The Silver Coinage of Cappadocia, Vespasian-Commodus / by William E. Metcalf

NUMISMATIC
AND
NOTES
MONOGRAPHS
No. 166
THE
SILVER
COINAGE
OF
CAPPADOCIA,
VESPASIAN-COMMODUS
BY
THE
AMERICAN
EL METCALF
WILLIAM
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY,
NEW
1996
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YORK
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
AND MONOGRAPHS
No. 166
COPYRIGHT
1996
THEAMERICAN
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY
NEWYORK
ISSN 0078-2718
ISBN 0-89722-254-7
WETTEREN
PRINTED
IN BELGIUM
ATCULTURA,
D. M.
F. M. S.
THE
SILVER
COINAGE
OF
CAPPADOCIA,
VESPASIAN-COMMODUS
BY WILLIAM
THE
AMERICAN
E. METCALF
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY,
NEW
1996
YORK
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
ix
PREFACE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AND ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
ADDITIONAL
xi
5
NOTE 1995
CATALOGUE OF THE HOARD
7
7
Vespasian
Domitian
Nerva
13
Trajan
Hadrian
14
28
AntoninusPius
30
Marcus Aurelius
30
Lucius Verus
36
Commodus
40
Denarius of Domitian
46
47
COMENTAR Y ON REIGNS
Vespasian
Titus
47
Domitian
50
Nerva
53
Trajan
Hadrian
55
62
AntoninusPius
65
Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
65
50
vii
viii
Contents
Marcus Aurelius and Commodus
72
Commodus
74
VOLUME
77
METROLOGY
81
ROME AND THE CAPPADOCIAN COINAGE
83
CONSPECTUS OF CAESAREAN SILVER COINAGE ...
91
Vespasian
Titus
92
Domitian
97
Nerva
99
97
102
Trajan
Hadrian
117
AntoninusPius
125
130
134
Commodus
138
APPENDICES
147
147
1. A Note on the "MnchenerFundkomplex,,

2. Coins No Longer Attributableto Caesarea
3. The Silver and Copper Coinage of Caesarea .
4. "Ghosts"
148
.
5. Concordance,Sydenham and Metcalf

INDICES
1. Obverse Legends
2. Reverse Legends
3. Obverse Types
4. Reverse Types
149
151
153
161
161
163
165
166
KEY TO PLATES 52-54
171
PLATES
175
PREFACE
This study began as a treatmentof a large hoard of silvercoins of
Cappadocia extendingfromthe reign of Vespasian to that of Cornmodus. As study of the hoard proceeded it became evident that its
implicationsforthe mintof Caesarea were considerable,and a secondaryobjectivebecame feasible:the presentationof a conspectusof the
silver coins of Caesarea in Cappadocia fromthe reign of Vespasian
throughthat of Commodus.
The studyis limitedin two ways. The coppercoinage is omittedfor,
the typesapart, thereis littledirectconnectionbetweenthe silverand
the baser coins of Caesarea. The silvercoinage is continuousand stable, while the copper is sporadic and of unpredictablestandard. The
copper issues are often asynchronousand frequently,nominallyat
least, struckon local authority;while,it will be argued,duringmany
periodsthe silvercoinageis directlyconnectedwith,ifnot producedat,
the imperial mint at Rome.
The chronologicallimitationsare dictated mainly by the hoard
itself. Its evidenceconvenientlyabuts that assembled(and graciously
made available) by Dr. AndrewBurnettof the BritishMuseum,now
incorporatedin Roman Provincial Coinage 1. On the one hand the
coinage of the subsequent period is so fullyrepresentedin the hoard
that the need fora moreextensivesurveyof materialpreservedworldwide has been obviated; on the other,to extendthe studybeyondthe
terminusof the hoardwould have involvedmanyyears' delay in treating the most difficultperiod of Caesarea's silver coinage.
The work is divided into two parts. The firstis a straightforward
and ratherspare catalogue of coins fromthe portionof the hoard examinedat the ANS. As appropriate,die linkageto a second part of the
hoard,recordedby Dr. WolframWeiserof Cologne,is noted. Commentaries on the coinage of the several reignsas well as sectionsdealing
with general problemsreferboth to the hoard catalogue and to the
conspectus,whichconsistsofa summaryofthe knownsilvercoinageof
the mint. It restsprimarily(thoughby no means exclusively,particularlyforthe smallerdenominations)on the evidenceof the hoard,but
some differences
of presentation,necessitatedby an attemptto illustrate internaldie linkage in the hoard catalogue, will be noted.
ix
Preface
This publicationhas been long in preparationbut it would not have

been possible at all without the cooperation of many individuals.
During the briefperiod that the hoard was available forexamination
and recording,mycolleaguesDr. CarmenArnold-Biucchiand Dr. Alan
M. Stahl droppedotherprojectsto assist in the sortingand identification of dies, and CarmenArnold-Biucchicontinuedto be involved in
study of the hoard afterthe coins left the premises. To Alan Stahl
belongsthe creditfordiscoveryof the bilingualTrajanic didrachms.
On very short notice, Robert J. Myersdonated his time, labor, and
materialsto create the photographicrecordwhichpermittedmoreleisurely study, and which has been used for the plates. I have also
profitedfromdiscussionwithand assistancefromAndrewM. Burnett
and Dr. Ian A. Carradiceof the BritishMuseum,London, Dr. Michel
Amandryof the Cabinet des Mdailles, Paris, and WolframWeiser.
Dr. GntherDembski of the Staatliche Kunstsammlung,Vienna, Dr.
ChristopherHowgego of the AshmoleanMuseum,Oxford,and Dr. H.D. Schultz of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin all provided casts on
and
shortnotice. Richard G. McAlee of Baltimoresharedinformation
assisted
with
and
Ocello
of
in
his
Claudia
coins
collection,
photographs
the finalphotographs.The manuscriptwas broughttogetherin final
formduring my membershipin the Institute for Advanced Study,
Princeton,to which I am profoundlygratefulforthe opportunityto
pursue this and other projects.
The principal credit for this work, however,belongs to the late
Frances M. Schwartz. She was presentat the museumwhenthe hoard
was firstbroughtin forexamination,and undertook,withcharacteristic enthusiasmand care, the die comparisonforthe major portionof it
main(late Trajan and Commodus). She coordinatedthe photography,
tained necessaryrecords,and in generalkeptthe projectalive untilher
finalillness. Her death on July16, 1984, virtuallyhalted work,which
has proceededin fitsand startsever since. Althoughnot a wordof the
text was writtenby her, she providedthe impetusforits completion
and deservesthe lion's shareofthe creditforany contributionit makes
to our understandingof Roman provincialminting,withoutof course
being responsibleforany errorsor oversights.This is a belated and
inadequate memorialto herdiligence,herdevotion,and our friendship.
William E. Metcalf
December 1989
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
M. Amandry"Rome et Caesare,didrachmede drachme

de Trajan lgendelatine/' BSFN 41.4 (April 1986),
pp. 36-39.
Asia Minor.
H. Mattingly,"A Hoard of Imperial Drachms and
DidrachmsfromCaesareain Cappadocia,"NC5 12 (1932),
pp. 238-39.
Baldwin.
A. Baldwin,"Un trsormontairedcouvert Csareen
Cappadoce," Arthuse4 (1927), pp. 145-72.
Bar.
M. Bar, "Les monnaiesgrecquesde Csarede Cappadoce
(ier-mes.ap. J.-C.) trouvesen Europe," CENB 22.3
(July-Sept.1985), pp. 53-63.
Bastien.
P. Bastien,"Une nouvellemonnaied'argentde Pescennius Nigermise Csare de Cappadoce," CENB 9.4
(1972), pp. 69-71.
Blanchet.
J. A. Blanchet,"Monnaiesde Csarede Cappadoce,"RN
3, 13 (1895), pp. 65-78.
Bland et al.
R. F. Bland, . M. Burnett,and S. Bendall,"The Mints
of PescenniusNiger,"NC 147 (1987), pp. 65-83.
BMCGalatia. W. Wroth,BritishMuseum. Catalogueof the Coins of
Galatia, Cappadocia, and Syria (London, 1899).
BMCRE.
H. Mattinglyand R. A. G. Carson,eds., Coins of the
RomanEmpirein theBritishMuseum(London,1923- ).
Carter.
G. F. Carter,"A SimplifiedMethodforCalculatingthe
Original Number of Dies from Die Link Statistics,"
ANSMN 28 (1983), pp. 195-206.
Carradiceand Cowell. I. Carradiceand M. Cowell,"The MintingofRoman
in the East: VespaImperialBronzeCoinsforCirculation
sian to Trajan," NC 147 (1987), pp. 26-50.
Eki.
G. H. Dunua, MonetnyekladyGruzii: kladyrimskikh
monetiz ss. Eki i Sepieti[Coinhoardsof Georgia: hoards
of Roman coins fromEki and Sepieti] (Tbilisi, 1979).
Text in Russian,cataloguein Georgian.
Guler.
O. Guler, "Erciyes-KapadokyaSikkeleri,"Antika3.26
(May, 1987), pp. 26-32.
Golenko.
K. V. Golenko,Denezhnoe
obraschenie
Kolkhidyv rimskoe
uremia [Monetarycirculationof Colchis during the
Roman period] (Leningrad, State Publishing House,
1964).
xi
Amandry.
xii
Bibliography and Abbreviations
Gwatkin.
W. E. Gwatkin,Cappadocia as a Roman Procuratorial

Province
, Universityof MissouriStudies5.4 (Columbia,
1930).
von Eusebeia
Herrli.
H. Herrli,"Die 'autonomen'Bronzemnzen
und Kaisareia in Kappadokien," NNb 34.3 (1985),
pp. 60-71.
G. Macdonald,ed., CatalogueofGreekCoinsin theHunteHunter.
rian Collection
, University
of Glasgow(Glasgow, 18991905).
Ivashchenko. M. M. Ivashchenko,"Gerzeulskiiklad monetkesariikapakademiiaistoriimatepadokiiaskoi,"Gosudarstvennaia
rialnoikultury,Izvestiia7 (1931), pp. 1-19.
Kindler.
A. Kindler,The Coinageof Bostra (Warminster,Eng.,
1983).
Cezareikapadockiejza
Kunisz,"Trajan." A. Kunisz,"Srebrnemennictwo
panowaniaTrajana (98-117)," ZeszytyNaukoweUniwerz. 70 (1981),
613, Prace Historyczne
sytetu
Jagiellonskiego
pp. 39-60.
Kunisz, "Trajan et Hadrian." A. Kunisz, "Le Monnayaged'argentde
Csare Cappadoce sous le rgnesde Trajan et de
Hadrien,"in I. A. Carradiceet al., eds.,Proceedings
ofthe
Tenth InternationalCongressof Numismatics
, London,
1986, pp. 201-6.
September
Monnaies GrecMonnaies
Imhoof-Blumer,
Grecques.F. Imhoof-Blumer,
ques (Leipzig, 1883).
und
"Zur griechischen
"Mnzkunde."F. Imhoof-Blumer,
Imhoof-Blumer,
rmischenMnzkunde,"RSN 8 (1898), pp. 1-48.
Mnzenaus meinerSammlung
A. Lbbecke,"Griechische
Lbbecke.
II," ZfN 12 (1885), pp. 307-51.
Mattingly,"Caesarea." H. Mattingly,"A Hoard of ImperialDidrachms
and Drachms fromCaesarea in Cappadocia," NC5 12
(1932), pp. 238-39.
S. W. Grose,CatalogueoftheMcCleanCollection
McClean.
of Greek
Coins (Cambridge,1923-29).
Metcalf,"Tell Kalak." W. E. Metcalf,"The Tell Kalak Hoard and Trajan's ArabianMint,"ANSMN 20 (1975), pp. 39-108.
Metcalf,Cistophori.W. E. Metcalf,The Cistophori
ofHadrian, ANSNb 15
(1980).
Metcalf,ANSAR. W. E. Metcalf,"Roman and Byzantine,"ANS Annual
Report1983, p. 14, 12-16.
Milik and Seyrig. J. T. Milik and H. Seyrig,"Trsor montairede
Murabb'at,"RN 6.1 (1958), pp. 11-26.
de mdaillesantiques,grecques
T. E. Mionnet,Description
Mionnet.
et romains
, vols. 1-6 (Paris, 1806-13).
xiii
A. Negev, "Notes on Some Trajanic Drachmsfromthe

MampsisHoard," JNG 21 (1971), pp. 115-20.
D. Nony,"Le monnayagede PescenniusNiger Csare
Nony.
de Cappadoce," Latomus30 (1971), pp. 345-51.
Nordbo.
J. H. Nordbe,"The ImperialSilverCoinageof Amisus
E. ChrisA.D.," in A. Damsgaard-Madsen,
131/2-137/8
tiansen,and E. Hallager,eds., Studiesin AncientHistory
and NumismaticsPresentedto Rudi Thomsen(Aarhus,
1988), pp. 166-78.
Pick.
B. Pick,"ber einigeMnzenderrmischen
Kaiserzeit,"
ZfN 9 (1890), pp. 180-97.
H. Mattingly,E. A. Sydenham,et al., Roman Imperiai
RIC.
Coinage(London, 1923- ). Referencesto RIC 1 are to
the second edition by C. H. V. Sutherland(London,
1984).
SNG.
Graecorum.
SyllogeNummorum
SNG: The Royal Collection
SNGCop.
of Coins and Medals, Danish
NationalMuseum(Copenhagen,1955).
SNGFitz.
SNG [GreatBritain],vol. 4, FitzwilliamMuseum:Leake
and GeneralCollections
(London, 1967).
SNGvAulock. SNG Deutschland.Sammlungvon Aulock.
Spijkerman. A. Spijkerman,The Coinsof theDecapolisand Provincia
Arabia, editedwitha historicaland geographicalintroductionby MichelePiccirillo,Studia Biblici Franciscani
CollectioMinor25 (Jerusalem,1978).
Sydenham(or S.). E. A. Sydenham,TheCoinageofCaesareain Cappadocia
(London, 1933); rpt. withsuppl.,Alex G. Malloy (New
York, 1978).
R. Teja, "Kappadokien in der Prinzipatszeit,"ANRW
Teja.
11.7.2 (Berlinand New York, 1980), pp. 1083-1124.
van Heesch. J. van Heesch, "Les ateliersmontairesde Pescennius
Niger,"RBN 124 (1978), pp. 57-72.
van Hoof.
C. van Hoof,"Zur syrischen
der
Tetradrachmenprgung
rmischenKaiserzeit. Ein neuerSchatzfund,"JNG 36
(1986), pp. 107-26.
Walker,Metrology
1, 2, 3. D. R. Walker,TheMetrology
oftheRomanSilver
, BAR Supp.
Coinage:pt. 1, From Augustusto Domitian
Ser. 5 (Oxford,1977); pt. 2, From Nerva to Commodus
,
BAR Supp. Ser. 22 (Oxford,1977;pt. 3, FromPertinazto
Aemilian, BAR Supp. Ser. 40 (Oxford,1978).
Weber.
L. Forrer,The WeberCollection:GreekCoins (London,
1922-29).
Weder.
M. R. Weder,"Zu den Arabia DrachmenTraians," SM
27 (1977), pp. 57-61.
Negev.
xiv
Weiser.
Weiss.
Zedelius.
W. Weiser,"Ein Teil einesumfangreichen

FundeskappadokischerSilbermnzen
der rmischenKaiserzeit,"Epigraphica Anatolica 3 (1984), pp. 109-32, "Klner
Fundkomolex."
P. Weiss,"Argaios/Erciyas
Dagi - HeiligerBergKappadokiensMonumenteund Ikonographie,"
JNG 35 (1985),
pp. 21-48.
V. Zedelius,"Untersuchungen
zurMnzprgung
von Pertinax bis ClodiusAlbinus,"Ph.D. diss., Mnster,1977.
INTRODUCTION
In May 1983 a lot of over 900 silver coins was presentedat the
AmericanNumismaticSocietyforexamination. It consisted,withthe
exceptionof a singleDomitianicdenarius,of didrachmsconventionally
attributedto Caesarea in Cappadocia. The relativewear of the coins
was consistentwith the residueof a hoard and, indeed, it was so describedby the vendor; he was unable or unwillingto provide reliable
informationregardingits findspotor point of export.
Coins of Caesarea as well as reports(unsubstantiatedfromour point
of view) of a large hoard had been filtering
throughthe trade forsome
time. Afterwe saw these coins, Dr. WolframWeiser publisheda portion of what he called the Cappadocian findin EpigraphicaAnatolica.*
Therecan be littledoubt that the presentlot is part of the same aggregation as that published by Weiser and estimated by him at 2,500
coins,and as the one publishedin Coin Hoards 7 (1985), 156, reported
to have been foundnear Kayseri in 1980. The hoard is said thereto
have amountedto ca. 2,000 silvercoins of whichover 100 weredenarii;
therewerealso two Lycian drachms. It appears that soon afterdiscovery the lot was broken up and that the portion we examined was
intendedto include only didrachms,the Domitianic denarius having
been included by accident. As the comparisonon p. 2 makes clear,
except forthe reignof Commodus,thereis littleoverlap betweenthe
lot published here and that published by Weiser.2
In the followingcatalogue,the coins are arrangedchronologically
by
ruler,then by type; economyof presentationhas combinedwith the
1 The nameis usefulinsofar
as it distinguishes
hisand thislotfrom
Baldwin's
1927Caesareafind.
2 Other
coinsprobably
orcertainly
from
thefindarelistedbyWeiser,
p. 110,n.3,
andp. 114,n. 17. ThelistofCaesarean
coinsfollowing
Table1 haveappeared
inthe
tradesinceWeiser
wrote(including
somepublished
byhim),butit is bynomeans
Therecouldbe nomoregraphic
demonstration
ofthevelocity
with
comprehensive.
whichfragile
hoardevidence
can be lost,norclearer
forthekindof
justification
record
hereand in Weiser.
attempted
1
Introduction
mint'sown practiceto indicatethat sometimesthe obverse,sometimes

the reversetype is the major control. Within each type, coins with
significantdie linksare usually placed at the head. Othercoins follow
as die linkagesuggestsand in descendingorderof weight;no attempt
has been made to trace die progressions.Weightand axis are given,
and the "remarks"columnnotesall die linkswithinthe hoardand with
Weiser. The hoardis illustratedas completelyas possibleon Plates 1 to
51. Plates 52-54 includerepresentative
coins,mainlyof denominations
otherthan the didrachm,identifiedin the key on pp. 171-73.
To make clear certainaspects ofthe die linkageit has been necessary
formsof numberingdies. These are noted as
to use several different
the
appropriatethrough catalogue,wherenumberingofdies beginsat 1
or A foreach emperoror major discreteissue. An asterisk(*) adjacent
to the runningcatalogue numberindicatesthosecoinswhichare now in
the collectionof the American NumismaticSociety.
Table 1
of Caesarea and Weiser
Comparison
Weiser
Caesarea
Hemidrachms
Denarii
Drachms
Didrachms
Denarius
Didrachms
1 (1)
Tiberius
1 (2)
1 (8)
1 (7)
2 (5-6)
Vespasian 52(1-52)
1 (3)
1 (9)
Domitian 98(53-150) 1 (932)
10(151-160)
Nerva
Trajan
1 (4)
4 (14,
10(10-13,
41(161-201)
Early
15-16,
17-19)
21-23)
9 (24-27, 50(28-39,
111-114 255(202-456)
42-44,
40-41,
45-46,
64) 47-63,
65-82)
28(83-110)
114-116 53(457-509)
37(111-47)
12(148-59)
Hadrian 18(510-27)
34(160-93)
Antoninus 5 (528-32)
1 (194)
161(533-693)
M.Aurelius
L. Verus 101(694-794)
Commodus
5 (195-199)
Undated 3 (795-97)
24(200-223)
36(798-833)
Yr.3
35(224-258)
98(834-931)
Yr.4
4
38
136
80
1
931
Total:
Introduction
Partial List of Coins in Trade since Weiser 1984

Schulten (Cologne)
25-27 Oct. 1984: 192 (hemidrachmof Vespasian, rev. Nike r.); 208
(didrachmof Domitian,rev. "Apollo"); 282 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,
rev. Mt. Argaeus); 298-99 (didrachmsof Commodus,Weiser 201 and
220).
22-23 April 1985: 398 (didrachm of Domitian, rev. Nike r.); 403
(didrachmof Domitian,rev. quadriga); 516 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,
rev. Mt. Argaeus);540-42 (didrachmsof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus,
includingWeiser 212).
20-22 Oct. 1987: 462 (hemidrachmof Titus, rev. Nike r.); 473
(didrachmof Domitian,rev. Athena r.); 499 (didrachmof Trajan, rev.
Artemis[?] bust); 559 (didrachmof AntoninusPius, rev. Eusebeia);
583 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 599 (didrachmof L.
Verus); 608-9 (didrachmsof Commodus,Weiser 219 and 197).
1-3 April 1987: 753 (didrachmof Commodus,Weiser 236).
Mller (Sollingen)
45, 16-17 Mar. 1984: 233-34 (didrachms of Commodus,rev. Mt.
Argaeus).
47, 28-29 Sept. 1984: 217 (didrachmof Vespasian, rev. Nike r.); 220
(hemidrachmof Hadrian, rev. Nike r.); 221 (hemidrachmof Hadrian,
rev. club); 223-24 (didrachms of L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 225
(didrachmof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus).
52, 26-27 June 1986: 173 (didrachmof AntoninusPius, rev. club);
174 (didrachmof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus).
55, 12-13 June 1987: 159-60 (didrachmsof Domitian, rev. Athena
and club); 161 (hemidrachm of Domitian, rev. Homonoia); 164
(didrachmof AntoninusPius, rev. Mt. Argaeus).
56, 25-26 Sept. 1987: 248 (didrachm of Trajan, rev. Artemis[?]
bust); 249 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 250 (didrachm
of L. Verus,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 251 (didrachmof Commodus,rev. Mt.
Argaeus).
57, 27-28 Feb. 1988: 140-42 (didrachmsof Trajan, rev. Artemis[?]
bust,club, Mt. Argaeus); 143 (didrachmof Hadrian, rev. Mt. Argaeus);
144 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus).
Introduction
Athena (Munich)
2: 4 Oct. 1988, 340 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus);346

