it
easier to operate. It is frequently used to punch holes in sheet metal in one
operation, rather than by cutting the hole or drilling. If used as a punch, the tool
itself consists of a punch and a matching die, into which it very closely fits.
Both are usually precision machined and then hardened. The material is
introduced between the punch and die, and the machine operated. The punch
will cut through the material in one movement by shearing it.
The punch and die may be of any desired shape, so odd shaped holes and
cutouts may be created. If used as a forging tool the dies can be many different
shapes varying from flat to various shapes that will mold the metal to the
desired configuration.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The operation of a screw press is based on the pressure that is applied on the
blank by the punch. The main screw shaft is rotated by hand such that this
rotary motion is converted into linear motion of the punch. The punch moves
up and down the frame and into the die. The punch that is attached to the end of
the lead screw deforms the blank on the die into the desired shape. The work is
taken at the bottom of the frame.
ADVANTAGES OF USING SCREW PRESS
Large load carrying capability
Compact
Simple to design
Easy to manufacture; no specialized machinery is required
Large mechanical advantage
Precise and accurate linear motion
Smooth, quiet, and low maintenance
Minimal number of parts
Most are self-locking
PARTS OF A SCREW PRESS
Generally a screw press consists of the following parts
BASE PLATE
SUPPORT PILLARS

COARSE SCREW AND NUT

DIE AND PUNCH
HANDLE OR FLYWHEEL
NUTS AND WASHERS
REST BUSH

DESIGN OF SCREW PRESS

The chapter deals with the design specifications and the materials used
for every part of a screw press.
1. DESIGN OF FRAME
A frame of a screw press consists of discs, pillars (lead screws), nuts
and washers. The frame will be designed in such a way that it supports the load
given by the coarse screw when it is engaged in pressing operation.
2. DISCS
Here a pair of discs is used. The two discs support the four pillars. The
die is tightened on the lower disc by a pair of screws. The nut which gives the
rotational movement to the coarse screw is welded to the upper surface of the
upper disc.
The lower disc has a hole of diameter 25mm at the centre. The hole is bored
in order to get the desired product from the bottom of the press. Four threaded
holes of diameter 10mm is drilled at 45 to each other. Two holes of diameter
5mm is drilled near the central bore and they are at 180 to each other. These
small holes are for joining the die with the help of screws.

3.

3. PILLARS-LEAD SCREWS
The four pillars or lead screws are to separate the
lower disc and the upper disc effectively. The threaded pillar is
of 10mm diameter with a pitch of 1mm (M10*1) and has a
length of 200mm.
4. NUTS AND WASHERS
Eight pairs of nuts and washers are used. The nuts are
to hold the lead screws firmly. These nuts have a diameter and thickness of
5mm and 7mm respectively.
The washer distributes the load to the nuts and screws. The washer used has
an outer diameter of 21mm and an inner diameter of 11 mm with a thickness of
1.6mm.

MATERIAL SELECTION
The material used here is mild
steel. The reasons behind the material selection are as follows. The price of the
material is relatively low and provides acceptable material properties.
It has low carbon content and hence it is easier to handle.
The mild steel is hard and tough enough when compared to Aluminium.
MAIN SCREW AND NUT
A Screw shaft is to be created with threaded circumference and a suitable Nut
to guide the screw shaft. The screw shaft is of diameter 20mm and a thread
M20*2.5 are to be machined. The length of the shaft is 210mm with 150mm of
its length threaded. A suitable nut is also to be machined. A rod of 20mm
diameter and length 200mm is to be welded on top end of the main screw shaft
in order to rotate the screw shaft.

3.3 DIE AND PUNCH

Punch is designed with a diameter of 23mm and corners with roundness R5. A
clearance of 2mm is given to the punch with respect to the die. The die is
designed with an outer diameter of 50mm and an inner diameter of 25mm.
Roundness of 4.5mm is given. Holes are to be drilled on the top surface of the
die for screws to hold it onto the lower disc.