Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
I. INTRODUCTION
11. THEORY
It is well known that a transmission line can be
approximated using the simple ladder network illustrated
in Figure 1. The problem occurs when trying to tune this
cl
I I
_.._.._.._.._.___.._________
Ill
Le,,,, = c2 1 J 2
Figure 2. Electronically TunableLine Topology
647
0-7803-3814-6/97/$5.000 IEEE
c, =- J2Z,,s i n e
U
(12)
csce
111. DESIGNEXAMPLE
AND MEASURED
RESULTS
As an illustration of this new technique of designing
electronically tunable microwave impedance transformers,
a hybrid circuit was built using three varactor diodes in
conjunction with two 50 L2 microstrip quarter wave
transformers. The quarter wave transformers serve as the
required J-inverters discussed in section 11. This circuit
was fabricated using Rogers thermoset plastic
(TMMlOi).
The varactors were MA46473 GaAs
hyperabrupt junction ( ~ 1 . 2 5 )diodes manufactured by
MA-COM. These diodes have a quality factor of 3000 at 4 volts measured at 50 MHz. The circuit layout is
(5)
14
14
&=-1
(9)
UP
648
......
..................*....................
I .....................
* ....................
-0.2
-0.4
,A.-501050ohms
50 to 32 ohms
6
-0.6
U
.e.50lo18ohms
0 -0.8 -+-
-0.2
..........*.......... .......................
A.
.*...................*.................&........
..
m.....
..
,__,_.L.-._._-
'a..
-.
'.
-0.6
+.........
-I
I .1.0
0
.r
-1.2
-1.4
.....e....
....
..&.'.
/-/--
....
.............
*~,
,.I
....)...
-1.6
-..e---
-1.8 .+..
-+-
50 to 50 ohms
50 to 98 ohms
50lo162ohms
50 to 242 ohms
50to392ohms
-2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
;,*
2.3
2.4
Frequency (GHz)
...
.A...,,'
*........
._.-.- &
-3
1.75
1.85
1.95
2.05
2.15
2.25
2.35
2.45
2.55
2.65
Frequency (GHz)
.....W .
...
,._."
,_._l'
50to4ohms
_,
.L.Y
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Frequency (GHz)
-+-
--
1.75
1.85
2.16GHz Optimization
2.25 GHz Optimization
2.58GHz Optimization
1.95
2.05
2.15
2.25
2.35
2.45
2.55
2.65
Frequency (GHz)
649
30
180
160
- 140 8
.a
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Frequency (GHz)
- 120
20
&
100
E!
s
$
A : 80
n
2
60
-40
al
- 20
0
10.0
500
100.0
,000
lo
-to
REFERENCES
o
U)
- -10
121
E
I
[31
d
- -20
r41
-5
10.0
500
100.0
2w.o
I -30
[51
IV. CONCLUSION
650
S. Koul, B. Bhat, Microwave and Millimeter Wave Phase Shifters Volume Il - Semiconductor and Delay Line Phase Shifters, Boston:
Artech House, 1991, pp.527-539.
K. Gupta, R. Garg, R. Chadha, Computer-aided Design of
Microwave Circuits, Dedham: Artech House, 1981, pp. 553-561.
S. Lucyszyn , I. D. Roberson, High Performance MMIC Narrow
Band Filter Using Tunable Active Inductors, IEEE Microwave
Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symp., 1994, pp. 91-93.
G. Zhang, J. Gautier, Broad-Band, Lossless Monlithic Microwave
Active Floating Inductor, IEEE Microwave und Guided Wave
Lett., Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 98-100, April 1993.
J. H. Sinsky, C. R. Westgate, A New Approach to Designing
Active MMIC Tuning Elements Using Second-Generation Current
Conveyors, IEEE Microwuve and Guided Wave Lett., Vol. 6 , No.
9, pp. 326-328, September 1996.
P. Penfield, R. Rafuse, Varactor Applications, Cambridge: M.I.T.
Press, 1962, pp. 595-602.
G. Matthaei, L. Young, E.M.T. Jones, Microwave Filters,
Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures, Dedham:
Artech House, 1980, pp. 434-438.
T. Hirota, A. Minakawa, M. Muraguchi, Reduced-Size BranchLine and Rat-Race Hybrids for Uniplanar MMICs, IEEE
Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 38, No.
3, March 1990, pp. 270-275.