(didrachmof L. Verus,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 348-49 (didrachmsof Commodus,rev. Mt. Argaeus). This sale also includesthe apparentlyunrelated Trajanic tridrachmand didrachmwith standardsand eagle respectively,305-6.
Bankhaus Aufhuser(Munich)
FPL 6, n.d. [Apr. 1988]: 306-7 (didrachmsof Domitian, rev. quadriga, Athena); 309 (didrachm of Nerva, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 325-26
(drachms of Trajan, rev. "Artemis," clasped hands); 373-79
(didrachmsof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus); 380 (tridrachmof M.
Aurelius,rev. Mars); 381 (tridrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. altar); 382
(tridrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. eagle); 383 (tridrachmof M. Aurelius,
rev. temple); 393-95 (didrachmsof L. Verus, rev. Mt. Argaeus); 403
(tridrachmof CommodusCaesar, rev. altar); 404-5 (tridrachmof Commodus Caesar, rev. eagle); 406 (tridrachmof CommodusCaesar, rev.
temple); 407-11 (didrachmsof Commodus); 436, a drachm of Julia
Domna of A.D. 197, is too worn to be consideredpart of the hoard.
ADDITIONAL
NOTE
1995
Since this manuscriptwas sent to presstherehave been two significant additionsto the bibliographyof the period under discussion. In
the first,Kevin Butcher takes up the question of overvaluationof
provincialsilver raised by D. R. Walker. He employsWalker's own
analyses of denariiand Cappadocian silver,and concludesthat if the
Caesarean drachm is viewed as the equivalent of a Rhodian drachm
(i.e. 3/4 of a denarius),there is no overvaluationat all.1
The secondis moreimportant,
and has a directbearingon the distinctionmade here,p. 48, betweenthe Roman and local-styleissuesofVespasian.2 Butcher,now in collaborationwithM. Ponting,analyzesFlavian
didrachmsof Roman and provincialstyle. The authorsconcludethat
whilethe silvercontentof the two groupsis virtuallyidentical,witha
50:50 silvencopperratiobeingthegoal, the Roman grouphas significantdemonstrate
lyhigherlead content.Moreover,"thetraceelementprofiles
that the copper and silverused to make this alloy differsignificantly
betweenthetwonumismatically
definedissuesby virtueoftheirimpurity
levels" and the trace elementratiosare "basicallythe same fordenarii
issued at Rome and Caesarean coins of the Rome style."
This second contribution is based on analyses which differ
fromWalker's(whichshowedsomewhathighersilverconsignificantly
tent forboth Roman and provincialissues) and whichshow a significantly lower standard deviation. They suggestthat Walker's results
were affectedby the effectiveness
of the blanchingprocessin ancient
timesand subsequentlyby the effectsofcorrosion. In thisrespectthey
confirmskepticismexpressedelsewhereregardingthe utilityof Walker's results..
1 K. Butcher,
"RhodianDrachms
at Caesareain Cappadocia,"
NC 152(1992),
pp.41-48.
2 K. Butcher
andM. Ponting,
"RomeandtheEast:Production
ofRomanProvincialCoinageforCaesareain Cappadocia
underVespasian,
A.D. 69-79,"Oxford
Journal
, 14.1(March1995),pp.63-77.
ofArchaeology
5
CATALOGUE
OF THE
HOARD
VESPASIAN, A.D. 69-79

Obo. AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOC. Head of
Vespasian laureate r.
Rev. A. AYTO KAI OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOY YIOC. Head of
Titus laureate r. Provincial style 1-26.
Undated
Coin
1.
2.
3.
*4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Obv./Rev. Weight Axis

1 /A1
6.61
12
1 /A2
6.34
12
1 /A3
5.83
12
2 /A3
6.36
12
2 /A4
6.92
12
3 /A5
6.33
12
3 /A6
5.97
12
4 /A6
5.65
12
4 /A7
6.43
12
A?
6.50
12
4?/
5 /A8
6.64
12
5 /A8
6.52
12
6 /A9
6.15
12
6 /A10
6.05
12
7 /All
6.82
12
8 /A12
6.82
12
9 /A13
6.59
12
6.43
12
10/A14
6.40
12
11/A15
6.38
12
12/A16
6.35
12
13/A17
6.21
12
14/A18
6.20
12
15/A19
Remarks
Obv. of 2, 3.
Obv. of 1, 3.
Obv. of 1, 2. Rev. of 4.
Obv. of 5, 27 (Nike). Rev. of 3.
Obv. of 4, 27 (Nike).
Obv. of 7.
Obv. of 6. Rev. of 8.
Obv. of 9, 10? Rev. of 7.
Obv. of 8, 10?
Obv. of 8? 9?
Dies of 12.
Dies of 11.
Obv. of 14.
Obv. of 13.
Hoard Catalogue
8
24.
*25.
26.
16/A20
/7/A21
18/A22
6.10
5.97
5.91
12
12
12
Obv. of 28 (Nike), 29 (Nike).
Rev.B. NIKH C6BACTH

Rev. Bl. Nike flyingr., wreathin r., palm in 1. Provincial style
27-40.
*27.
*28.
*29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
2/B1
17/B2
J7/B3
18/B4
19/B5
20/B6
21/B7
22/B8
23/B9
24/B10
25/B11
26/B12
27/B13
28/B14
6.38
6.96
6.43
6.83
6.63
6.58
6.57
6.51
6.44
6.36
6.35
6.33
6.32
6.12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Obv. of 4, 5 (Titus).
Obv. of 25 (Titus), 29.
Obv. of 25 (Titus), 28.
Rev. B2. Nike, on elongatedbase flyingr. wreathin r., palm in 1.

Provincial style 41, Roman style 42.
41.
42.
V ?/B?
29 /B15
6.68
6.52
12
6
Rev. C. TITOC AYTOKPATOJPKAICAP ETOYC 0. Titus standing

front,head 1.; spear in r., sheathed sword in 1. Provincial
style 43-45, Roman style 46.
Year
43.
44.
45.
46.
9, A.D. 77/8
6.47
30/C1
6.39
31/C2
6.24
32/C3
5.95
33/C4
12
12
12
6
Domitian
Rev. D. AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET 0, Domitian, togate,

standingfront,head 1., olive branch in 1. Provincial style.
47. 34/Dl
6.88
12
48. 35/D2
6.71
12
49. 36/D3
6.61
12
50. 37/D4
6.57
12
*51. 38/D5
6.44
12
52. 39/D6
6.27
12
DOMITIAN, A.D. 81-96
Obv, AYT KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOC TEPM. Head laureate r.

Rev. ETO ir
Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus;on summit,Helios radiate standing1.,globe
in r., scepter in 1.
Year 13, A.D. 92/3.
53. 1/Al
6.60
54. 2/Al
6.67
*55. 3/Al
6.51
*56. 4/A2
6.56
57. 5/A2
6.38
58. 6/A3
6.65
*59. 7/A4
6.65
*60. 8/A5
6.66
*61. 9/A6
6.50
*62. 5/A7
6.35
6
6
6
6
6
6
Rev.
Rev.
Obv.
Rev.
Rev.
of 54, 55.
of 53, 55.
of 91 (Athena). Rev. of 53, 54.
of 57.
of 56.
Obv. of 72 (Athena).
Rev. R. Apollo (?) bust laureate draped 1., scepter in r., cup or
patera in 1.
*63. 10IBI
6.44
6
Obv. of 66-68 (Athena), 131 (Nike).
Rev. C. Athena standingr., owl in r., spear in 1.
*64. /Cl
6.34
6
Obv. of 65, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike).
10
Hoard Catalogue
*65.
*66.
11/C2
20/C3
6.34
6.66
6
6
67.
101C4
6.77
*68.
101C5
6.46
*69.
*70.
71.
*72.
73.
74.
*75.
121C5
131C6
14/C7
15/C7
16/C8
17/C9
18/C9
6.51
6.64
6.05
6.52
6.44
6.72
6.47
6
7
76.
18IC10
6.70
*77.
18C10
6.63
78.
*79.
*80.
81.
*82.
83.
19/C10
2/C11
20/C12
21/C12
22/C13
22/CU
6.81
6.63
6.54
6.49
6.09
6.53
6
6
6
6
6
*84.
22/CU
6.39
*85.
23/C14
6.83
*86.
23/C14
6.20
*87.
23/C6
6.57
*88.
23/C6
6.51
6
6
6
Obv. of64, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike).

Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 67, 68, 131
(Nike).
Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66, 68 (Athena),
131 (Nike).
Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66, 67 (Athena),
131 (Nike). Rev. of 69.
Obv. of 133 (Nike). Rev. of 68.
Obv. of 132 (Nike). Rev. of 87, 88.
Obv. of 134 (Nike). Rev. of 72.
Obv. of62 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of 71.
Obv. of 135 (Nike).
Obv. of 119 (club).
Obv. of 76, 77, 148 (Nike). Rev. of
74.
Dies of 77. Obv. of 75, 148 (Nike).
Rev. of 78.
Dies of 76. Obv. of 75, 148 (Nike).
Rev. of 78.
Rev. of 76, 77.
Obv. of 80, 101 (club).
Obv. of 79, 101 (club). Rev. of 81.
Rev. of 80.
Obv. of 83, 84, 103, 104 (club).
Dies of 84. Obv. of 82, 103, 104
(club). Rev. of 86.
Dies of 83. Obv. of 82, 103, 104
(club). Rev. of 85, 86.
Dies of 86. Obv. of 87, 88. Rev. of
83, 84.
83, 84.
70.
Dies of 87. Obv. of 85, 86, 88. Rev.
of 70.
Domitian
*89.
*90.
*91.
*92.
*93.
*94.
*95.
*96.
97.
24/C15
24/C15
3C16
25/C16
26/C17
26/C17
26/C17
27/C18
unc./unc.
6.46
6.46
6.44
6.96
6.36
6.34
6.32
6.69
6.35
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
11
Dies of 90.
Dies of 89.
Obv. of55 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of92.
Rev. of 91.
Dies of 94, 95.
Dies of 93, 95.
Dies of 93, 94.
No photographicrecord.
Rev. D. Club, handle at top.

*98.
7//D1
6.86
*99.
*100.
*101.
*102.
*103.
28/D1
29/D1
20/D2
30/D2
221D3
6.59
6.34
6.54
6.64
6.56
7
6
6
6
6
*104. 22/D3
6.41
*105. 31/D3
*106. 32/D3
*107. 33/D3
6.72
6.89
6.35
6
6
6
108.
109.
*110.
*111.
*112.
*113.
*114.
*115.
116.
*117.
*118.
*119.
6.77
6.74
6.46
6.92
6.83
6.53
6.33
6.35
6.35
6.57
6.87
6.25
34/D4
34/D4
34/D4
35/D5
35/D5
35/D5
36/D6
37/D7
38/D7
39/D8
39/D9
17/D10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 129, 130

(Nike). Rev. of 99, 100.
Rev. of 98, 100.
Rev. of 98, 99.
Obv. of 79, 80 (Athena). Rev. of 102.
Rev. of 101.
Dies of 104. Obv. of 82-84 (Athena).
Rev. of 105-7.
Dies of 103. Obv. of 82-84 (Athena).
Rev. of 105-7.
Rev. of 103, 104, 106, 107.
Rev. of 103-5, 107.
Obv. of 122 (quadriga). Rev. of
103-6.
Dies of 109, 110.
Dies of 108, 110.
Dies of 108, 109.
Dies of 112, 113.
Dies of 111, 113.
Dies of 111, 112.
Rev.
Rev.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
of 116.
of 115.
of 118.
of 117.
of 74 (Athena).
Hoard Catalogue
12
*120. 40/D11
*121. 41/D12
5.62
6.80
6
6
Double struck.
Rev. E. Anepigraphic. Domitian in quadriga r., holding laurel

branch and scepter.
6
*122. 33/El
6.66
Obv. of 107 (club).
6.43
123. 42/E2
Obv. of 124.
124. 42/E3
6.47
Obv. of 123.
6.58
6
Dies of 126.
*125. 43/E4
6.47
6
Dies of 125.
*126. 43/E4
6.61
6
Dies of 128. Obv. of 149 (Nike).
*127. 44/E5
6.40
6
Dies of 127. Obv. of 149 (Nike).
*128. 44/E5
Rev. F. Nike runningr., wreath in r., palm in 1.
*129. 111Fl
6.59
*130. 111Fl
6.10
*131. 10/F2
6.41
132.
*133.
*134.
*135.
*136.
*137.
*138.
139.
*140.
141.
*142.
143.
45/F5
45/F5
46/F6
46/F6
46/F6
47/F7
48/F7
49/F8
6.32
6.26
6.30
6.14
6.65
6.64
6.75
6.54
6.39
6.46
6.73
6.84
6
6
7
7
5
6
6
6
6
*144. 49/F8
6.70
*145. 49/F8
6.54
131F2
12/F3
141F4
16/F4
Dies of 130. Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena),

98 (club).
Dies of 129. Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena),
98 (club).
Obv. of 63 (Apollo), 66-68 (Athena).
Rev. of 132.
Obv. of 70 (Athena). Rev. of 131.
Obv. of 69 (Athena).
Dies of 137.
Dies of 136.
Dies of 139, 140.
Dies of 138, 140.
Dies of 138, 139.
Rev. of 142.
Rev. of 141.
Dies of 144, 145. Rev. of 146, 148,
149.
Dies of 143, 145. Rev. of 146, 148,
149.
Dies of 143, 144. Rev. of 146, 148,
149.
Nerva
146. 50/F8
6.76
*147. 50/F9
*148. 18/F8
6.46
6.51
6
6
149. 44/FS
6.33
150. 51/F10
6.35
13
Obv. of 147. Rev. of 143-45, 148,

149.
Obv. of 146.
Obv. of 75-77 (Athena). Rev. of
143-46, 149.
Obv. of 127 (quadriga). Rev. of
143-46, 148.
NERVA, A.D. 96-98

Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAPCEBACTOC. Head laureate
r.
Rev. OMON CTPAT
Rev. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.
Undated
151. 1/HI
152. 1/H2
6.74
6.01
6
12
Obv. of 152.
Obv. of 151.
Rev. YTATOYTPITOY
COS III, A.D. 97
Rev. Club, handle at top.
153. 2/C1
6.56
12
154. 3/C2
5.32
12
Rev. YnATOY TETAPTOY
COS llll, A.D. 98
*155. 4/C3
6.35
12
Rev. Mt. Argaeus. On summit,nude figure,globe in 1.,scepterin
r.
*156. 5/A1
6.88
12
14
Hoard Catalogue
Obv. AYTOKRAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YTTATA
Rev. EAEY AHMOY
Rev. Eleutheria standing 1., pileus in r., rod in 1.

157. 6/E1
6.70
6
Rev. OMON CTPAT
Rev. Clasped hands holdingstandard on prow.
158. 7/H3
6.42
11
159. 8/H4
5.91
12
Rev. TYXH CEBACTOY
Rev. Tyche standing1., prow in r., cornucopia in 1.
160. 9/T1
6.55
12
TRAJAN, A.D. 98-117
Obv. AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC TEPM
Rev. YTTATAEYT
COS II, A.D. 98/9
Obv. Head laureate r.
Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus; on summit,Helios standing1., globe in r.,
scepter in 1.
161. 1/A1
6.78
12 Obv. of 162.
*162. 1/A2
6.63
12 Obv. of 161.
*163. 2/A3
6.73
11
12 Obv. of 167 (male figure),169 (club).
*164. 31A4
6.54
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
12 Dies of 166.
*165. 4/A5
6.54
*166. 4/A5
6.51
12 Dies of 165.
Rev. B. Male figurebearded r., helmeted,in militarydress,standing frontally,spear in r., shield in 1.
6.15
5
Obv. of 164 (Mt. Argaeus),169 (club).
*167. 3/M1
Trajan
15

*168. 5/M2
6.93

Rev. C. Club, handle at top.
*169. 3/CI
6.56
*170. 6/C2
6.52
12
Obv. of 164 (Mt. Argaeus), 167 (male

figure).
Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM

Reif.AHM EH YTTATB
Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus. On summit,Helios standing,globe in r.,
scepter in 1.
*171.
172.
*173.
174.
*175.
*176.
*177.
*178.
*179.
7/A6
8/A7
8/A7
9/A7
10/A7
10/A8
11/A9
12/A10
131AIO
6.47
6.90
6.55
6.79
6.65
6.65
6.84
6.68
6.21
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Obv. of 189 (Tyche).

Dies of 173. Rev. of 174, 175.
Dies of 172. Rev. of 174, 175.
Rev. of 172, 173, 175.
Obv. of 176. Rev. of 172-74.
Obv. of 175.
Rev. of 179.
Obv. of 182 (Eleutheria). Rev. of
178.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.

*180. 14/A11
*181. 14/A12
6.70
6.68
6
6
Obv. of 181.
Obv. of 180.

Rev. B. Eleutheria standing 1., pileus in r., rod in 1.
*182. 131El
6.51
*183. 15/E1
*184. 15/E2
*185. 16/E3
6.60
6.42
6.44
6
6
6
Obv. of 179 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of

183.
Obv. of 183.
16
Hoard Catalogue
*186. 17/E4
*187. 17/E5
*188. 18/E6
6.56
6.46
6.35
7
7
6
Obv. of 187.
Obv. of 186.
Rev. C. Tyche standing 1., rudder in r., cornucopia in 1.

*189.
190.
*191.
*192.
7/T1
19/T2
20/T3
21/T4
6.67
6.93
6.79
6.60
6
6
6
6
Obv. of 171 (Mt. Argaeus).

Obv. of 193 (club).
Rev. D. Club, handle at top.

*193.
*194.
*195.
*196.
*197.
*198.
20/C3
22/C4
23/C5
23/C6
24/C6
25/C7
6.50
6.80
6.69
6.69
6.64
6.18
6
7
6
6
7
7
Obv. of 191 (Tyche).

Obv. of 196.
Rev. of 196.
Rev. E. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

*199. 26/H1
200. 27/H2
6.61
6.51
5
6
Rev. F. Similarbut AHMAPXEHYIIAT B. Female bust (Hera?) 1.,

wearingheaddress,short scepter in each hand.
*201. 28/F1
7.11
Obv. AYTOKPA KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM AAK

Reo. AHMAPX E= YTTATO<;
COS VI, A.D. 112-117, firstphase, Trajan not yet optimus.
Rev. A. Club, handle at bottom.
Rev. of 212, 216.
6.85
6
*202. 1Al
6
Obv. of 204.
7.12
203. 2/A2
6.95
6
Obv. of 203.
204. 2/A3
7
6.72
*205. 3/A4
6.56
6
206. 4/A5
17
Trajan
207.
208.
209.
*210.
211.
5/A6
5/A6
6/A7
7/A8
7/A8
6.67
6.40
6.91
6.70
6.67
6
6
6
7
6
Dies of 208.
Dies of 207.
Dies of 211.
Dies of 210.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyoil 1. shoulder,aegis.

212.
*213.
214.
*215.
81Al
8/A9
9AIO
10/All
6.95
6.70
6.75
6.65
7
7
7
7
Obv.
Obv.
Rev.
Rev.
of 213. Rev. of 202, 216.

of 212.
of 225, 226.
of 217.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.

216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
111Al
12/All
13/A12
14/A13
15/A14
16/A15
171A 16
181A 17
191A 18
6.73
6.73
7.01
6.93
6.73
6.57
6.62
6.46
6.41
7
7
6
6
7
7
6
7
7
Rev. of 202, 212.

Rev. of 215.
Rev. of 230.
Rev. of 232-34.
Rev. of 235, 236.

225.
226.
227.
228.
*229.
201A 10
20/A 10
21/A19
21/A19
21/A20
6.69
6.39
6.66
6.54
6.24
6
6
6
6
6
Dies of 226. Rev. of 214.

Dies of 228. Obv. of 229.
Dies of 227.
Obv. of 227, 228.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind, globe beneath.

*230. 221A 16
*231. 22A21
6.68
6.94
7
7
*232. 23/A 17
233. 24/A 17
7.33
6.74
6
6

Obv. of 230. Rev. of 463 (Trajan
oplimus).
Rev. of 223, 233, 234.
Dies of 234. Rev. of 223, 232.
18
Hoard Catalogue
234.
235.
236.
*237.
238.
239.
*240.
*241.
242.
243.
*244.
241A 17
251A 18
261A 18
26/A22
26/A22
26/A22
27/A23
28/A24
29/A25
30/A26
31/A27
6.53
6.46
6.44
7.18
6.97
6.84
6.84
6.80
6.80
6.72
6.50
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
Dies of 233. Rev. of 223, 232.

Rev. of 224, 236.
Obv. of 237-39. Rev. of 224, 235.
Dies of 238, 239. Obv. of 236.
Dies of 237, 239. Obv. of 236.
Dies of 237, 238. Obv. of 236.
Rev. B. Apollo standing1.,olive branchin r., bow and arrowin 1.

245.
*246.
247.
248.
32BI
32B1
33/B2
34/B3
6.63
6.59
6.65
6.71
6
6
7
6

Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder,aegis.

*249.
*250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
35B1
36/B4
36/B5
36IB6
37/B7
38/B8
39/B9
6.76
6.85
6.63
6.54
6.90
6.63
6.61
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
Rev.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
of 245, 246.
of 251, 252.
of 250, 252.
of 250, 251. Rev. of 256-58.

*256. 40IB6
257. 40B6
6.76
6.71
7
7
258. 40IB6
6.71
259. 40IB7
260. 41/B10
*261. 41/B10
6.75
6.89
6.82
7
7
7
Dies of 257, 258. Rev. of 252.

Dies of 256, 258. Obv. of 259. Rev.
of 252.
Dies of 256, 257. Obv. of 259. Rev.
of 252.
Obv. of 256-58. Rev. of 253, 288.
Dies of 261.
Dies of 260.
19
Trajan
262.
*263.
*264.
*265.
266.
*267.
268.
269.
270.
*271.
*272.
273.
274.
275.
*276.
*277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
*282.
283.
*284.
285.
*286.
287.
42BU
43BU
43/Bil
44/B12
44/B12
44/B13
45/B13
45/B13
46/B14
47/B14
47/B15
48/B16
48/B16
49/B17
50/B18
51/B18
52/B19
53/B19
54/B20
54/B20
54/B20
55/B21
56/B22
57/B23
58/B24
59/B25
6.73
6.67
6.49
6.58
6.46
6.69
6.81
6.63
6.47
6.46
6.44
7.04
6.31
6.57
6.82
6.73
6.34
6.28
7.00
6.59
6.54
7.07
6.89
6.76
6.29
6.25
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
Rev. of 263, 264, 292, 293.

Dies of 264. Rev. of 262, 292, 293.
Dies of 263. Rev. of 262, 292, 293.
Obv. of 265, 266. Rev. of 268, 269.
Rev. of 271.
Obv. of 271.
Dies of 274.
Dies of 273.
Rev. of 277.
Rev. of 276.
Rev. of 279.
Rev. of 278.
Dies of 281, 282.
Dies of 280, 282.
Dies of 280, 281.

288.
289.
290.
291.
60B7
60/B26
61/B27
61/B28
7.22
6.81
6.65
6.51
7
7
7
7
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
of 289. Rev. of 253, 259.

of 288.
of 291.
of 290.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind,globe beneath.

*292. 62BU
*293. 62BU
294. 63/B29
6.70
6.65
6.93
6
6
6
Dies of 293. Rev. of 262-64.

Dies of 292. Rev. of 262-64.
20
Hoard Catalogue
Rev. C. Female bust (Artemis?)1.in chiton,spear in r., patera in 1.
295. 64CI
6.99
296. 64ICI
6.83
297. 64C1
6.54
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
6.96
6.70
6.63
6.57
6.54
6.85
6.81
6.80
6.80
6.75
6.60
6
7
6
7
6
6
7
6
6
7
6
64C2
65/C3
65/C4
66/C5
66/C5
67/C6
68/C7
69/C8
70/C9
71/C10
72/C11
Dies of 296, 297.

of 322, 334.
Dies of 295, 297.
of 322, 334.
Dies of 295, 296.
of 322, 334.
Obv. of 295-97.
Obv. of 300.
Obv. of 299.
Dies of 302.
Dies of 301.
Obv. of 298. Rev.

Obv. of 298. Rev.
Obv. of 298. Rev.
Rev. of 326.

309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
73/C12
73/C12
73/C13
74/C14
75/C15
6.64
6.51
6.62
6.49
6.43
6
6
6
6
6

Obv. of 309, 310.

314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
76IC16
76/C17
76/C17
76/C18
76/C18
76/C18
77/C19
6.81
7.05
6.80
6.88
6.64
6.50
6.54
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
Obv. of 315-19. Rev. of 335.

Dies of 316. Obv. of 314, 317-19.
Dies of 315. Obv. of 314, 317-19.
Dies of 318, 319. Obv. of 314-16.
Dies of 317, 319. Obv. of 314-16.
Dies of 317, 318. Obv. of 314-16.
Rev. of 321.
Trajan
321.
322.
*323.
324.
325.
326.
*327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
78/C19
78/CI
79/C20
79/C20
79/C21
80/C2
80/C22
81/C23
82/C24
83/C25
84/C26
85/C27
86/C28
6.50
6.84
6.97
6.66
6.67
6.76
6.59
6.93
6.89
6.81
6.75
6.73
6.59
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
6
7
7
6
21

Obv. of 321. Rev. of 295-97, 334.
Obv. of 323, 324.
Obv. of 326.
Globe beneath?

334. 87CI
6.63
Rev. of 295-97, 322.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind,globe beneath.

335.
*336.
337.
*338.
339.
*340.
341.
*342.
343.
344.
*345.
*346.
347.
348.
*349.
*350.
*351.
88C16
88/C29
88/C30
88/C31
89/C31
90/C32
90/C32
90/C33
91/C33
91/C33
92/C34
92/C34
93/C35
94/C36
95/C36
96/C37
97/C38
6.72
6.92
6.75
6.75
6.60
6.56
6.45
6.64
6.81
6.66
6.49
6.39
6.75
6.79
6.75
6.62
6.87
6
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
Obv. of 336-38. Rev. of 314.

Obv. of 335, 337, 338.
Obv. of 335, 336, 338.
Obv. of 335-37. Rev. of 339.
Rev. of 338.
Obv. of 340, 341. Rev. of 343, 344.
Dies of 346.
Dies of 345.
Rev. of 349.
Rev. of 348.
22
Hoard Catalogue
Rev. D. Tyche standing1.,rudderon globe on groundin r., cornucopia in 1.
*352.
353.
*354.
*355.
*356.
357.
358.
*359.
360.
*361.
362.
98D1
98/D2
98/D3
99D4
99D4
100/D5
101/D6
102/D7
103/D8
104/D9
105/D10
6.61
6.93
6.69
6.85
6.52
6.69
6.60
6.59
6.55
6.48
6.46
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
6
Obv. of 353, 354. Rev. of 363, 364.

Obv. of 352, 354.
Obv. of 352, 353.
Dies of 356. Rev. of 373, 374.
Dies of 355. Rev. of 373, 374.

*363. 106/D/
6.74
*364. 106/D
6.46
365.
366.
*367.
368.
*369.
*370.
*371.
372.
6.72
6.84
6.56
6.97
6.71
6.87
6.73
6.71
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
106/D11
107/D12
107/D13
108/D14
108/D14
109/D15
109/D15
110/D16
Dies of 364. Obv. of 365. Rev. of

352.
352.
Obv. of 363, 364.
Obv. of 367.
Obv. of 366.
Dies of 369.
Dies of 368.
Dies of 371.
Dies of 370.

373. Ill ID4
6.68
374. Ill ID4
6.60
375. 111/D17
*376. 112/D18
6.80
6.70
7
6

355, 356.
355, 356.
Obv. of 373, 374.
Dies of 377.
Trajan
*377. 112/D18
378. 113/D/0
6.67
7.08
6
6
379. 113/D/9
6.76
380.
381.
382.
383.
*384.
*385.
*386.
*387.
388.
389.
390.
6.60
6.46
6.88
6.71
6.53
6.72
6.71
6.70
6.69
6.67
6.57
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
113/D20
113/D20
113/D21
114/D22
115/D23
116/D24
117/D25
118/D26
119/D27
120/D28
121/D29
23
Dies of 376.
Dies of 379. Obv. of 380-82. Rev. of
392, 393.
Dies of 378. Obv. of 380-82. Rev. of
392, 393.
Dies of 381. Obv. of 378, 379, 382.
Dies of 380. Obv. of 378, 379, 382.
Obv. of 378-81.
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?
Globe beneath?

391. 122/D30
6.96

392.
*393.
*394.
*395.
*396.
*397.
*398.
399.
*400.
*401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
123D19
124D19
124/D31
124/D31
125/D32
125/D33
125/D34
125/D34
126/D35
126/D35
127/D36
127/D36
127/D36
127/D36
127/D37
128/D38
6.45
6.79
6.75
6.30
7.03
6.85
6.75
6.54
6.79
6.63
7.09
6.90
6.75
6.42
7.01
6.73
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
6
Rev. of 378, 379, 393.

Obv. of 394, 395. Rev. of 378, 392.
Obv. of 397-99.
Obv. of 396, 398, 399.
Dies of 399. Obv. of 396, 397.
Dies of 398. Obv. of 396, 397.
Dies of 401.
Dies of 400.
Dies of 403-5. Obv. of 406.
Dies of 402, 404, 405. Obv. of 406.
Dies of 402, 403, 405. Obv. of 406.
Dies of 402-4. Obv. of 406.
Obv. of 402-5.
Dies of 408, 409.
24
Hoard Catalogue
408.
409.
410.
*411.
412.
*413.
*414.
*415.
128/D38
128/D38
129/D39
130/D39
131/D39
132/D40
132/D40
133/D41
6.73
6.61
6.47
6.71
6.69
6.85
6.73
6.78
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Dies of 407, 409.

Dies of 407, 408.
Rev. of 411, 412.
Rev. of 410, 412.
Rev. of 410, 411.
Dies of 414.
Dies of 413.
Rev. E. Mt. Argaeus of varyingdesign,usually grottoat bottom

containingcult stone,flankedby two pyramidalobjects. At
top, second grotto,sometimeswith appearance of flame.
Trees on slopes of mountain.
416. 134/El
*417. 135/E2
*418. 136IE3
6.29
6.80
6.32
6
6
7
Rev. of 430, 447.

Rev. of 443, 444.

*419.
*420.
421.
*422.
*423.
424.
425.
426.
*427.
*428.
*429.
137/E4
137/E4
137/E5
137/E6
137/E6
137/E6
138/E7
139/E8
139/E8
140IE9
141E9
6.63
6.33
6.56
7.06
6.87
6.48
6.95
6.76
6.64
6.85
6.54
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
6
Dies of 420. Obv. of 421-24.

Dies of 419. Obv. of 421-24.
Obv. of 419, 420, 422-24.
Dies of 423, 424. Obv. of 419-21.
Dies of 422, 424. Obv. of 419-21.
Dies of 422, 423. Obv. of 419-21.
Dies of 427.
Dies of 426.
Rev. of 429, 445.
Rev. of 428.

430.
431.
432.
433.
*434.
142El
143/E10
143/E10
144/E10
144/E11
6.54
6.94
6.55
6.65
6.98
7
7
6
6
7
Rev. of 416, 447.

Obv. of 434-36. Rev. of 431, 432.
Dies of 435, 436. Obv. of 433.
Trajan
*435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.
441.
442.
*443.
144/Ell
144/Ell
145/E12
145/E12
146/E12
147/E13
147/E13
147/E13
148/E3
6.57
6.06
6.72
6.71
6.65
7.08
6.87
6.46
6.93
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
25
Dies of 434, 436. Obv. of 433.

Dies of 434, 435. Obv. of 433.
Rev. of 437, 438.
Dies of 441, 442.
Dies of 440, 442.
Dies of 440, 441.
Rev. of 418, 444.
Obv. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P

*444. 149/3
*445. 149IE9
*446. 149/E14
6.81
6.54
6.68
8
7
7
Obv. of 445, 446. Rev. of 418, 443.

Obv. of 444, 446. Rev. of 428, 429.
Obv. of 444, 445.
Obv.Legend as 202-443.
*447.
448.
449.
*450.
451.
452.
453.
*454.
455.
*456.
150/J5/
151/E15
151/E15
152/E15
153/E16
154/E16
155/E17
155/E18
156/E19
157/E20
6.82
6.77
6.55
6.47
6.79
6.76
6.74
6.67
6.83
6.68
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
Rev. of 416, 430.

Rev. of 448, 449.
Rev. of 452.
Rev. of 451.
Obv. of 454.
Obv. of 453.
The numberingofobversesbeginsanew withthe prefixA. The numberingof reversedies continuesfromthe firstphase. Since the clasped
hands typeofgroupD below is new,reversedies are prefixedH rather
than D.
Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIAN6APICTO) CEB TEPM AAK
Rev. AHMAPX EE YTTATO
26
Hoard Catalogue
Second phase, Trajan optimus,not yet Parthicus.

Rev. A. Club, handle at bottom.
457. A1/A28
458. A1/A29
459. A2/A30
6.32
6.23
6.25
7
7
7
Obv. of 458.
Obv. of 457.
Rev. of 460.

460. Ail A 30
461. A3/A31
462. A4/A32
6.57
6.60
6.29
7
7
7

Obv. of 460.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.

463. A5A21
6.24
Dies of 464. Rev. of 231 (Trajan not
464. A5/A21
5.92
yet optimus).
Dies of 463. Rev. of 231 (Trajan not
yet optimus).
Rev. B. Apollo standing1.,olive branchin r., bow and arrowin 1.

465. A6/B30
6.37

466. A7/B31
6.77
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped? cuirassed.

467. A8/B32
468. A8/B32
469. A8/B32
7.10
6.81
6.77
6
6
6
Dies of 468, 469.

Dies of 467, 469.
Dies of 467, 468.

470.
471.
*472.
473.
474.
*475.
A9/B33
A9/B33
A10/B34
A11/B34
A12/B34
A13/B35
6.86
6.72
6.88
6.63
6.00
7.03
7
7
7
6
6
6
Dies of 471.
Dies of 470.
Rev. of 473, 474.
Rev. of 472, 474.
Rev. of 472, 473.
Trajan
27
Rev. C. Female bust (Artemis?)1.in chiton,spear in r., patera in 1.

476. A14/C39 6.97
477. AU/C40 6.45
6
6
Obv. of 477.

478. A15IC41
6.53
Rev. of 479, 480.
Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.

479. A161C41 6.78
*480. A16/C41 6.30
6
6


481. Al 7IC40 7.09
482. A17/C42 7.16
483. A18/C43 6.33
6
5
6

Obv. of 481.

484.
485.
486.
487.
A19/C44
A20/C45
A21/C46
A22/C47
7.02
6.99
6.90
6.72
6
6
6
6
Rev. D. Clasped hands holdingstandard on prow.

*488.
489.
490.
491.
A23/H1
A23/H1
A24H2
A24IH3
6.65
6.64
6.89
6.54
6
6
7
7
Dies of 489.
Dies of 488.

492.
*493.
494.
495.
A25IH2
A26IH3
A26/H4
A27/H5
6.87
6.44
7.11
6.88
7
7
6
6
Rev. of 490.
Obv. of 493.
Dies of 496.
Hoard Catalogue
28
496. A27/H5
497. A28/H6
6.53
6.55
6
7
Dies of 495.

498. A29/H7
6.69
Rev. E. Mt. Argaeus of hemisphericaldesign, grottoat bottom

containingcult stone and two or more pyramidalor round
objects. At top, stylizedgrotto(or crater?). Trees on slopes.
7
Obv. of 500-502.
*499. A30/E21 6.93
7
Obv. of 499, 501, 502.
500. A30/E22 6.76
7
Obv. of 499, 500, 502.
501. A30/E23 6.70
6
Obv. of 499-501.
502. A30/E24 6.54
7
503. A31/E25 6.98
7
*504. A32/E26 6.75
7
Rev. of 506, 507.
505. A33E27 7.04
7
Rev. of 505, 507.
506. A34IE27 6.46
*507. A35/E27 6.58
*508. A35/E28 6.44
509. A36/E29 7.05
7
7
7
Obv. of 508. Rev. of 505, 506.

Obv. of 507.
HADRIAN, A.D. 117-138

Obu. AYT KAIC TPAIAN AAPIANOC CEB
Rev. AHMAPX E= YTTATT
A.D. 119-128, COS III, not yet Pater Patriae
Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby Helios standing1., globe in r.,
scepter in 1.
510. 1/1
6.57

*511. 2/2
6.47
Hadrian
29
Obv. AAPIANOC CEBACTOC

Rev. YTTATOCT TTATHPTTATP
A.D. 128-138, COS III, Pater Patriae
Rev. A. Mt. Argaeussurmountedby Helios, globe in r., scepterin
1.
512. 31Al
513. 4/A2
6.79
6.73
7
6
Rev. of 514.

514. 51Al
6.45
7
6
515. 6/A3
6.55
516. 7/A4
6.63
Rev. B. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.

517. 8/B1
518. 9/B2
6.71
6.56
6
6
Rev. C. Mt. Argaeus. In field,three stars.

519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
10/C1
11/C2
12/C3
13/C4
14/C5
14/C6
15/C7
6.78
6.72
6.70
6.67
6.62
6.46
6.41
6
6
7
6
7
7
7

Obv. of 523.

526. 16/C8
6.60

*527. 5/C5
6.70
30
Hoard Catalogue
ANTONINUS PIUS, A.D. 138-161
Obv. AYTOKP ANTONEINOC CEBACTOC
Rev. YTTATOCB
COS II, A.D. 139

Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby Helios, standing1., globe in r.,
scepter in 1.
6.34
*528. 1/1
Rev. YriATOC I"

COS III, A.D. 140-144
Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.
529.
*530.
531.
532.
6.89
6.39
6.00
7.08
2/2
2/3
2/4
3/5
12
6
7
6
Obv. of 530, 531.

Obv. of 529, 531.
Obv. of 529, 530.
MARCUS AURELIUS, A.D. 161-180

Obv. AYTOKP ANTQNEINOC CEB
Reo. A. YTTATOCI",Mount Argaeus surmountedby Helios, globe
in r., scepter in 1.
COS III for Marcus, COS II for Lucius, A.D. 161-166
Obv. Head r.
*533.
*534.
*535.
*536.
537.
/A1
2/A2
31A3
41A4
5A5
7.20
6.86
6.55
6.92
6.47
7
6
7
7
6
Obv. of 612.
Obv. of 613.
Obv. of 614.
Obv. of 615.
Marcus Aurelius
538.
*539.
540.
*541.
*542.
*543.
*544.
545.
*546.
*547.
*548.
*549.
*550.
*551.
*552.
*553.
5IA5
6A6
7A6
8A7
9A8
9/A 9
10/A10
10/A11
11/A12
12/A13
13/A14
14/A15
15/A16
16/A17
17/A18
18/A19
5.94
6.60
6.38
6.71
7.07
6.44
6.85
6.40
7.93
7.24
6.95
6.79
6.74
6.73
6.71
6.65
6
12
12
12
12
12
12
1
12
12
11
12
12
12
6
5
Dies of 537.
Rev. of 540, 558, 559.
Rev. of 539, 558, 559.
Rev. of 604.
Obv. of 543.
Obv. of 545.
Obv. of 544.
12
12
12
12
6
5
12
7
12
11
6
6
6
6
5
12
12
6
5
Obv. of 629.
Rev. of 537, 538.
Rev. of 539, 540, 559.
Rev. of 539, 540, 558.
Obv. of 561.
Obv. of 560.
Obv. of 563.
Obv. of 562.

*554.
*555.
*556.
*557.
558.
559.
*560.
561.
*562.
*563.
*564.
*565.
*566.
*567.
*568.
*569.
*570.
*571.
*572.
191A20
20IA5
20'A21
201A21
21IA6
22A6
23/A22
23/A23
24/A24
24/A25
25/A26
26/A27
27/A28
28/A29
29/A30
30/A31
31/A32
32/A33
33IA34
6.72
6.64
6.15
6.10
6.83
7.11
6.92
6.78
6.61
6.32
6.96
6.96
6.89
6.63
6.67
6.57
6.57
6.48
6.33
Rev. of 580.
31
32
Hoard Catalogue
Obv. Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
*573.
*574.
*575.
*576.
577.
*578.
*579.
341A 35
35/A36
36/A37
37/A38
38/A39
39/A40
40/A41
6.61
6.85
6.76
6.75
6.61
6.59
6.47
12
6
6
6
5
12
5

*580.
*581.
*582.
*583.
41/A 34
42IA35
42/A42
43/A43
6.45
6.64
6.76
6.75
12
6
12
6
Obv. of 656, 657. Rev. of 572.

Obv. of 581.
Obv. Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.

*584. 44/AU
*585. 44/A45
586. 45/A46
6.77
6.62
6.39
12
12
6
Obv. of 585, 662.

Obv. 584, 662. Rev. of 590.
Obv. of 663.
Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.

*587.
*588.
589.
590.
*591.
*592.
593.
*594.
*595.
*596.
*597.
*598.
*599.
*600.
*601.
461A 47
47A47
48A21
49A45
501A48
501A48
51/A49
511A9
52/A50
52/A51
53/A52
54/A53
55/A54
56/A55
57/A56
6.99
6.60
6.79
6.79
6.65
6.24
7.12
6.75
6.66
6.62
7.24
6.89
6.82
6.79
6.68
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
12
12
6
12
6
12
5
Obv. of 670. Rev. of 588, 605, 606.

Rev. of 587, 605, 606.
Rev. of 556, 557.
Rev. of 585.
Obv. of 592, 671.
Obv. of 594.
Obv. of 596.
Obv. of 595.
Marcus Aurelius
602. 58/A57
603. 59/A58
6.51
6.46
33
12
12
Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.

*604.
*605.
*606.
*607.
*608.
*609.
610.
601A7
61IA47
61IA47
61/A59
62/A60
63/A61
64/A62
7.11
6.70
6.46
6.81
6.83
6.56
6.56
12
12
6
12
6
6
6
Rev. of 541.
Dies of 606. Rev. of 587, 588.
Dies of 605. Rev. of 587, 588.
Obv. of 605, 606.

*611. 65/A63
6.40
12
Rev. B. YTTATOCT Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.

Obv. Head r.
*612.
*613.
*614.
*615.
*616.
6.60
6.37
6.39
6.82
6.92
6
12
6
6
12
*617. 66B5
6.61
12
618.
619.
*620.
621.
*622.
623.
*624.
*625.
*626.
*627.
*628.
6.61
6.81
6.90
6.78
7.08
6.73
6.64
6.64
6.59
6.54
6.24
12
6
6
6
6
6
12
6
12
6
11
1IB1
2/B2
31B3
4/B4
66/B5
66/B6
67IB7
68/B8
68/B8
69/B9
70/B10
71/B11
72/B12
73/B13
74/B14
75/B15

Obv. of 534.
Obv. of 535.
Obv. of 536.
630.
630.
Obv. of 616, 617.
Rev. of 633, 692.
Dies of 621.
Dies of 620.
34
Hoard Catalogue
*629.
630.
*631.
*632.
*633.
634.
*635.
*636.
*637.
*638.
*639.
*640.
*641.
642.
*643.
*644.
*645.
*646.
*647.
648.
*649.
/0/B16
76IB5
76/B17
77/B18
78B7
79B19
80B20
81/B21
81/B21
82/B21
82/B22
83/B23
84/B24
85/B25
86/B26
87/B27
88/B28
89/B29
90/B30
91/B31
92/B32
6.82
6.58
6.29
6.36
6.47
6.34
6.53
6.96
6.33
6.66
6.23
7.16
6.79
6.75
6.70
6.65
6.54
6.54
6.51
6.48
6.40
12
12
12
12
6
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
12
12
5
12
6
Obv. of 554.
Obv. of 631. Rev. of 616, 617.
Obv. of 630. Rev. double struck.
Rev. of 619, 692.
Rev. of 687, 688.
Rev. of 652.
Obv. of 639. Rev. of 636, 637.
Obv. of 638.
Obv. Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder.

*650.
*651.
652.
*653.
*654.
655.
34/B33
93B34
94IB20
94/B35
95/B36
96/B37
6.47
6.87
6.73
6.65
7.00
6.85
6
12
12
12
6
6
Obv.
Rev.
Obv.
Obv.
of 573.
of 661.
of 653. Rev. of 635.
of 652. Rev. of 675.

*656.
*657.
*658.
*659.
411B38
411B39
97/B40
97/B40
6.86
6.05
6.71
6.65
12
6
6
6
Obv. of 580, 657.

Obv. of 580, 656.
Dies of 659.
Dies of 658.
Marcus Aurelius
*660. 98/B41
*661. 99B34
6.56
6.51
6
12
35
Rev. of 651.
Obv. Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.

*662. 44/B42
6.75
6
Obv. of 584, 585. Rev. of 676, 677.
*663. 451B43
6.74
6
Obv. of 586.
*664. 100/B44 6.85
12
*665. 101/B45 6.82
11
666. 102/B46 6.78
12
667. 103/B47 6.48
12
*668. 104/B48 6.23
6
*669. 105/B49 6.11
12
670.
*671.
*672.
673.
*674.
*675.
*676.
*677.
678.
*679.
*680.
681.
*682.
*683.
*684.
*685.
46/B50
501B51
106/B52
107/B52
107/B53
07/B35
mB42
108IB42
109/B54
109/B54
110/B55
111/B56
112/B57
113/B58
114/B59
115/B60
6.56
6.82
6.69
6.83
6.26
6.06
6.99
6.77
6.81
6.47
6.75
6.71
6.64
6.61
6.41
6.35
12
12
6
6
6
12
6
6
12
6
6
12
1
6
6
6
Obv. of 587.
Obv. of 591, 592.
Rev. of 673.
Obv. of 674, 675.
Obv. of 673, 675.
Obv. of 673, 674.
Dies of 677. Rev.
Dies of 676. Rev.
Dies of 679.
Dies of 678.
Rev. of 672.
Rev. of 653.
of 662.
of 662.
Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.

*686. 116/J3/ 6.57
11 Rev. of 612.
687. 117IB 19 6.74
6
*688. 117IB 19 6.65
6
*689. 118/B61 6.64
6
*690. 119/B62 6.47
5
*691. 120/B63 6.37
12
36
Hoard Catalogue
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind
*692. 1211B7
*693. 122/B64
6.49
6.72
1
5
Rev. of 619, 633.
LUCIUS VERUS, A.D. 161-169

Obv. AYTOKP OYHPOC CEBACTOC
Rev. YrTATOCB
COS III for Marcus, COS II for Lucius, A.D. 161-166
Rev. A. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby Helios, globe in r., scepter
in 1.
Obv. Head r.
*694.
*695.
696.
*697.
698.
699.
*700.
*701.
*702.
*703.
*704.
*705.
706.
*707.
*708.
*709.
710.
*711.
*712.
*713.
*714.
*715.
//Al
Il Al
2/A2
31A3
41A4
51A 5
6/A6
6/A7
7/A7
8/A7
8/A8
9/A9
9/A9
10/A10
10/A10
11/A11
12/A12
13/A13
14/A14
15/A15
16/A16
17/A17
6.77
6.43
6.60
6.46
6.85
6.84
6.52
6.76
6.35
6.62
6.73
6.79
6.52
7.12
6.88
8.03
7.07
6.81
6.64
6.60
6.59
6.58
12
12
6
5
12
6
6
11
11
6
6
12
12
12
12
6
6
6
6
12
6
12

Rev. of 730.
Rev. of 720.
Obv. of 701.
Obv. of 700. Rev. of 702, 703.
Rev. of 701, 703.
Obv. of 704. Rev. of 701, 702.
Obv. of 703.
Dies of 706.
Dies of 705.
Dies of 708.
Dies of 707.
Plated?
Lucius Vrus
*716. 18/A18
*717. 19/A19
*718. 20/A20
6.50
6.50
6.27
12
5
12

719.
*720.
721.
*722.
*723.
*724.
2//A21
221A5
22/A22
23/A 23
24/A24
25/A25
6.93
6.56
6.65
6.42
6.71
6.71
6
12
6
12
6
6
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Rev.
of 764.
of 721. Rev. of 699.
of 720.
of 736.
Obv. Bust draped r., seen frombehind

725. 26/A26
6.74
12
Obv. Bust cuirassed r., seen frombehind.

*726.
*727.
*728.
*729.
730.
*731.
*732.
733.
734.
*735.
27/A27
281A28
291A2
30/A 3
31A4
32/A29
33/A29
34/A30
35/A31
36/A32
6.83
6.81
6.67
6.59
6.68
7.08
6.47
6.96
6.76
6.48
12
12
1
12
6
6
12
7
6
12
Obv.
Obv.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
of 774.
of 775.
of 696.
of 697.
of 698.
of 732.
of 731.
Obv. Bust draped r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.

736.
737.
*738.
*739.
*740.
*741.
37/A23
38/A33
39/A33
40/A34
41/A35
42/A36
6.93
6.77
6.67
6.94
6.41
6.23
12
12
12
12
12
6
Rev. of 722.
Rev. of 738.
Rev. of 737.
37
Hoard Catalogue
38
Rev. B. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.

Obv. Head r.
*742.
*743.
*744.
*745.
*746.
*747
*748.
*749.
*750.
751.
*752.
*753.
*754.
*755.
*756.
*757.
*758.
*759.
*760.
*761.
*762.
*763.
7/B1
2/B2
3/B3
43B4
44B5
45IB6
46/B7
47/B7
48/B8
48/B8
49/B9
50/B10
51/B11
52/B12
53/B13
54/B14
55/B15
56/B16
57/B17
58/B18
59/B19
60/B20
6.46
6.88
6.34
6.81
6.65
6.46
6.96
6.34
6.88
6.38
6.90
6.90
6.79
6.73
6.70
6.68
6.67
6.53
6.48
6.45
6.38
6.22
6
6
6
12
12
6
6
5
12
12
12
12
12
11
6
12
12
6
6
5
6
12
Obv. of 694, 695.

Obv. of 696. Rev. of 765, 766.
Obv. of 697.
Rev. of 792, 793.
Rev. of 776.
Rev. of 769.
Rev. of 749.
Rev. of 748.
Dies of 751.
Dies of 750.

*764. 21IB21
765. 61B2
6.73
6.77
6
6
*766. 61B2
6.41
767. 61/B22
*768. 61/B23
*769. 62IB6
6.58
6.81
6.80
12
5
12

Dies of 766. Obv. of 767, 768. Rev.
of 743.
Dies of 765. Obv. of 767, 768. Rev.
of 743.
Obv. of 765, 766, 768. Rev. of 790.
Obv. of 765-67.
Rev. of 747.
Lucius Vrus
39
Obv. Bust draped r., seen frombehind.

770. 63IB21
6.58
6
Obv. of 771, 772. Rev. of 764.
771. 63/B24
6.76
12 Dies of 772. Obv. of 770.
772. 63/B24
6.74
12 Dies of 771. Obv. of 770.
773. 64IB25
6.57
6
Rev. of 777.
Obv. Bust cuirassed r., seen frombehind.
774.
775.
776.
777.
778.
779.
780.
781.
782.
783.
784.
785.
786.
787.
788.
789.
271B26
28/B27
65/55
66B25
67/B28
67/B28
68/B29
68/B29
69/B30
69/B30
69/B31
70/B32
71/B33
72/B34
73/B35
74/B36
6.82
6.74
6.86
6.52
6.90
6.84
6.79
6.45
6.49
6.33
6.78
7.25
6.82
6.74
6.72
6.56
12
12
12
7
12
12
6
6
12
6
12
6
12
6
12
12
Obv. of 726.
Obv. of 727.
Rev. of 746.
Rev. of 773.
Dies of 779.
Dies of 778.
Dies of 781.
Dies of 780.
Obv. of 782, 783.
Obv. Bust draped r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.

790. 75B22
791. 76/B37
6.38
7.25
6
6
Rev. of 767.

792. 111B4
6.92
12
793. 77B4
6.73
11
794. 77/B38
6.41

745.
745.
Obv. of 792, 793.
40
Hoard Catalogue
COMMODUS, A.D. 180-192
ObverseLegends
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
AY MAP AYP KOM ANTONEINOC CEB

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONEINOC CE
AY M AYP KOMO ANTONEINOC CE
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONEINOC
AYTO M AYP KOMO ANTONINOC
AYTO M AYP KOMOAOC AN CE
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINOC CE
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINOC C
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINOC
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINO CE
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINO
AYT M AYP KOMO ANT0NIN
AYT M AYP KOMO ANT0NI
AYT M AYP KOMO ANT0[
AYT M AYP KO ANTONINO
AYT M AYP KOMO ANT0NI[
AYT M AYP KOMO ANT0NIN[
Reverselegends
Commodus'sreversesdisplayin Greekthe consulariterationand the

title pater patriae.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
no date, I",A
I"
T. A
I"
I"
I"
I"
A
TTATTTATPIAOC
TTATTTATPIA
TTATTTATPI
TTATTTATP
TTATTTAT
TTATTATPIAOC
nAT TTATT
nAT TTA
Commodus
41
COS? A.D. 180? See Commentaryon Reigns.

795. //Al
4.59
12
796. 21Al
4.30
12
*797. 3/A2
4.84
12
Legends 9/H. Obv. of 799 (year 3).

Rev. of 796. Dies of Weiser 195, 196.
Legends 9/H. Obv. of 834 (year 4).
Rev. of 795. Dies of Weiser 197 and
ANS 1944.100.59910.
Legends 5/H.
r, COS III, A.D. 181-182

Rev. Mt. Argaeussurmountedby Helios holdingglobe in r., scepter in 1.
*798. 4/A3
4.22
Legends 2/E.

799. II A4
800. 5/A5
801. 6/A6
4.62
4.22
4.02
1
12
12
802.
803.
804.
805.
806.
807.
808.
7/A6
81A7
8/A8
9/A9
9/A9
10/A10
7/A11
4.56
4.60
4.26
4.34
4.44
4.12
4.27
12
5
12
12
12
809. 121A 12
810. 13/A13
*811. 14/A14
4.49
4.48
4.05
6
12
11
*812. 14/A14
3.88
11
Legends 9/C. Obv. of 795.

Legends 7/C.
Legends 9/C. Obv. of 818. Rev. of
802.
Legends 14/C(...ANT[). Rev. of 801.
Legends 7/C. Obv. of 804, 819.
Legends 8/C. Dies of 806.
Dies of 805.
Legends 7/C.
Legends 7/C. Obv. of 820; 835-37
(year 4).
Legends 8/C. Rev. of 817.
Legends 7/C. Dies of Weiser 201.
Legends 6/C. Rev. possibly reut
fromA13. Dies of 812 and Weiser
215.
Dies of 811.
42
Hoard Catalogue
813.
814.
815.
816.
15/A15
16/A16
17/A17
18/A18
4.49
4.28
4.21
4.17
12
12
Legends 7/C.
Legends 10/C.
Legends 7/A.
Legends 7/C.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder

*817. 19A 12
4.02
12
Legends 7/C. Obv. of 831, 832. Rev.

of 809.
Rev. Nike advancing 1., wreath in r., palm in 1.

818. 6/NL1
4.57
819. S/NL1
4.33
820. 72/NL1
4.28
821. 20/NL2
4.33
12
20/NL2
20/NL3
21/NL4
22/NL4
23/NL5
24/NL6
25/NL7
261NL8
3.80
4.12
3.71
4.29
4.48
4.32
4.26
4.46
6
6
6
6
11
1
1
11
830. 26/NL8
4.40
12
822.
823.
824.
825.
*826.
*827.
828.
*829.
Legends 9/A. Obv. of 801. Rev. of

819, 820.
Legends 7/A. Obv. of 803, 804. Rev.
of 818, 820.
Legends 7/A. Obv. of 808; 835-37
(year 4). Rev. of 818, 819.
Legends 8/C. Dies of 822. Obv. of
823. Obv. of Weiser 210 (rev. Mt.
Argaeus with star), 211 (rev. Mt.
Argaeus with Helios).
Legends 8/B. Obv. of 821, 822.
Legends 6/C.
Legends 10/C.
Legends 7/A.
838, 919 (year 4).
Dies of 829. Obv. of 838, 919 (year
4).
Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder

831. 19/NL9
4.82
12
832. 19/NL9
4.02
12

817.
Commodus
43
Rev. Nike advancing r., wreath in r., palm in 1.

833. 27/NR1
4.63
12
Legends 1/D. Obv. of Weiser 205

(rev. Mt. Argaeus with Helios).
A, COS INI,A.D. 183-185

Rev. Mount Argaeus surmountedby star.
834. 2/A51
835. 11IA2
4.15
4.79
12
12
836. /A52
4.30
12
837. 72/A53
4.57
10
*838. 26/A54
4.21
12
4.48
4.25
4.26
4.50
10
12
11
12
843. 301A58
4.32
12
844. 30/A59
845. 311A60
4.27
4.38
12
846. 321A61
4.71
12
847. 32/A62
4.50
12
848. 32/A63
4.16
849. 33/A63
4.85
12
850. 33/A64
851. 34/A65
4.61
4.78
1
12
839.
840.
841.
842.
28/A55
28/A56
29/A57
29/A58
Legends 9/C. Obv. of 796 (no date).

Legends 7/C. Obv. of 808, 820 (year
3); 836, 837.
Dies of 835. Obv. of 808, 820 (year
3); 835, 837.
Legends 7/G. Obv. of 808, 820 (year
3); 835, 836.
Legends 7/C. Obv. die of 829, 830
(year 3); 919.
Legends 8/A. Obv. of 840, 920.
843.
of 842.
Legends 7/C. Obv. of 921. Obv. of
Weiser 230.
Legends 13/C. Obv. of 847, 848,
922-24.
922-24.
922-24. Rev. of 849.
848.
44
852.
853.
*854.
855.
856.
857.
858.
Hoard Catalogue
35/A66
35/A67
35/A68
36/A69
37/A70
37/A71
37/A72
4.42
4.42
4.24
4.33
4.67
4.49
4.48
12
859. 37/A72
*860. 37/A73
4.14
4.33
12
12
38/A73
39/A74
40/A75
41/A76
41/A77
42/A78
43/A79
44/A80
45/A81
45/A81
45/A81
45/A81
46/A82
4.51
4.37
4.62
4.66
4.31
4.07
4.39
4.48
4.68
4.57
4.54
4.38
4.45
12
11
12
12
12
11
11
11
12
874. 46/A82
4.30
875. 46/A83
4.27
12
876.
877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
882.
883.
4.37
4.50
4.66
4.66
4.30
4.39
4.34
4.64
12
11
12
12
11
861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
47/A84
48/A85
48/A86
48/A87
48/A88
49/A89
50/A90
51/A91
11
12
12
1
11
12
12

Legends 14/C.
Legends 15/C. Obv. of 857-60.
Legends 15/C. Obv. of 856, 858-60.
856, 857, 860. Dies of Weiser 237,
238.
Dies of 858. Obv. of 856, 857, 860.
Legends 15/C. Obv. of 856-59. Rev.
of 861. Dies of Weiser 239.
Legends 11/C.
Legends 8/C.
Legends 8/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 8/C.
Legends 13/C. Dies of 870-72.
Dies of 869, 871, 872.
Dies of 869, 870, 872.
Dies of 869-71.
875. Obv. of Weiser 252, 253.
Dies of 873. Obv. of 875. Obv. of
Weiser 252, 253.
Obv. of Weiser 252, 253.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C. Obv. of 877, 879, 880.
Legends 13/C. Obv. of 877, 878, 880.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Commodus
884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893.
894.
895.
896.
897.
*898.
899.
52/A91
53/A92
54/A93
55/A94
56/A95
57/A96
58/A97
59/A98
60/A99
61/A100
62/A101
63/A102
64/A103
65/A104
65/A105
66/A106
4.33
4.26
4.58
4.45
4.51
4.66
4.34
4.18
4.47
4.35
4.50
4.28
4.19
4.45
4.36
4.36
12
900.
*901.
902.
903.
904.
905.
66/A106
67/A107
67/A107
67/A107
68/A108
69/A108
4.25
4.71
4.47
4.29
4.22
4.74
906. 69/A109
4.31
907. 70/A109
4.25
11
908. 70/A110
4.34
11
909. 70/A110
4.32
12
910. 7 1/A 111
4.61
911. 71/Al11
912. 72/A112
*913. 73/A113
4.39
4.39
4.18
12
12
12
12
5
11
2
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
6
11
12
45

Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 13/C.
Legends 12/C. Dies of 900. Dies of
Weiser 240, 241.
Dies of 899. Dies of Weiser240, 241.
Legends 12/C. Dies of 902, 903.
Dies of 901, 903.
Dies of 901, 902.
904.
907.
of 906.
907. Dies of Weiser 231.
Dies of 908. Obv. of 907. Dies of
Weiser 231.
Legends 9/C. Dies of 911. Obv. die
of Weiser 242.
Dies of 910. Obv. of Weiser 242.
Legends 9/C.
Legends 13/C.
46
Hoard Catalogue
*914.
*915.
*916.
917.
74/A114
75/A115
76/A116
77/A117
4.53
4.07
4.42
4.24
12
12
11
11
Legends 17/C.
Legends 9/C.
Legends 8/C.
Legends 11/C. Obv. of Weiser 236.
Rev. Nike advancing 1., wreath in r., palm in 1.

*918. 30/NL1O 4.41
12
Rev. Nike advancing r. on globe, wreath in r., palm in 1.

1 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 829, 830 (year
919. 26/NG1 4.42
3); 838.
12 Legends 8/D. Obv. of 839, 840.
920. 28/NG2
4.48
6
921. 3//NG3 4.47
Legends 7/D. Obv. of 845.
922. 32/NG4 4.50
12 Legends 13/C. Dies of923, 924. Obv.
of 846-48.
12 Dies of 922, 924. Obv. of 846-48.
923. 32/NG4 4.50
4.41
1 Dies of 922, 923. Obv. of 846-48.
924. 32/NG4
4.47
1 Legends 7/C. Obv. of 851.
925. 341NG5
12 Legends 8/C.
926. 78/NG6 4.31
12 Legends 8/C.
927. 79/NG7 4.40
1 Legends 7/C.
928. 80/NG8 4.21
12 Legends 9/C. Obv. of 930. Dies of
929. 81/NG9 4.30
Weiser 235.
1
4.20
930. 81/NG10
12 Legends 9/F.
931. 82/NG11 4.39
DENARIUS OF DOMITIAN, A.D. 81-96
Obv. IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P V. Head laureate r.
Rev. IMP VilliCOS XI CENS POT P P. Minervastanding1., thunderboltin r., spear in 1., shield behind ("Minerva type 3").
6
Not listed in standardreferences;see
932.
3.24
I. Carradice,Coinageand Finances in
the Reign of Domitian A.D. 81-96,
BAR
International Series 178
(Oxford, 1983), p. 28.
ON REIGNS
COMMENTARY

The Vespasianic coinage is representedin the hoard by 52 coins
struckfromat least 39 obversedies and 47 reversedies. The lot recorded by Weiser adds only two specimensto this total, both apparently
fromother dies.1
The hoard suggeststhat the didrachmtype with head of Titus r.
(1-26, conspectus4) was struckin greatestquantity,followedby Nike
flyingr. (27-40, 1). Only two specimens of the type with Nike
on elongated base (41-42, 2) occur, which may indicate that it is no
morethan a variant. The Titus and Nike typesare die linked(obv. 2.
linking1 and 27, obv. 17 linking25, 28, and 29), and the styleof coins
of the variant Nike reverseis so similarthat commonoriginis not in
question.
This undated series is joined by a pair of didrachmsdated year 9,
77/8,which portrayTitus standing in militarydress and Domitian
standingtogate (43-46, 5, and 47-52, 6). The numberof coins of each
dated type in the hoard is so small that no die links between them
should be expected,and none are known; unfortunately,
they cannot
be
linked
to
the
undated
series.
But
yet
stylisticparallelismgives us
good reason to suspect that the undated coinage belongsin 77/8,and
that thiswas the onlyyearof issue of didrachmsunderVespasian. The
Mt. Argaeus type, 3, is absent fromthe hoard.
In additionto the didrachms- whichseem to have constitutedthe
majorcoinageofthe mintunderVespasian - two otherdenominations
werestruck,drachmsand hemidrachms.The earliestcoinageconsisted
ofdrachmsof years6 (74/5)and 7 (75/6),7 and 8. An undateddrachm
ofVespasian,9, echoesthe didrachmwithNike,and is paralleledby an
1 Following
theformula
ofGilesF. Carter,
usedhereandthroughout,
12327
obverses
wereusedonVespasian's
didrachms
and356 132reverses.
Theseprojectionsare onlyslightly
affected
by theadditionofcoinsfromWeiser'slot.
47
48
Commentary on Reigns
issue in the name of Titus, 10. A type peculiarto Domitian,11, completesthe undatedseries. These are accompaniedby drachmsduplicatingeach ofthe dated didrachms,12 and 13. Issues in the name ofthe
Caesars are also knownforthe ninthyear,14 and 15. The small group
of hemidrachms,consistingof Mt. Argaeusand two Nike types(one of
themsimilarto the didrachm2 and the drachm9) is entirelyundated,
but the parallel of the Nike coins may suggestcontemporaneity
with
the didrachmwhich we have placed in 77/8.
In contrastto otherFlavian provincialmints,Caesarea began to coin
relativelylate in Vespasian's reign. The evidence of the Caesarea
hoardshowsthat the issue of didrachmswas farlargerthan in previous
reignsand thisforeshadowsthe emergenceofthat denominationas the
principalone struckforthe province. "For" ratherthan "in" the province,however,since carefulexaminationshowsthat thereis not simply one amorphouswhole but two distinctgroupingswhich have in
common only their types.
The two groupsare distinguishedby a combinationof stylisticand
technicalfeaturesthat, taken togetherwith the absence of die links
betweenthem,are conclusivefordiscretemintage. The Roman style
resemblesin broad outline the contemporarydenarial issues of the
capital: the featuresof Vespasian are realistic,the bust is broad and
the top of the head flattened;the neck and truncationare large and
heavy. The provincialstyleis comparableto that of the easterndenarii and cistophorias well as contemporarybronzesfromCaesarea: the
top of the head is moreroundedand the facial featuresmorecarefully
articulated. The Roman issues are generallyon broaderflansand are
more neatly struck,but the easiest means of distinguishingthe two
groups is the objective criterionof die axis. The Roman issues are
uniformlyorientedat 6:00, like coins of the capital, while those of
2
provincialstyle are at 12:00. These differences,most dramatically
evidentin the didrachmcoinage (except, curiously,forMt. Argaeus,3,
whichis knownonlyin Roman style),can also be tracedin the smaller
denominations.
2 Thesedistinctions
of
to myattention
werefirst
byDr. I. A. Carradice
brought
and
seeI. Carradice
whohasalsonowalludedtotheminprint:
theBritish
Museum,
in the
BronzeCoinsforCirculation
ofRomanImperial
M. Cowell,"TheMinting
to Trajan,"NC 147(1987),pp.26-50,at p.43.
East: Vespasian
49
Vespasian
The simultaneousproductionof two groups,similarin theirselection

of types but different
in virtuallyevery other way, is conclusivefor
separateoriginofthe dies,and the absence oflinkageindicatesthat the
dies werenot used at the same place. The styleof the one seriespoints
directlyto Rome, that of the other to Caesarea. The productionof
Cappadocian coinage elsewhere than at Caesarea itself, heretofore
unsuspected,is firstencounteredunderVespasian; it becomes a recurrentconcernin the late firstand second centuriesand will be discussed
in detail as the evidence demands.3
No doubt as a resultoftheirage at the timeof deposit,the Vespasianic didrachmsfall shortof the mean weightcalculated by Walker for
comparablematerialin museumcollections. Nonethelessthe coinspresent a self-consistent
pictureand suggestthat the nominal Cappadocian drachm was equal by weightto the denarius.
Analysis of 52 Coins of Vespasian
N = 52; mean wt. = 6.404 g; S.D. = 0.281
Weightsas a Percentageof Alt Coins
-
35%
30% -
15
14
25% 20% 15% -
10% -
5% _
0% |_|
< 6.00
|_|
6.00
|_|
6.20
|_|
6.40
|_J
6.60
|_|
6.80
3 ForDomitian,
seebelow,pp.51-52;forTrajan,pp.56,58-60;forMarcus
and
Verus,p. 71; fora possible
explanation,
pp.83-90.
50
TITUS, A.D. 79-81
The coinageofTitus's reignis limitedto a singlehemidrachmtype

(conspectus19, none representedin the hoard) virtuallyindistinguishable fromthat of his father,17. In general the provincialsilver of
Titus shows no signs of innovativeness,4and it mightoccasion some
surprisethat he coined at all at Caesarea, since his reignfalls in the
long hiatus betweenthe substantialyear 9 issues of Vespasian, A.D.
77/8,and those of Domitian's year 13, 92/3. The absence of his coins
fromthisCaesarea hoard as well as fromBaldwin's hoard and Weiser's
Cappadocian find,both of whichmighthave been expectedto include
them, suggestsa very small issue.
The coinage of Domitian is the most compact of all the Caesarean
it displaysa completeuniformity
of style.
issues,and, not surprisingly,
In contrastto the coinage of Vespasian, virtutallythe whole Domitianiccoinagecan be shown,on the basis of die links,to be the product
of a single mint. The hoard coins display significantlinks.
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
19:
21:
coin 63, "Apollo," with 66-68, Athena.

64, Athena, with 98, club, and 129, Nike.
69, Athena, with 133, Nike.
62, Mt. Argaeus, with 72 and 73, Athena, and 131, Nike.
74, Athena, with 119, club.
75-77, Athena, with 148, Nike.
79 and 80, Athena, with 101, club.
82 and 83, Athena, with 103 and 104, club.
4 Theonlyexception
inanyof
notrecorded
withCAPIT
is thecistophorus
RESTIT,
and
intheBritish
Museum
Therearespecimens
references.
thestandard
(1948-7-4)
thecoinas theresultofthe
Bern(5979).A. M. Woodward
regarded
unjustifiably
forwhomthetypeis
dieofTitusintothereignofDomitian,
ofan obverse
survival
Seriesand Its Place in theRomanCoinage"in
common.See "The Cistophoric
Presented
to
andC. H. V. Sutherland,
R. A. G.Carson
eds.,EssaysinRoman
Coinage
3.
149-73
at
and
HaroldMattingly
157,
8,
1956),pp.
pl.
(Oxford,
Domitian
51
Die 32: 107, club, with 122, quadriga.

Die 43: 127 and 128, quadriga with 149, Nike.
Of these, the two most importantlinks are those provided by die 15
whichassociates Mt. Argaeus (and therebyCaesarea) with the Athena
and Nike reserves,and dies 32 and 43 whichattach the dateless quadriga reverseto club and Nike and therebyto the remainderof the
dated series. Of all the didrachmtypesknownforDomitian,the hoard
lacks onlythe reversewithbust of Domitia (27) and the two raretypes
- Athenaand Nike (28 and 29) - whichbear the obverseofDomitian
and Domitia facingone another.5The Domitia reversehas now been
linked,throughthe Woodwardcoins,to the restof the series,so its date
too is confirmed;
and it is simplya matterof time beforedie linksare
discoveredto tie the double-bustcoins to the remainderof the series.
As we have seen, the coinage of Vespasian breaks into two groups,
Roman and provincial,the formercharacterizedby a 6:00 die axis and
the latterby the 12:00 traditionalaxis at Caesarea. The die axis ofthe
Domitianic coinage is uniformly6:00, a reversalof the 12:00 whichis
invariableat Caesarea up to Vespasian and whichcontinuesto characterizehis coins of provincialstyle. In additionthe Cappadocian coins
of Domitian are of extremelyfineworkmanship.In the adornmentof
the bust (laurel wreath),the plasticityofthe engraving,and the consistent adherenceto a singleportraitmodel the coins are stronglyreminiscentof Roman denarii; the flans are more neatly struckand the
weightsare more regularthan those heretoforeobservedat Caesarea.
We should stronglysuspect a Roman originfor the whole coinage.6
5 It is ofcoursearguable
thattherarity
ofsuchcoinsledtotheirextraction
from
thehoardbefore
a recordcouldbe madeofitscontents.
A singleexampleof29
cameto lightlate in 1989(ANS 1989.118.1),
butthereis nothing
to suggest
its
association
withthehoard;otherwise
nonehaveappearedin thetradeliterature
since1980.
6 Other
- e.g.thelatecistophori
Domitianic
andthedrachms
provincial
coinages
ofLycia- alsoresemble
thecoinsofRome,andWalker
3, p. 120)may
(Metrology
havehad themin mindwhenhe wrote:"The didrachms
struckat Caesareain
in 93/94areso closein theirstyleofportraiture
to that
Cappadocia
byDomitian
used
at
Rome
that
it is impossible
to imagine
otherthanthatthe
being
anything
diesaretheproduct
ofthesameworkshop.
Thereare,ofcourse,
otherexamples
of
eastern
which
areverycloseinstyletothemintofRome,butthisis oneof
coinages
themostconvincing."
Commentaryon Reigns
52
The copper coinage (e.g. SNGCopCyprus195) is probablynot relevant. It continuesto be orientedat 12:00 but the styleis so unlikethat
of the Cappadocian silverthat this evidencecan onlysupportdifferent
strikingauthorities- whetherseparated in space or not it is impossible to tell.
In 98 coins,thereare 50 (or 51) obversedies and 51 (or 52) reverse
dies. Using the lowerfiguresforthe dies, the projectedoriginaltotals
are 83 8 obversesand 86 8 reverses.The weightsof the coins are
somewhatmore regularthan those observed for Vespasian, and the
hoard coins more closely approach the mean weight calculated by
Walker.7
Analysis of 98 Coins of Domitian
N = 98; mean wt. = 6.521 g.; S.D. = 0.211
Weightsas a Percentageof All Coins
50%
40% -
37
30% -
25
21
20% 10% '0% - '

< 6.00
9
5
6.00
6.20
6.40
6.60
6.80
7 Walker1,pp.127-28.He calculates
itto6.72(N
a meanof6.65g andcorrects
73). His analysisof 19 coinsgivesa meanof 67.34percent
silverforthe
2.26g ofsilver.
drachm
hencea theoretical
didrachm,
containing
Nerva
53
NERVA, A.D. 96-98

Nerva's silver coinage for Cappadocia consisted entirely of
didrachms. Only ten of these are knownfromthe hoard,but theyare
sufficientlyrepresentativeto indicate the problems posed by his
coinage. The coinage may be summarizedas follows:
Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC, die axis variable
A.D. 96
31, OMON CTPAT, and 32, TYXH CEBACTOY
A.D. 97
YPATOY TPITOY, die axis 12: 33, club; 34, "Amazon"; 35,
Mt. Argaeus
Obv. TEPM: 36, club
Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YTTATT
-KPAT: 37a, EAEY AHMOY; 38a, OMON CTPAT; 39a,
TYXH CEBACTOY
-KPA: 37b, EAEY AHMOY; 38b, OMON CTPAT; 39b,
TYXH CEBACTOY
YTTATOYTPITOY, 40, Mt. Argaeus
A.D. 98
Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YTTATA, die
axis variable
41, EAEY AHMOY; 42, OMON CTPAT; 43, TYXH
CEBACTOY
Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC, die axis 12
YTTATOYTETAPTOY: 44, Mt. Argaeus; 45, club
Obv. AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC TEPM
YTTATOYTETAPTOY : 46, Mt. Argaeus; 47, club
54
Commentaryon Reigns
The coins of 96 bear onlythe typeswhichhave long been recognized

as derivingfromRoman prototypes.8On the coins of 97 and 98 these
two types,with the addition of EAEYAHMOY (libertaspublica), are
found only in association with obverse legends which include the
consular iterations;put another way, they are all accompanied by
reverselegends which describe the types, unfamiliarin Cappadocia,
and thereforerestrictthe imperialtitularyto the obverse. Conversely
the Mt. Argaeusand club types are knownonly withthe less detailed
obverselegendsand confinetheirreversecontentto the consulariteration. Were it not forthe curious40, which is a hybridpairingdies
bothof whichincludethe iteration,it would be easy to see two distinct
series here between which die links are not only unknown, but
impossible.
To some extentthis dichotomyis borne out by the die axes. Coins
with consularreverseand local types consistentlydisplay a 12:00 die
axis, while those with type-defining
legends show a predominanceof
6:00 over 12:00. The die axis of local bronze,is, as usual, 12:00, while
that currentat Rome is invariably6:00.
But all this is suggestive,no more;the case forparticipationof the
Roman mintin the coinageof Nerva is not nearlyas strongas that for
Vespasian and Domitian. There seems to be no consistentvariationin
style which would furthersupportdistinctoriginof the two groups:
while some obversesare definablycruderthan others,most,whether
to the point
theybear the consulariterationor not, are self-consistent
that one sometimeswonderswhetherrecuttingof legendsis a possibility. Throughoutthe coinage the bust of Nerva is tall and angular,his
foreheadformingan almost continuousline with the nose; the ties
ratherthan fallfromthe back of the wreath. Not even
protrudestiffly
the best dies approachthe vigorousportraiture
that can be observedon
productsof Rome.
ofthe available evidenceis that the
Probablythe best interpretation
legends vary only to accommodate the need to identifythe reverse
typesof the Roman group;the apparentvariationof die axis, whichis
in any case not absolute, can then be dismissedas coincidence. The
8 See, forexample,
and pp.55-56,
Sydenham,
pp.17-19,on typesin general,
oftypesis
notestohisnos.136-38;Walker,
the"copying"
2, p.82,where
Metrology
under
takenas a signthat"Clearly,
at thisperiod
at leastthemintis working
very
closecentral[i.e. Roman]control."
Trajan
55
relativelylarge output forNerva's brieffourthconsulship(January1

to 28, 98) is more readily explicable if the coins were produced in
Cappadocia, whereword of his death would not have penetratedfor
some time, ratherthan at Rome, where no doubt coins in his name
ceased to be produced immediately.
The small numberof coins of Nerva in the hoard precludesconstruction of a frequencytable, but the 10 pieces show a mean weightof
6.44 g witha standarddeviationof .294. This compareswithWalker's
sample of 18 coins, which showed a mean of 6.46 g and a standard
deviation of .38.9
TRAJAN, A.D. 98-117
Trajan's issues constitutethe largestprovincialcoinage of any mint,
otherthan Alexandria,up to his reigneven if,as here,we regardthe
thirdconsulshipissues commonlyassigned to Caesarea as productsof
other mints.10 If this is correct, the output of Caesarea during
Trajan's reignbreaks into two unequal parts, associated respectively
with his second and sixth consulships. Both of these may be further
bisected on the basis of titulary.
Technical and Metrological
Aspects
The coins of Caesarea generallydisplay great regularityof weight.

The frequencytables presentedhere are closely comparableto others
which incorporatenot only coins fromthe hoard but fromthe ANS
collection(which is mainlyfromBaldwin's hoard); both show a clear
peak forthe didrachms,both collectivelyand when brokendown by
issue, between6.61 and 6.80 g. In the overall frequencytable, 149 of
394 coins (37.8 percent) fall in this range. This correspondsto a
drachmof3.31-3.40, a weightvirtuallyidenticalto that ofthe theoretical denarius. The coins of this denominationfit neatly withinthis
range. There is no significantdifferencebetween the two major
chronologicalgroupings,nor betweencoins of COS VI withoutor with
APICTO).
The die axis is also regular. In the firstphase of the COS II issue the
die axis varies between6:00 and 12:00, withonly slightdeclensions;in
9 Walker,
2, pp.71-72.
Metrology
10S. 176-81and variants;
theattributions
are discussed
in Appendix
2.
56
Commentaryon Reigns
the second phase the axis is regularizedat 6:00. Each phase is representedby a singlecase of die duplication(165 and 166, 172 and 173).
In each case the dies are identicallyoriented,which may suggesta
systemof fixingthe dies in an absolute relationshipto one another.
The larger COS VI issue uniformlydisplays 6:00, with occasional
die identideviationto 7:00. There are fiftycases of obverse/reverse
ties: in 40 cases a pair of duplicates,in 9 a set oftriplicates,and one set
ofquadruplicates. Exact identityof die orientationis the generalrule,
but among the pairs are seven exceptions,among the triplicatesone,
and the set of four includes three oriented at 7:00, one at 6:00.
Because ofthe dispersalofthe coinsit is no longerpossibleto checkthe
apparentexceptions;but whetheror not the relationshipof the dies to
one anotherwas fixedabsolutely,it is obvious that some systemwas
employednot onlyto insuretheirverticalpairing,but to insurethat it
was focused on a 6:00 die axis.
in style
Gross already drew attentionto the conspicuousdifference
betweenthe COS II and the COS VI issues of Trajan.11 Apart fromthe
fact that the later issue incorporatesobverse bust treatmentsintroduced only with Trajan's decennalia and derivingfrom them, the
earlierissue is clearlyof local style,the laterof Roman style. This is a
point to which we shall returnin another context.
COS II, 98-99
The early coinage of Trajan breaks into two groups which were
sorted out correctly,albeit implicitly,by Sydenham. With a single
- the firstgroup,like
exception- the extemelyrarehemidrachm62
the coinageof Nerva, consistsexclusivelyof didrachms.As frequently
occursat the beginningofa reignwhenthe featuresofthe new emperor
are not well known,the portraitof Trajan is assimilatedto that of his
predecessor;and the obverse legend,AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC
CEBAC TEPM,is slightlyfullerthan that of the immediatelysubsequent issue (S. 158, in the BritishMuseum,has been misreadby SydenAEVT,is accompaniedby the familiar
ham). The reverselegend,VTTAT
Mt. Argaeus(161-64, 50a-b) and club (169 and 170, 52), drawnfrom
11W.H. Gross,
11.2(Berlin,
Herrscherbild
Traians
Bildnisse
1940),
, Das rmische
p.25.
Trajan
57
the Caesarean prototypes;and a beardedand armedmale figure,presumably Mars, standingfacing(167 and 168, 51a-b). The figurehas no
clear antecedentin eitherRoman or Caesarean coinage,and the immediate referenceof the type is unclear.
The secondgrouphas the obverselegendAYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC
CEB TEPMand the reverseAHM EE YTTATB ; mentionof the tribunicia
potestasand iterationof the consulshipis a standardfeatureof subsequent Caesarean reverses. This group has an associated coinage of
drachms. Now thereare at least five,and possiblysix reversetypes:
Mt. Argaeus, club, Tyche, and Eleutheria are carried over fromthe
previousgroup, and die links associate them, as follows:
Obu. 7: 171, 55a, Mt. Argaeus; 189, 53, Tyche
Obv. 13: 179, 55a, Mt. Argaeus; 182, 54a, Eleutheria
Obv. 20: 191, 53, Tyche; 193, 57, club
In view ofthe identityof formatand the antecedentat Caesarea, there
is no difficultyin adding clasped hands (56) to these in spite of the
absence of a die link. A sixthtype,"Hera," thoughit appears here in
the conspectusas 58, is moreproblematical. Its obverselegendis identical to that of the five othertypes, but the reversevaries in having
AHMAPX for AHM. The type is without parallel in the coinage of
Caesarea or elsewhere. No die links have been found in a cursory
serarchof sources outside the hoard. The sole evidence linkingit to
Caesarea is its occurrencein the Caesarea hoard.
COS VI, 112-116
, 202-456
Trajan Not Yet Optimus
With issues dated COS VI the canon of five reversetypes is continued,and thereare also fivemajor obversetypes,all of themknown
with all reversevarieties. There is extensivelinkageof obverses,but
only within single reverse types; reverse dies, however, often link
obversesof different
types. It is possible to imagine a large officina
scheme based on reversetypes, with the obverses peculiar to their
workshopof origin;in factthe evidenceforsuch a schemehereis much
betterthan forany comparablyearlyperiodat the mintof Rome itself.
In spite of the absence of obversedie links,the contemporaneity
of
all the non-pt<jTC
issues is arguable fromthe parallelism of their
58
obversebust treatments,whichincludefivevariants:bust withdraped

1. shoulder,bust with draped 1. shoulder and aegis, bust with full
draperyand seen frombehind,the same withglobe beneath,and bust
draped and cuirassed and seen frombehind. In the catalogue these
types are arrangedin approximate order of increasingcomplexity.
There is one curious technical point which emerges immediately
fromthe plates. The die axes show that the club is to be viewed with
handleat the bottom,an inversionofthe orientationofthe typethat is
usual underearlierrulersand documented,ifnot dominant,in the first
issue ofTrajan.12 This has the corollarythat the reverselegend(ifread
in Roman fashion,with the iterationof the tribunicianpower precedingthat of the consulship)beginsat 1:00 instead of the usual 7:00.
Taken by itselfthe change can hardlybe meaningful;it merelyreflects
the hiatus betweenthe earlyand late Caesarean coins of Trajan, which
mighthave led to misunderstandingof the type.
Surely the most remarkablefeature of this issue is its inclusion,
unknownbeforethis hoard, of 444-46, 68, whichshare a Latin legend
obversedie. Since the publicationof these coins othershave come to
light,and a drachmis now known as well, 79. Althoughhere it was
used to strikea coin of somewhatlargermodule,therecan be no doubt
that this die was manufacturedalongsideothersintendedforaurei and
denarii. Its bust treatmentand its legend are exactly those in use at
Rome, and in its style and epigraphyit duplicates, virtually linefor-line,obversesused therefordenariiand aurei. The implicationsof
this unprecedentedlink will be explored below.
Trajan Optimus, Not Yet Parthicus, 457-509
The last issue of Trajan reflectshis assumptionof the titleof giaro
( optimus
) in August 114.13 The numberof reversetypes remains at
12In thefirst
to besurewhichwaytheclubis tobeviewed;
issueitis impossible
ofthelegend
aroundtheflan
butthereI havebeenguidedbytheusualorientation
from7:00.
13Forthedatesee T. Frankfort,
de chronologie/*
recherche
"TrajanOptimus:
of the titlebetween
20 (1957),pp.333-34. He placestheassumption
Latomus
theepithet
doesnotseemto
10andSeptember
1,114. Forwhatitis worth,
August
28,
29,113-August
(August
appearon thecoinsofTrajan'syear17at Alexandria
114).
Trajan
59
five, but the clasped hands previouslyknown with OMON CTPAT

replaces the Tyche which had appeared on the two earlier series of
Trajan. The substitutionmay reflectthe militarytenor of Trajan's
eastern operations duringthe later years of his reign but, like the
coinage of Arabia, that of Caesarea omits the epithet Parthicus
awarded February20, 116, and it is fairto conclude that the coinage
came to an end beforethat date.
The single die shared with the pre-optimuscoinage, A21 (231 with
463 and 464) suggeststhe continuityof the issue withthat lackingthe
epithet.14Like the previousissues,individualreversetypesare closely
die linked internally,but there is no sharingof obverse dies among
types.
The simplestexplanationofthisphenomenonwould be the existence
of a kind of officinasystembased on obverse types, but as Table 3
showsthe hoard totals of coins of the individualobversetypes do not
supportsuch an arrangement.On the otherhand ifthe tables are read
across - i.e. by reversetype - the totals are in reasonable conformity. If this is a correctreading of the system in operation,it is
to observethat the lone Latin obversedie takes its natural
interesting
place in the Mt. Argaeusseries. In the idea of subdividingthe workof
the mint for Cappadocia these Trajanic issues anticipate in concept,
thoughnot in execution,the coinage of Marcus Aureliusand Lucius
Verus which,it is argued below, is likely to have been produced at
Rome. If indeedan officinasystemwas employed,the patternwas one
oftenposited forRome itselfin the firstand early second centuries.15
The argumentsforRoman originof the last issues of Trajan have to
be countedratherthan weighed. The subdivisionof labor,taken on its
own,would be no morethan suggestive. The Latin legendobversedie,
whichtakes its place in the Cappadocian systemof labor as well as its
14Thisseemsto be oneofthepointsmade A. Kunisz,"Srebrne
mennictwo
by
Cezareikapadockiej
za panowania
naukowe
Trajana(98-117),"Zeszyty
uniwersytetu
inPracehistoryczne
z. 70(1981),pp.39-60,whichhas
613,abstract
Jagiellonskiego
beenaccessible
to me onlythrough
theEnglishabstract.
15For thereignof Domitian,
at anyrate,thereverse
typeseemsthekeyto
ofan officina,
see I. Carradice,
recognition
CoinageandFinancesin theReignof
Domitian
A.D. 81-96, BAR International
Series178(Oxford,
1983),pp.145-47.It
is notpossible,
totracethisorganization
backward
toTitusorforward
to
however,
Nerva.
60
Commentaryon Reigns
canon of types, must have been producedat Rome (we have no evidence forthe productionof denariior aurei in Cappadocia), and very
likelyit was used there(why ship a single die to the province?). In
support of Roman origin for the Trajanic series - in addition, of
course,to the Latin obversedie itself- is the peculiarformof rendering Mt. Argaeus,alreadyremarkedby Sydenham,whichmightsuggest
die makerswho were not familiarwith the model.16For the moment
the case remains highlyprobable; when a die link to a denarius or
aureus of indisputablyRoman originappears it will be conclusive.
Analysis of 348 Coins of Trajan
1. 41 Coins of COS II
N = 41; mean wt. = 6.611 g.; S.D. = 0.196
50%
16
40% -
16
30% 20% 4
,0% 0%
2
0
< 6.00
-1
6.00
LJ
1
6.20
I
1
6.40
6.60
6.80
7.00
16Sydenham,
Berg
Dagi- Heiliger
p. 19. See alsoP. Weiss,"Argaios/Erciyas
35
und
JNG
Monumente
(1985),pp.21-48,where
Ikonographie,"
Kappadokiens
coniMostoftheseareprincipally
invarious
mediaarecatalogued.
representations
aloneshowitsurmounted
all ofthemountain
calinshape,andvirtually
bya figure
ofHeliosor by a star.
61
Trajan
2. 307 COS VI Coins

N = 307; mean wt. = 6.693 g.; S.D. = 0.213
50%
109
~~
40% 30% -
63
r~i
.
< 6.00
6.00
mu
6.20
6.40
54
6.60
6.80
7.00
7.20
254 coins withoutAPICT

53 coins withAPICT
3a. Reverse and Obverse Types of Late Didrachms, 112-114

BusiLaureale: dr.I.should.dr.I.should.,dr.seen
fromdr.cuir,
seen dr.seen
from
behind
from
behind behind,
aegis
globe
below
Reo.
Type
Club
43 63a
10 63b
4 63c
9 63d
5 63e
15
Artemis
14 64b
5 64c
20 64d
1 64
17
(?) 57 64a
50 65a
4 65b
7 65c
32 65d
4 65
3
Apollo
64 66a
12 66b
9 66c
18 66d
1 66
24
Tyche
Mt.Argaeus41 67a
3 67b
11 67c
14 68(Lat.obv.)
3 67d
10
62
3b. COS VI, Optimus, 114-
:
dr.1.should.dr.1.should.dr.seen
fromcuir.
Bust
Laureate
behind
aegis
Rev.
Type
3 73b
3
8 73a
Club
2 74b
1 74d
3 74c
Artemis 12 74a
1 75b
11 75a
1
75c
Apollo
8
76b
3
Mt.Argaeus11 76a
77a
0 77b
6 77c
hands7
Clasped
a Head
r.
laur.
dr.cuir.
73c
2 74e
3 75d
76c*
1
2
4
6
0
HADRIAN, 117-138
The didrachm seems to continue as the principal denomination
duringHadrian's reign,even thoughit is sparselyrepresentedin this
hoard. A crude means of illustratingthe decline fromthe reign of
Trajan is to note that the eighteenspecimenscome to an average of
less than one per year, comparedto nearlyeighteenper year forTrajan, but the infrequencyof die links suggeststhat the sample is not
thereis littleagainstwhichto comnearlyso complete. Unfortunately
pare this assemblage,since Baldwin's hoard was closed too earlyto be
of use.
The reignof Hadrian is notoriouslydevoid of chronologicalmarkers
apart fromthe assumptionof the title paterpatriae in 128, and that
providesthe only clue to the separationof the two didrachmgroups
here. At a guess, however,the early coins lackingthe title belong to
the earliest part of the reign. The new emperorhere, as elsewhere,
recalled his adoptive fatherthroughthe lengthierlegend AYT KAIC
TPAIANAAPIANOC CEB. The later coinage,reflectingHadrian's new
titulary,shortensthe obverse legend to AAPIANOC CEBACTOC, a
simpletranslationofthe HADRIANVSAVGVSTVS[P P] legendin use at
Rome from128 to ca. 132 on most chronologies.
The didrachmsof Hadrian, at least as representedin the Caesarea
hoard,are of littletypologicalinterest.There are threevarietiesof Mt.
Argaeus. That struckbefore128 (510 and 511, 89) is accompaniedby a
drachm(90) and shows the familiarfigureof Helios atop the mountain. The type was also producedafter128 (512-16, 91-92) alongside
Hadrian
63
varietieswithstar and crescent(93), star (517 and 518, 94), threestars

(519-25, 95), and a curioustypewithwreath(96). No obversedie links
are knownamong the types,thoughthereis no reason why such links
should not eventuallyappear. The late didrachmsalso include two
club reverses,withshorter(97) and longer(98-100) legendsaccompanied by star or star and crescent. The final type shows a youthful
figurewith club.
Drachmswerestruckin quantityforthe firsttime since the reignof
Vespasian and are representedin significantnumbers in the finds.
AfterHadrian the drachmwas abandoned untilthe Sevean age. The
single type, both beforeand after 128, is Mt. Argaeus.
A more characteristicallyHadrianic denomination is the hemidrachm,whichis abundantlyrepresentedboth in the findsand in the
trade. Its threetypes- Mt. Argaeus(83), club (84), and Nike (85 and
86) - all have precedentat the mint,and the issue formsa compact
groupstruckin Hadrian's years 3 and 4 (120/1,121/2). Two undated
Nike types(87 and 88) no doubt belongto the same period. The postHadrianic abandonmentof the hemidrachmwas permanent.
As usual the minthas attractedvarious furtherattributionsof questionable soundness. Lbbecke and others attributed to the mint a
tridrachm(109) which bears typical Caesarean legends and portrays
Tyche in a temple. It is clear fromtheir placement in Sydenham's
catalogue that he regardedthis as the largestdenominationof a series
which included a didrachm of the same type (110) as well as a
set withTyche seated on the reverse(111 and 112).
didrachm/drachm
The coins are entirelyabsent fromthe finds. The Tyche reversehas
precedentat Casearea, but its occurrenceherehardlycompelsthe attributionin view ofthe factthat,apart fromthisgrouping,the tridrachm
is otherwiselackingin the Hadrainic coinage. (In fact,on the modern
thiswould be the firstoccurrenceofthe denominationat
interpretation
the mint.) Similarly the drachm with eagle facing head 1. (113),
assignedto Caesarea in BMCGalatia , is lackingfromthe findsand has
not even a typologicalprecedentin favorof its ascriptionto Caesarea.
These coins - all of which are very rare - are included in the Conspectuswithgreatreluctanceand pendingfurtherhoard evidence,but
it must also be admitted that there is no attractive alternative to
Caesarea.
In additionto these coins thereis a groupof problempieces (103-5)
anomalous to allow theirofficialoriginto be questhat are sufficiently
64
tioned. The legends of these coins present the imperial name as

CEBACTOC AARIANOC ratherthan the normalAARIANOC CEBACTOC, and the busts face left ratherthan right;it is as if the whole
formatof the obverse is simply reversed. These coins, which were
knownto Sydenhamand whichare not uncommonin collections,have
surfacedonly recently,in the Eki find.17
The weightstandardis maintainedand, ifthe limitedsample is anythingto go by, slightlyimprovedover the reignof Trajan. The frequency peak remainsin the range 6.61-6.80, and the mean of 6.62 is
comparableto that of Trajan, but the standarddeviationof .114 indicates a more rigidadherenceto standard. Die axes continueat 6:00.
Analysis of 18 coins of Hadrian
N = 18; mean wt. = 6.618 g.; S.D. = 0.114
30%
25% -
20% 15% 10% 5%

0%
< 6.00 6.10 6.20
0
6.30
0
U
U
U
6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 >6.80
17See 103-5.
65

The coinage of Antoninusbegins with an undated didrachmwith
Eusebeia reverse (116), accompanied by a drachm with Pronoia
reverse(117). It is temptingto see in the firsta simultaneousallusion
to the city's firstimperialname and to the pietas of the new ruler,
whilethe second is doubtlessa referenceto Hadrian's provisionforthe
succession,firstfrustratedby the death of Aelius Caesar but finally
justifiedin Antoninus'sown accession. The celebratorycharacterof
these two coins is confirmedby theiroriginalityof type and by the
immediate reversion,in 139, to the standard Mt. Argaeus motif
(118-28), whichis the sole one employedduringthe second and third
consulships.
The small numbersand the presence of die linkage in the hoard
mightseem to suggesta small coinage forAntonius,but this may be
accidental. Few die links have been observed in a largersample of
materialgatheredfrommoderncollections,and the Eki hoard,with55
specimensand no evidence of intimatedie linkage,could be used to
argue the oppositecase. Moreovertheresurviveconsiderablenumbers
of copper "didrachms,"which can hardlybe regardedas official;the
coinage was thereforeabundant enough to inspireimitationsin antiquity.18Until a completedie study is undertaken,incorporatingthe
Eki material,it will be impossibleto forman accurate estimateof the
volume of Antonineissues.
There are not enough specimens to permit constructionof a
meaningfulfrequencytable. The fivecoins in the hoard show a mean
weightof 6.54 g with a relativelyhigh standard deviation of .392.
MARCUS AURELIUS AND LUCIUS VERUS, A.D. 161-169
Die linksbetweencoinsofAureliusand Verusare impossiblebecause
the reversesfollowthe chronologyof the individualemperors,but it is
18Eki,pp.79-84,717-71.Theillustration
isselective
andtheplatesarenotclear
to permit
confident
ofthedies. Fortheimitations
seeSydenham,
enough
reading
severalotherexamples.
p.80,319. The ANS possesses
66
Commentaryon Reigns
certainthat the two coinageswere struckalongsideone another. This

is assured by the use of identical reverse types, which include Mt.
Argaeussurmountedeitherby a star or by Helios standing,and by a
very similar distributionof obverse types which link the two major
reversetypes togetherforeach emperor. Indeed in the case of Verus
the reverselinkageis so extensivethat it is difficult
to discernwhether
the obverseor the reversedies should be regardedas the control. For
conveniencein the catalogue the reversetypes,because theyrepresent
fewervarieties,are the principalbasis of classification.
Althoughthereis considerablevariationin detail,the reversetreatmentsare so consistentthroughout
that all of the dies mighthave been
the workof a singlehand. This impressionis confirmed
by the letter
formsand, exceptforthe dates,the reversesofMarcusare indistinguishable fromthoseof Verus. Here it is assumedthat the identityof hand
ante quem providedby
establishesidentityofdate,and thattheterminus
Lucius's thirdconsulshipin 167 applies forboth rulers.
What variation there is appears on the obverses,with eight bust
treatmentsforMarcus (i-viii), all appearingwith both reversetypes,
and six forVerus(i-vi), all but one foundwithboth reversetypes. The
variationin bust adornmentcan hardlybe called random,thoughthere
seems to have been no attemptto representall bust styles by equal
numbersof dies. In the use of so many varietiessimultaneouslythe
usage of Caesarea closelyresemblesthat of Rome. Mattinglyidentified
ten obverse bust styles at the opening of the reign of Marcus.19
Rome
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Head r.
Bust r., dr. 1. sh.
Bust r., dr.
Bust r., cuir.
Bust r., dr. cuir.
Cappadocia
Verus
Marcus
i
i
iii
iii
iv
v
v
vii
19Mattingly,
BMCRE 4, p. 385.
67

f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Head laur. r.
Bust laur. r., dr. 1. sh.
Bust laur. r., dr.
Bust laur. r., cuir.
Bust laur. r., dr. cuir.
ii
iv
ii
vi
viii
vi
OnlyMattingly'sc, withbust draped,head bare r., and h, bust laureate

draped r., are lacking forMarcus at Caesarea. In addition two busts
used for Marcus at Rome, b, bare r. with draped 1. shoulderand g,
laureate r. withdraped 1. shoulder(here iii and iv forMarcus) are not
used forVerus at eithermint.20The coincidenceis striking,if coincidence it be, for the broad stylisticsimilaritybetween the silver of
Caesarea and the gold and silver of Rome has already led Walker to
suggestthat Rome produced the dies for both coinages.21
A furthertechnicalpointmay or may not be coincidental. Counting
onlygold and silvercoinsofthe reignforwhichdie axes are recordedin
BMC and Hunter, plus those in the collectionof the ANS, the breakdown by axis is similar for Marcus, somewhat differentfor Verus.
Rome
Marcus
Verus
Total
6:00
190, 57.4%
162, 68.9
352, 61.8
12:00
141
73
218
Caesarea
Marcus
Verus
Total
88, 54.7%
48, 47.5
136, 51.9
73
53
126
20Mattingly
documents
the"b" bustforVerusbutonlywithaegis:BMCRE,
nos.32, 199,241.
21D. R. Walker,
uniform
consi2,p.83:"Thestyleisquiteremarkably
Metrology
thesizeofthecoinage,
which
consumed
somehundreds
ofobverse
dies,andis
dering
Romandies or die-cutters
were
verycloseto thatof Rome. Almostcertainly
undertaken
forthecampaign."
employed,
partoftheelaborate
preparations
68
forthe 6:00 die axis, and

In generaltermsbothseriesshowa preference
to be quite comforMarcusthe figuresshowthe measureof preference
parable. I have no way to explain the differencein the figuresfor
Verus, except to observe that the sample is seriouslyskewed by the
factthat the BritishMuseumand the HunterCabinet possess 21 coins
of Verus of 161, all reportedlywith 6:00 die axes.
The die linkageforboth Marcus and Verus is verycomplex. Of 161
coinsof Marcusin the hoard,68 (42.2 percent)are involvedin linkages
which cross eitherobverse or reversetypes.
Marcus
Obv. Die (Style)
1 (i)
1
116 (vii)
Rev. Die
Al
B1
B1
Cat.
533
613
686
2 (i)
2
A2
B2
534
613
3 (i)
3
A3
B3
535
614
4 (i)
4
A4
B4
536
615
5 (i)
20 (ii)
20
48 (vi)
6 (i)
7 (i)
21 (ii)
22 (ii)
A5
A5
A21
A21
537, 538
555
556
589
A6
A6
A6
A6
539
540
558
559
8 (i)
60 (vii)
9 (i)
9
A7
A7
541
604
A8
A9
542
543

51 (vi)
51
A9
A49
594
593
19 (ii)
19
A20
B16
554
629
33 (ii)
41 (iv)
41
41
A34
A34
B38
B39
572
580
656
657
34 (iii)
42 (iv)
42
34
A35
A35
A42
B33
573
581
582
650
44 (v)
44
49 (vi)
44
108 (vi)
A44
A45
A45
B42
B42
584
585
590
662
676, 677
45 (v)
45
A46
B43
586
663
46 (vi)
47 (vi)
61 (vii)
46
A47
A47
A47
B50
587
588
605, 606
670
50 (vi)
50
A48
B51
591, 592
671
66 (i)
76 (ii)
67 (i)
78 (ii)
121 (viii)
B5
B5
B7
B7
B7
616, 617
630
619
633
692
79 (ii)
117 (vii)
B19
B19
80 (ii)
94 (iii)
B20
B20
634
687, 688
635
652
69
70
Commentaryon Reigns
94
107 (vi)
107
107
106
II
93 (iii)
99 (iv)
B35
B35
B53
B52
B52
653
675
674
673
672
B34
B34
651
661
There is almost as high an incidenceof linkage forthe coinage of

Verus (40 of 101 coins = 39.6 percent).
Veras
Obv. Die (Style)
1 (i)
1
Rev. Die
Al
B1
Cat.
694, 695
742
A2
A2
B2
B2
B22
B23
B22
696
728
743
765, 766
767
768
790
3 (i)
3
30 (iv)
4 (i)
31 (iv)
5 (i)
22 (ii)
22
A3
B3
A3
697
744
729
A4
A4
698
730
A5
A5
A22
699
720
721
21 (ii)
21
63 (iii)
63
A21
B21
B21
B24
23 (ii)
A23
719
764
770
771, 772
722
2
29
2
61
61
61
75
(i)
(iv)
(ii)
(v)

37 (v)
27 (iv)
27
A23
A27
B26
736
726
774
28 (iv)
28
A28
B27
727
775
43 (i)
77 (vi)
77
B4
B4
B38
745
792, 793
794
44
65
45
62
B5
B5
B6
B6
746
776
747
769
(i)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
71
64 (iii)
B25
773
66 (iv)
B25
777
The whole pattern indicates a very intensive coinage closely
concentratedin time. The sheersize of the issue is impressive- it is
by farthe largestproducedforCappadocia up to this date - and it is
hard to escape some connectionwith the militarycampaigns of the
thereis nothingto help withthe refinement
of
period.22Unfortunately
the chronology.
The business of determiningwhere a coinage was struckif its dies
weretransportableis not an easy one. In the case of the Alexandrian
coinsof SeverusAlexander,similiarityof compositionto contemporary
coins of Rome suggeststhat the provincialissues were struckthere,
then transported.23Here, however,there are no analyses usable for
this purpose. Both the employmentof a similarpatternof obverses
and the similarityof usage with respect to die axis seem to me,
however,to suggestactual strikingof the silverof Aureliusand Verus
at Rome itself,then its transportationto Cappadocia.
22SeeWalker,
2, p.83:"... intheabsenceofanyothermajorissuesin
Metrology
theeast,itserved
as themainsourceofcurrency
fortheParthian
warwagedinthe
nameofLuciusVerus/'
23A. M.Burnett
andP. Craddock,
"RomeandAlexandria:
ofEgypTheMinting
tianTetradrachms
underSeverus
ANSMN28 (1983),pp.109-18.For
Alexander,"
otherinstances,
in somecaseslessconvincing
and all involving
aes coins,see I.
Carradice
and M. Cowell,pp.26-50.
72
Analysis of 262 Coins of M. Aurelius and L. Verus
N = 262; mean wt. = 6.669 g; S.D. = 0.255

40%
96
30% 63
52
20% 29
10% -
0% I
I
.
< 6.00
I
10
5
I
ll
II
6.00 6.20
II
6.40
II
6.60
II
6.80
I I
7.00
7.20 > 7.40
MARCUS AURELIUS AND COMMODUS, A.D. 169-180

The view that the coinage of Marcus and Verus was produced at
in a negative
Rome and transportedto Cappadocia may be reinforced,
way, by the existenceof a small series of coins in clearly local style.
TridrachmReverses
YTTATOCr, threegrain stalks on garlanded altar (Marcus, S. 334 =
133)

TEPMANCAPMAT, similar (Commodus, S. 362
YTTATOCr, Mars (Marcus, S. 333a = 134)
YTTATOCr, temple with Mars (Marcus, S.- =
TEPMANCAPMAT, similar (Commodus, S.- =
YnATOC r, eagle (Marcus, S.- = 136)
TEPMANCAPMAT, similar (Commodus, S. 363
73
= 138)
135)
139)
= 140 and 141)
Didrachm Reverses
YnATOC r, club (Marcus, S. 333 = 137)
CAPMAT TEPMAN,club (Commodus,S. 364 = 142 and 143)
TEPMANCAPMAT,Mt. Argaeus(Commodus,S. -, Walker3198 = 144)
The attributionof this groupto Caesarea has been invitedby the club
type,otherwiselackingforMarcus; the legends,whichare identicalto
thoseon the Mt. Argaeuscoinsfromthe hoard;and by the morerecently discoveredtype with Mt. Argaeus. A distant antecedent for the
Mars type has also been seen in Trajan's didrachms(50a-b). The
sharingof mostof the typeswithCommodusand the use of the legend
TEPMAN CAPMAT securelyties the issue to 175/6,just after Commodus's elevation to the rank of Caesar and the confermentof these
titles on both Marcus and Commodus.
This groupsharesan obversestylewhich,forwant of a betterterm,
can be characterizedas provincial. The busts are neat enoughon their
own termsbut have that slightdistortionof featuresthat frequently
sets offnon-Romanissues. There is no possiblitywhateverof confusion with the Mt. Argaeus coins of earlieryears. The epigraphy,too,
whilelegibleenough,is distinctive- a hallmarkis the use ofpeculiarly
largeserifs.There are of courseno die linksto the earlier,finergroup.
A finalpointwhichdistinguishesthesecoins fromthe earliercoins of
Marcus and Verus is theirabsence fromrecordedfinds. Althoughin
theory many of the specimens cited in the conspectus might have
belongedto the hoard,theirconditionis so freshrelativeto the hoard
coins of comparable date that their appearance may well be a
coincidence.
In view of the suggestionmade above that the Mt. Argaeusissues of
Marcus and Verus mightbe Roman in origin,it is possible to explain
the later issue in crude style as a small local striking. In this case it
may be consideredan anticipationof the roughlystyledbut certainly
74
Commentaryon Reigns
local strikingsof Commodus. The evidence is very limited, but

Walker's analyses show that the mean weightof silverin the theoretical drachmis intermediatebetweenthe fineissues of 163-66 and the
reduced didrachmsof Commodus.24
Whatever one's view of the relationshipbetweenthese two issues,
to demonstratethe possibleco-existenceof
theyare at least sufficient
for
widelydisparatecoinage Cappadociain a periodpossiblyas shortas a
decade. What is neededis morehoardevidence,particularly
intacthoard
evidencethat would securethe commoncurrencyof both groups.
The coinage of Commodusis shownby the new hoard to have been
far more extensivethan previouslysupposed. The projectionsusing
Carter'sformulasuggestthat no less than 149 obversedies and perhaps
as many as 387 reversedies were used to produce it. This would be
about twice the projected size of the whole issue of Domitian or the
earlyissue of Trajan, and approximatelyequal to the whole output of
Vespasian.
The weightofthe coinagefallsfarshortof the earlierstandardof ca.
6.6 g and representsa lighteningof about 33 percentfromthe previous
standard. If the Cappadocian drachmis regardedas the equivalentof
the Roman denarius,as it is reasonable to suppose it was fromthe
Flavian period throughthe joint reign of Aurelius and Verus, this
weightadjustmentmay reflectan attemptto maintainparitybetween
the Cappadocian drachmand a denariusof steadily decliningpurity,
withoutseriouslyalteringthe overvaluationof the drachm. A less
attractivealternativeis to see the new Commodandenominationas a
piece of 1^ drachms.25
The most remarkablefeatureof the Commodancoinage,taken as a
whole, is the precipitousdecline fromthe relativelyfinestyle which
had prevailedat the mintfromthe secondissue ofTrajan onward. The
and theirfeaturesbear only casual resemblanceto
busts are ill-formed
the emperorhimself;his appearance rangesfromyoungand vigorousto
fleshyand middle-aged.The legends,whichhad been characterizedby
24Walker,
2, pp.80-81.
Metrology
25On thewholeproblem
see Walker,
2, pp.84-85.
Metrology
Commodus
75
the higheststandardsof accuracy and even neatness,are both highly

and irregularly
cut. One can hardlyspeak of a
variablein orthography
consistentductus. The elementsof the titularyare always present,but
particularlyCEBACTOC,26as the finalword,is subject to truncation;
ANT(ON(E)INOC may be spelled either way indiscriminately;the
nomenis variouslyKOMO or KOM ; the praenomenis once rendered
MAP. On the obverses,one is leftwiththe impressionthat the engravers includedsuch informationas the space allowed instead of accommodatinga prescribedlegendto the available space; we may therefore
supposethat the bustwas engravedfirst.The reversesare oftensimply
all or part of whichwould
arbitraryin omittingthe end of TTATPIAOC,
fit
into
an
that
has
been
blank
left
or, once, filledwitha
easily
exergue
star.27
The disconcerting
varietyin the legends28hardlyinspiresconfidence
in such detailsas numerals,and this leads to uncertaintyregardingthe
beginningof issuesin the name of Commodus. There are threecoins in
the hoard which lack a consular iterationand all are fromdifferent
obversedies whichshow no sign of having read CEBACTOC.29 These
would normallyinvite attributionto the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
Commoduswas consul forthe firsttime in 177 and forthe second in
26Thecrossbar
on theterminal
E is seldompresent
evenwhenthenumber
of
letters
issufficient
toindicate
thatE is intended.
isvery
thecrossbar
Exceptwhere
ofthelegend-CEorvariants
ifarbitrarily
rendered
as C C
clear,thetermination
rather
than-CE.
27Weiser207.
28In orderto takeaccountofthisgreatvariety
in theminimum
spacein the
theobverse
andreverse
havebeenreduced
toa seriesofabbreviacatalogue,
legends
tionswithnumerals
forobverses
andletters
forreverses.
Theseabbreviations
are
indescending
orderofcompleteness
andaccuracy.In the
arranged
approximately
theobverseand reverse
theprinciple
ofarrangecatalogue
proper
typesprovide
oflegend;
theabbreviations
intheremarks
column
ment,
irrespective
consequently
randomness
of distribution
suggestan appropriate
amongthe legends.Weiser
ofcombinations
oflegends
thatissomewhat
lessfullthanthat
(p. 118)givesa listing
inotherrespects
ithasseemed
best
here;andsinceourcatalogues
provided
diverge
tobeginanewandtodealdifferently
withthelegends,
dielinksbetween
the
though
twolotsare noted.
29BMCGalatia
195-99alsolack
203,citedat Syd.365,andKlnerFundkomplex
ofCEBACTOC.Weisertooconcludes
thatthecoinsareprobably
anyindication
concurrent
withthecoinsofthethird-fourth
andthattheomission
of
consulships
theiteration
is without
chronological
significance.
Commentaryon Reigns
76
179. But two ofthe obversesare sharedwithlaterissuesofCommodus:

one (1) is linkedto a reverseof his thirdconsulship(181 and 182) and
the other(2) to a reverseofhis fourth(183-85). It is surelyimplausible
that a tinyissue belongsto his caesarate,withthe dies preservedto be
reused (incorrectly)several years later, especially since there are no
issuesin the name of Marcus. On all otherevidence,the
corresponding
reductionin weightof the didrachmis a phenomenonconfinedto the
sole reignof Commodushimself. It is only slightlyless unlikelythat
the issue belongs to a period earlier than his third consulship. But
since in the presentstate of the evidencethe coins are anomalous (and
anyhowofuncertaindate), theyare placed at the head ofthe catalogue
and the reader is invited to draw his own conclusions.30
Analysis of 137 coins of Commodus
N = 137; mean wt. = 4.389 g; S.D. = 0.203
25%
30
20% -
28
28
15% 10% -
12
r In
10
6
5
3
I
I
0% I- I- u - u - u - u - u - u - u - u - u - 1_
< 4.00 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80
5% -
30Weiser
andplacedthecoinsinthe
conclusion
(p. 127)cametothesamegeneral
and
ofthedielinkswithcoinsofthethird
ofknowing
benefit
period181-85without
fourth
consulates.
VOLUME
The sample of dies in the Caesarea hoard providessome data forthe
estimationof the originalnumberof dies employedto strikethe imperial silver of Caesarea. No systematicattempt has been made to
expand the sample beyond the hoard itself,nor,as a consequence,to
deal withdenominationsotherthan the didrachm. The formulaused is
that of G. F. Carter.1
Table 2
Estimated Number of Dies
Ruler
Vespasian
Domitian
Nerva
Trajan
Early
Middle
Late
Hadrian
Antoninus
M. Aurelius
L. Verus
Commodus
Total
Coins
52
98
10
Obv./Rev.
39/47
50/51
9/10
Obo.
123 27
83 8
41
255
53
18
5
161
101
137
931
28/35
157/155
36/36
16/16
3/5
122/127
77/74
82/107
619/663
71
329
90
107
15
24
16
55
397 50
255 41
165 16
Estimated
Rev.
356132
86 8
182
319
90
107
61
22
16
55
471 64
220 33
383 55
Estimatesof dies originallyused based on a countedsample of dies

and die links have now achieved a measure of respectability,but the
numberof coins a die could produceis stillanybody'sguess. Variables
such as temperatureat striking,size of flan, and reliefof coin all
1 Carter's
method
is preferred
foritssimplicity
ofapplication.
77
78
Volume
govern,in undetermined
ways,the total outputthat can be postulated
fora die and thus the total amount of coinage that could be produced
froman estimatedtotal numberof dies.
Moreoverfor the empire we lack any meaningfullylarge coinage
againstwhichto comparethe data. We knowthe Roman coinage was
huge- likelyto have been farlargerthan that forCappadocia at any
period- but how muchlargerwe are neverlikelyto know. Only the
tiny coinages,whereit is easy to count the dies, give us any sense of
relativescale.2 Moreoverthe moderntrendtowardquantificationhas
recentlybeen the object of justifiedskepticism.The use of a constant
to representaverage die lifeis a severemethodologicalerror,and therefore no attempt has been made here to translate die numbersinto
quantities of coinage.3
The most impressive peak is that attained with the combined
coinageof MarcusAureliusand Lucius Verus,who account forroughly
40 percentof the total in a period that cannot have exceeded three
years. Walker has, probablyrightly,associated that coinage withthe
militarycampaigns against the Parthians and Armenians.
Scarcely less impressive,however,is what has been designatedthe
middle period of Trajan, i.e 112-14. There is only a single die link
2 Thecoinageoftheprovince
ofLyciawasverysmall:I haveobserved
only6
and5 reverse
dies
and3 obverse
diesin32 coinsofDomitian,
obverse
and8 reverse
in 15 coinsofNerva.(ThecoinageofTrajan,thelastfromthemint,wasmuch
a) Amisusin PontusunderHadrian,see J. H. Nordbe,
larger.)Largercoinages:
ofAmisus
SilverCoinage
"TheImperial
A.D.,"inA. Damsgaard-Mad131/2-137/8
andNumismainAncient
andE. Hallager,
eds.,Studies
sen,E. Christiansen,
History
toRudiThomsen
ticsPresented
(Aarhus,1988),pp.166-78.Each oftheyearsis
ofdiesusedis 8
thetotalnumber
bysomecoinage.By denomination
represented
and 79 drachm.
23 didrachm,
tridrachm,
b) Syriain thelasthalfofthereignofTrajan. Therewere202 Syriantetradies(Walker,
overtheperiod108-17from171obverse
ofTrajanstruck
drachms
3, pp.122-23).
Metrology
ofArabiain theTell
16 thedrachms
c) ForeachofTrajan'syears14 through
dies(personal
forat least30 obverse
Kalakhoardaccounted
record,
unpublished).
dies
a specialcase. Therewere309obverse
clearly
d) TheHadrianic
cistophori,
ofAsia;for
intheprovince
the463coinsstruck
diesusedtoproduce
and410reverse
not
diesareknown
diesand42 reverse
the50 Bithynian
coins,30 obverse
(figures,
, pp.115,130-36).
Cistophori
updatedsince1980,fromMetcalf,
3 See in particular
Facts
CoinProduction:
Ancient
T. V. Buttrey,
"Calculating
JVC153(1993),pp.335-51.
and Fantasies,"
Volume
79
betweenthe two groups,but it suggeststhat one mightjust as well

combinethe middle and late periods into a continuumwhich would
then be centeredon the adoption of the title optimusin 114.4 This
coinagetoo may have been associated withthe emperor'seasternmilitary operations.
A thirdtotal - that forDomitian- seemsto have been confinedto
a singleyear. Those coinswhichbear no dates are linkedto thoseofhis
year 13, and thereis no evidenceforCappadocian silvercoinage in any
otheryear of his reign. Neitherin this case nor in any others(apart
fromthe possibilitiesalready cited) is thereany obvious militaryconnection. We have to to suppose that otherfactorsaccounted forsuch
regularand substantialinfusionsof coin.5
4 Ifthetwogroups
ofTrajanarecombined
theestimated
number
ofobverse
dies
comesto 41628, comfortably
closeto theseparatetotals.
5 In generalthe linkagebetween
military
activityand heavycoiningis less
securebothinlogicandinfactthanis commonly
supposed.It mayhavemuchto
recommend
itfortheRepublican
before
theRomanpeoplehadconquered
or
period,
absorbed
a Mediterranean
in therelatively
stable
empire.But later,particularly
- notably
FlavianandAntonine
otherstateobligations
freperiods,
increasingly
- musthaveconsumed
and
of
amounts
revenue.
quentcongiaria
larger larger
toconstitute
thesinglelargest
ofthe
Military
expenses
mayhavecontinued
expense
tolookformilitary
stimuli
behind
state,butitiswrongheaded
lurking
everyissueof
in theprovinces.
coinage,
particularly
METROLOGY
The Caesarea hoard presentsthe greatestbody of material so far

available foranalysisof the weightsof the Cappadocian silvercoinage.
Table 3
Mean Weights by Rulers
Vespasian
Domitian
Nerva
Trajan early
Trajan late
Hadrian
AntoninusPius
M. Aurelius
L. Verus
Commodus
Mean ( N )
6.40 (52)b
6.52 (98)c
6.64 (10)d
6.61 (41)
6.69(307)'
6.62 (18)f
6.54(5)
6.66(161)
6.69(101)
4.39(137)
S.D.
.281
.211
.294
.196
.213
.114
.392
.257
.251
.203
Walker(N)a
6.84(50)
6.65(19)
6.46(18)
6.66(8)
6.46(14)
6.24(29)
6.13(10)
6.43(100)
4.15(13)
a HereI haveused
calculated
from
coinsactually
documented
onlythefigures
by
sincethesemaynowbe conveniently
in
with
those
Walker,
incorporated
published
thehoard;his"corrected
meanweights,"
basedonlarger
butnotalwaysidentifiable
are generally
histabulation.
samples,
higher
throughout
b 6.907for37 didrachms,
3.373for9 drachms,
1.622for6 drachms
intheANS,
otherthanthosein theCaesareahoard.
c 6.763for16 didrachms,
3.206for5 drachms
in theANS.
d 6.859for11 didrachms
in theANS.
* 6.742for22 didrachms,
3.271for15 drachms
(bothperiods)in theANS.
' 6.224for10didrachms,
3.59foronedrachm,
1.708for21 hemidrachms
inthe
ANS.
g 4.26for7 didrachms
in theANS.
81
82
Metrology
Apart fromthe fact that the earliestcoins are slightlylighterthan

the latest,the picturesuggestedhereis remarkablyconsistentand correctsthe impressionof unsteadinessformedon the basis of a generally
smaller(and, forthe second-century
issues,at least, less well preserved)
assembled
In
those
Walker.
cases where coins fromthe
sample
by
hoard have not been circulatedheavily say, Hadrian on - and the
sample is larger,theirevidence is to be preferredto that of Walker.
It would be desirableto subject the hoard coins to analysis forcontent,since the apparent consistencyof the weightsmust be modified
by mean silver content; Walker's analyses suggest less consistency
here. Unfortunately
no facilitiesforanalyses of such numbersof coins
are readilyavailable. The materialis, however,stillintact,and anyone
withaccess to the properanalytical facilitiesis welcometo exploit it.
ROME
AND
THE
CAPPADOCIAN
COINAGE
The Caesarea hoard and the investigationthat it has promptedclarifyand in major respectsalter the pictureof Cappadocian silvercoinage fromthe time of Vespasian to that of Commodus.
First,even thoughthe coinage of Caesarea has long been recognized
as one of the principalprovincialsilver coinages, it is unexpectedly
large. Except forHadrian and Antoninus,each substantialreignsaw a
major infusionof silver coinage; and even if this consistedto some
extentof reusedearlierissues,the compositionof the hoard showsthat
therewas no major replacementof coin duringthis period. The issues
of Vespasian and Domitian,largein the firstplace, werestillabundant
a centuryaftertheyruled. The coinage of Nerva was considerablefor
his shortrule, that of Trajan small duringthe second consulshipbut
verylarge in the later issue. The scale of the coinage of the joint reign
of Aureliusand Verus and of the sole reignof Commodussurpassesall
expectations.
Second, the size of the hoard and the very heavy representationof
most types shows that it omits no Cappadocian issue of any size. A
corollaryis that the Caesarean originofany didrachmofthe periodnot
included in the hoard requires independentevidence in favor of its
attributionto the province. We have pointed to exceptionsof both
sorts- the absence of the Domitian/Domitiadidrachmsas well as the
one struckforDomitia herself,and the presenceofthe Roma didrachm
of Trajan, of unusual style; but both of these are in the full sense
exceptionsthat prove the rule, extremelyrare coins. The originof
thoseissueswithnon-localtypeswhichare absent fromthe hoard must
now be sought elsewhere.1
1 Thelotunder
consideration
included
butsincethehoardseems
onlydidrachms,
to haveincluded
smallerdenominations
as wellit is worthpointing
out thatit
vindicates
theArabian
attribution
ofthedrachms
ofTrajanas wellas theCyrenaicanoneofthedrachms
andhemidrachms
withZeusAmmon,
alludedto inMetcalf,
83
84
Rome and the Cappadocian Coinage
Third, the provision of coin for Cappadocia is certainly not as

as Sydenham's catalogue and subsequent treatments
straightforward
suggest. Sydenham's simple chronologicalpresentationconceals the
fact that certain coinages fall outside the local mainstream,and a
growingamountof evidencepointsto the mintof Rome. The question
is one that meritsfurtherstudy,but, in approximateorderof probability, the followinghave characteristicsthat suggest Roman origin.
A. The Roman styleissues of Vespasian: thereare two clear stylistic
- denarii, cistogroups. One conformsin general outline to issues
phori,and some tetradrachms of otherprovincialmints. This group
may safely be identified as Caesarean on this basis and its
continuedemploymentof the 12:00 die axis. Separate fromit - and
as yet not die linkedto it - is a group of more clearlyRoman style,
whichemploysthe 6:00 die axis characteristicof the mintof Rome. In
generalthe fabricofthe Roman issuesis broaderand thinnerthan that
of the local issues.
B. The bilingual didrachmsof Trajan and associated issues: the
obviousexplanationforthe existenceofa die withLatin legendsis that
it was borrowedfromor intendedforstrikingof denarii,and we have
no reason to thinkthat denarii of this period were struckelsewhere
ofMt.
factoris the unusual representation
than Rome. A confirmatory
Argaeus, confinedto this issue.
C. All the didrachmsof Domitian: at the veryleast thesecoins show
an uncannily Roman style, and they display the 6:00 die axis
characteristicof Rome and previouslyunknownon any certainlyCaesarean emission.
D. The Mt. Argaeusdidrachmsof M. Aureliusand L. Verus:thereis
no means of provingthis connection,since the criterionof die axis had
brokendown already with Hadrian and AntoninusPius. The style,
a fullenough
whoprovides
"TellKalak,"p.94,andindependently
byD. R. Walker,
is likelyto escape
at Metrology
treatment
2, pp.112-13.Sincetheinformation
ofDr.
ofthetypeinthecollection
inApril1989I sawtwodrachms
record
elsewhere,
a visittoLibyayears
their
ofTrenton,
R. Linkfield
NJ;herecalls
during
acquisition
ago.
85
thoughsuggestiveof Rome, is not as closelycomparableas in the case

of Domitian.2
In view of the possibilityof extensive involvementof the Roman
mintin the coinage of Cappadocia, it is possible to ask what positive
evidence remainsforactual strikingin Caesarea itself. Here the local
styleissues of Vespasian providethe best evidenceat the beginningof
the period. At the end it is impossibleto see any link between the
reduceddidrachmsof Commodusand the mintof Rome, and thereis
no stylisticlink to coins of othermints. In betweenstand the rough
early issues of Trajan and all those of Hadrian and AntoninusPius,
whichhave no demonstrablelinkto the mintofthe capital. In the two
lattercases at least the predominanttype,Mt. Argaeus,pointsdirectly
to Caesarea.
In myview,the fourcases cited above have enoughin theirfavorto
be consideredinterventions
fromthe capital in the provincialcoinage,
but it remainsto ask whethersuch involvementin the Cappadocian
currencyreflectsthe productionof coins or merelydies at Rome. Here
only analysis of trace metals,whichhas not been possible,could provide a conclusive answer. In the meantimethere are two pieces of
evidence pointingto actual strikingat Rome: the differencein fabric
betweenthe local and Roman style didrachmsof Vespasian, and the
solitaryLatin legend die of Trajan. In the firstcase the provisionof
dies fromthe capital would still not explain the differencein fabric;
and in the second it would be necessaryto suppose an unrecognized
denarius issue fromCaesarea to account for mintage in Cappadocia.
There are othercases of Roman involvementin the provinces- all
temporary,isolated, and so far lacking any convincingexplanation,
whethertaken individuallyor collectively. These include the striking
of drachms and hemidrachmsfor Cyrene under Trajan, of tetradrachmsforAlexandriaunderSeverus Alexanderand forSyria under
2 Thedidrachms
ofNerva,whichbreakdownroughly
intotwogroups,
mayyet
turnoutto represent
RomanandCappadocian
buttheevidence
hereis
products,
notas clearcutas intheothercases.Thewholecoinage
wouldrepaymoredetailed
studythanhas beenpossiblehere.
86
Philip I,3 as well as a number of provincialaes coinages that look

suspiciouslyRoman in style.4These are in a sense purelynumismatic,
almost ahistorical episodes, and the Cappadocian examples exist
almost to the
against a historicalrecordthat is otherwisefragmentary
But
one
from
the nature
of
non-existence.5
explanationemerges
point
of provincialcirculationitself.
The view that Antiochand Caesarea providedthe large denomination currencyof the Roman East is very old and almost axiomatic.6
This is part ofthe basis fora view of easternRoman hoardsas eclectic,
the productof hoardingindifferent
to denominationor standardin a
would
it
that
cause
if
were observed in the West. The
way
surprise
perceivedscale of operationof Antiochand Caesarea was once allowed
tacitlyto explain the occurrence,in surprisingcontexts,of typesthat
taken on theirown would neverinviteattributionto the mints.7But
3 ForCyrene
seeabove,n. 1. ForAlexandria
underSeverus
seeA. M.
Alexander
Burnett
andP. Craddock,
"RomeandAlexandria:
TheMinting
ofEgyptian
TetraunderSeverusAlexander,"
drachms
ANSMN 28 (1983),pp.109-118.ForSyria
underPhilipI seeH. R. Raldus,Mon(eta)VRB(is)- ANTIOXIA. RomundAntiochiaals Prgesttten
Tetradrachmen
desPhilippus
Arabs(Frankfurt,
1969).
syrischer
theseinstances
andrecognizes
"connecWalker,
3, pp.159-60,discusses
Metrology
tion"withthemintofRomeofCaesarean
issuesofNervaandAurelius
andVerus.
4 Fora recenttreatment
see I. Carradice
and M. Cowell,pp.26-50.
5 ForCaesarea,
seeRE 3, 1289-90(Ruge);forCappadocia,
A. H. M.Jones,
Cities
RomanProvinces2
devoted
to
(Oxford,
1971),whosesingleparagraph
oftheEastern
ofitsexistence
thetopicopens"During
thefirst
threecenturies
weknowverylittle
oftheinternal
oftheprovince."
inderPrinziSee R. Teja, "Kappadokien
history
fora recent
ANRW2.7.2(BerlinandNewYork,1980),pp.1083-1124,
patszeit,"
onnatural
underscores
thelack
connected
account
that,withitsemphasis
resources,
oftheworkings
oftheprovince.
ofdetailedknowledge
6 See forexample
W. Wroth,
BMCGalatia
, p. xxxv(onCaesarea),
pp.lix-lx(on
2 (Oxford,1911),p. 779; Sydenham,
Antioch);B. V. Head, HistoriaNumorum
pp.2-3.
7 For exampleT. V. Buttrey,
fromBordeauxand the
"A Hoardof Sestertii
in theThirdCentury
Problem
of Circulation
A.D.," ANSMN 18 (1972),p. 55:
. . ."; J.-P.
wasstriking
coinforCyrene.
". . . themintofCaesareain Cappadocia
de238 311, BFAR214(Paris,
desempereurs
romains
montaire
Callu,La politique
"Trsor
1969),pp.160-61;andTeja (above,n.5). See J. T. Milikand H. Seyrig,
that
de Murabb'at,"
/?N61 (1958),pp.11-26,at 25,wherea suspicion
montaire
was
toemerge.Callu,p. 161,n.4, notesthattheproblem
isamissbegins
something
87
recentscholarshiphas deprivedAntiochand Caesarea oftheirexclusive

predominancein the coinage of Anatolia and Syria. The hoardsthemselves formpart of a convincingchain of argumentforthe existenceof
smaller,more ephemeralmints,and another sort of pictureemerges.
That is one in whichtraditionalborders,to some extentcongruentwith
Roman provincialborders,can be observedin the circulationof imperial silver. Thus cistophori,originallythe coinage of the Attalid kingdom, are the coinage of the provinceof Asia.8 Syrian tetradrachms
come fromSyria, Arabian issues fromArabia, and Cappadocian ones
occurs,but not commonly.9If
largelyfromCappadocia. Intermingling
this phenomenonis observable to us, it must have been even more
obvious to the Romans and may have played a role whenthe decision
was made to coin eitherin denarii10or in local denominations.
The denariuswas, both in theoryand in fact,a universalcoin - it
could and did circulateeverywherewithinthe limes, thoughour fragmentaryevidence forthe East understatesits prominencethere. This
was not true,or not truein the same way, of provincialcoinages,even
those which were sometimesovervalued in relation to the denarius,
fromwhichtheyare oftenvisuallyalmost indistinguishable.The consequenceis that a coin producedin or forCappadocia could,afterissue,
go anywhereifit was a denarius;but ifit was a drachmor a didrachm,
it stayed in Cappadocia. The same general rule applies, mutatis
Antioch
heinclined
stillexercising
in 1962,though
whathetookawayfrom
Seyrig
in "TheBoston
to giveto Caesarea.A. R. Bellinger
correspondence
quotesfrom
CollegeHoard,"ANSMN 10 (1962),pp.43-50,at 49.
8 Theevidence
is slender,
seeMetcalf,
Cistoforcirculation
ofimperial
cistophori
thearea
haschanged
, pp.110-12.Nothing
since,butitstillseemsfairtoinfer
phori
ofintended
fromtheHadrianic
circulation
types.
9 J.H. Nordbehasrecently
inalmost
ofAmisus
discussed
theHadrianic
coinage
theseterms,
SilverCoinageofAmisus131/2-137/8
seehis"The Imperial
precisely
in
E. Christiansen,
andE. Hallager,
A.D.,"inA. Damsgaard-Madsen,
eds.,Studies
Ancient
Presented
to
and
Numismatics
Thomsen
1988),
(Aarhus,
History
Rudy
ofthenewcoinage
totheincompatibility
pp.166-78.Atp. 171hedrawsattention
withboththecistophoric
and theCappadocian
standards.
10Forpurposes
ofthisargument
thetermembraces
theentire
denarius
system
and includes
aureiand quinariias well.
88
mutandis,in otherprovincesas well.11Denarii once struckwerefreeto

circulatethroughoutthe empire,local denominationstendedto stay at
home. Thus is it possibleto see the strikingofcoin at Rome forprovincial circulationas a means of infusingnew moneyinto a specificenvironmentand as an instrument
of maintainingor correctingbalances of
silver supplies.12
With respectto Cappadocia, the mintof Rome seems to have been
but on a large scale. Here, as in the cases of
employedintermittently
Alexandria under Severus Alexander and Syria under Philip I, the
questionwas not simplyone of the abilityof the mintto producecoin,
forall these mintshad the capacity to do so in abundance. The point
must have been to add to existingcoin supply in the province,for
reasons we cannot recover.
This analysis gets us no closer to an understandingof why Rome
intervenedin Cappadocian coinage when it did or of the othersimilar
episodes in Syria and Egypt. But in a curiousway the interpretation
proposedhere is reinforcedby anothersort of numismaticevent that
has longbeen passed over in silence,thoughit has wantedexplanation:
the simultaneousstrikingof both local denominationsand denarial
issues at the same mint. Prominentexamples include:13
Augustus,aurei and denarii,as well as cistophori,at Pergamm;
Vespasian, denarii and cistophoriat Ephesus; denarii and tetradrachmsat Antioch;
Hadrian, denarii and tetradrachmsat Antioch;
Philip I - Trebonianus Gallus, antoninianiand tetradrachmsat
Antioch.
11The drachms
in LyciafromDomitianthrough
Trajan,whichare
produced
tothegeneral
rulethat
found
inwestern
an exception
constitute
hoards,
commonly
of
issue.
silver
near
its
2,
Walker,
Metrologypp.70-71,
stayed
provincial
points
attributes
thisphenomenon
to theirinitialovervaluation
againstthedenarius.
12Thissortofinvolvement
ofcointomeet
isdifferent
from
thelocalmanufacture
forwhich
of
from
home
theperiodic
coin
immediate
needsandfrom
consignment
and
has recently
see R. P. Duncansomeevidence
beenoffered,
Jones,"'Mobility
ofCoinin theRomanEmpire,"AI IN 36 (1989),pp.121-37.
Immobility
13Included
denarii
forexample
theeastern
hereareonlycertain
cases,omitting
issuesofCaracalla
andtheeastern
to be struck
withHadrianic
thought
cistophori
tetradrachms.
and Elagabalusthought
to be struckalongside
89
Militaryeventsor imperialaccessionsmay have triggeredsome ofthese

coinages,and no impressionof relativescale is possible;14but the permarketsforthe coinages is one way of explaining
ceptionof different
simultaneous production of separate and often incompatible
denominations.
In the case of Cappadocia, there is not yet any recognizedlocal
denariusproduction,and militaryaffairscannot on theirown account
forthe steady and large,if intermittent,
productionof silverthroughout the second century. In seekingan explanationforthe coinage the
types themselveshave to be given some weight. Hardly anything
could be less militaryin its aspect than the silvercoinage of Cappadocia, at least the didrachms. The major types - Mt. Argaeus, club,
Athena- all have local antecedents. Roman typesintrude- particularlyunderNerva and Trajan - but neverto such a degreethat they
obscure the local nature of the currency. When the coinage required supplementfromRome, it came in the recognizableformof
local denominationswith local types.
To sum up: it is necessaryto move away fromthe conceptof a mint
that supplied eastern and, on occasion, southernAnatolia - not to
mentionSyria and Phoenicia. Earlier analyses of the Tell Kalak and
other hoards had already suggestedthe unsoundnessof many traditional attributionsto Caesarea (see Appendix 2); the Caesarea hoard
confirms
a muchmorecompactpictureof the mins output,limitedto
didrachmsand theirfractionsforvirtuallythe entireperiod but fora
briefepisode late in the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
In any case, it is clear that the mintwas not reallythat "of Caesarea," though on the occasions when imperial silver was struck in
Cappadocia it probably happened there; the mint for silver had no
14Exceptina limited
ifdiecountsareanything
to go by,as
wayforAugustus,
fortheaureiand18forthedenarii,
there
areat least10obverses
against71 forthe
since
Sutherland's
cannotbe usedforcomputations,
however,
figures
cistophori.
ofmaterial.In
hereas elsewhere
he madenoattempt
at comprehensive
collection
than
onecase(theaureuswithVictory
fewer
bull)herecords
slaughtering
specimens
werenoteddecadesearlier
Aurei
seeC. H. V. Sutherland,
"Augustan
byBahrfeldt,
and DenariiAttributable
to theMintofPergamm,"
RN6 17 (1973),pp.129-51,
4 (LonRNS SpecialPublication
drawing
uponhisownTheCistophori
ofAugustus,
don,1970),esp. pp.33-37.
90
demonstrableconnectionwiththe prolificone forcopper(see Appendix

3), whichlooks verymuch like any otherlocal mintunderthe empire.
The interpretation
of the Cappadocian coinage hintedat here may
seem to creditthe Romans withtoo sophisticatedan understandingof
money:it is time to rethinkthis attitude. If the historyof Cappadocian silveris as intricateas the evidence now suggests,it betokensa
flexible instrumentof state capable of response to a variety of
times. This should hardlycause surprisein view
pressuresat different
ofthe subtlemanipulationof the silvercurrencyindicatedby the work
of Walker.
This study has already gone far beyond its originalpurpose,which
was to publishin detail the largesthoard of Caesarean coinsyet known
and to definethe extent of the mint's operation duringthe period
representedby that hoard. Some problems of attributionare now
closerto solution,but othershave been highlighted,
and the analysisof
Rome's arrangementsfor Cappadocian silver coinage representsan
inadequate firstattempt,surelynot the last word. As always, more
evidence is wanted; when it becomes available it will now at least be
possibleto view it against a clearerframeworkforCappadocia during
the late firstand second centuries.
CONSPECTUS
OF CAESAREAN
SILVER
COINAGE
Each bold numberindicates a change in the obverse and reverse

pairing of types and/or legends. Bold letters are used to indicate
variants. Aftereach entrythe followinginformationis given.
Referencesusuallyare to Sydenhambut occasionallyto otherstandard
corpora. Referencesto S. followedby an alphabetic characterare
in Malloy's appendix to Sydenham, pp. 142-46. Coins cited by
Sydenham fromhis own collectionare noted under ^Documentation.
Documentationincludes published coins and those in major collections. Citationsof ANS coins includethose fromBaldwin's Caesarea hoard (whichare noted)but not thosethe Societyhas acquired
fromthe new hoard. ANS accessionnumbersare givenonlywhere
necessaryto distinguishidentical pieces. Material fromauction
and sale catalogues,and occasionallyunpublishedcollateralmaterial, is cited where it extends or, in the case of rare varieties,
completesthe recordof known specimens.
Finds recordsthe numberof occurrencesin known finds.
In general,the conspectuswill prove most reliable forthe coinage
representedin the new hoard and catalogued eitherhereor by Weiser
in Epigraphica Anatolica; indeed the terminusof the catalogue was
determinedprincipallyby the terminaldate of the hoard. Withinthis
broad framework,the entriesfor the didrachmsare no doubt more
representativethan those for the drachmsand fractions.
Documentationfromthe hoard itselfor frommajor publishedcollections is of course much more reliable than citation by Sydenham or
publicationin a sale catalogue or othersecondaryreference,
especially
wheretheselack photographs.Both "documentation"and "finds"are
reported,however,since informationin the latter categoryis often
difficultto come by and seldom included or implied by the former.
91
92
Conspectus
Obu. AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOC, Head
of Vespasian laureate r.1
Didrachms
A.D. 77-78
1. Rev. NIKH CEBACTH Nike flyingr., wreath in r., palm in 1.
Ref.: S. 89
Doc.: SNGCop 185; BMCGalatia , p. 47, 16; SNGFitz 5427; Hunter,
p. 582, 6.
Finds: Hoard 14 (27-40, provincialstyle);Weiser2 (5, provincialstyle;
6, uncertainstyle); Baldwin 50 (see pp. 157-58, 20). Baldwin notes
"variations de style qui indiquent les diffrentesfrappes," and
pointsto pl. 24, 17 and 18, wherethe two coins illustratedseem to
be of provincialstyle. It is regrettablethat she did not break down
the coins by stylisticgroup.
2. Rev. Legend as 1. Nike on elongatedbase flyingr., wreathin r.,
palm in 1.
Ref.: S. 90
Doc.: ANS (ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Hoard 2 (41 provincial style; 42 Roman style); Baldwin 1
(p. 158, 23, pl. 25, 21, Roman style).
3. Rev. TTATHPTTATPIAOCMt. Argaeus; on summit,Helios radiate
standing1., holdingglobe in r., scepter in 1.
92
Ref.: S.
Doc.: Hunter, p. 582, 7; ANS 3 (2, possibly3, ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Baldwin 3 (p. 159, 30). Baldwin inadvertentlysuggestsin her
descriptionof the obverse("mme coin que la monnaiede la pl. II,
26" [i.e. rev. NIKH CEBACTH, above 2]) that all three coins are
fromthe same obversedie, but two of these preservedat the ANS
are fromdifferent
dies. A thirdcoin, also possiblyfromthe hoard,
1 ForthecoinageofVespasian,
wheremosttypesoccurin twodistinct
styles,
of"Roman"and"provincial"
variations
is made,andtheexistence
onlyoneentry
or "Finds"entry.
is notedin the"Documentation"
Vespasian
93
has yet anotherobversebut a reversedie linkto one of the Caesarea

hoard coins. All three coins are of Roman style.
4.
Rev. AYTO KAI OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOY YIOC Head of

Titus laureate r.
Ref.: S. 102
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6364 (provincial style); BMCGalatia , p. 48, 19
(Roman style).
Finds: Hoard 26 (1-26, provincialstyle); Baldwin 8 (p. 157, 19, pl. 24,
16, provincialstyle).
5a. Rev. TITOC AYTOKPATQP KAICAP ETOYC 0 Titus in military
dressstanding1.,holdingspear in r., swordand paludamentum in 1.
Ref.: S. 103
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 48, 20; ANS 3 examples.
Finds: Hoard 4 (43-45, provincialstyle; 46, Roman style); Baldwin 6
(pp. 160-61,33; pl. 25, 32-33, Roman style; pl. 25, 34-35, provincial
style).
5b. Rev. Similar but ET
Ref.: S. 105 = F. Imhoof-Blumer,
RSN 8 (1898), p. 18, 64, not illus.
(fromhis own coll.).
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.57817.
Finds: None.
6a. Rev. AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET Domitian togate
standingfront,head 1., olive branch in r.
Ref. S. 108.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6365; ANS 2.
Finds: Hoard 6 (47-52, provincialstyle); Baldwin 3 (p. 161, 35 ; pl. 25,
37-38); the two coins illustratedare of provincialstyle. The text
erroneouslygives the reverselegend with a reversedN.
6b. Rev. Similar but Yl for YIO.
Ref.: S. 110 citing Spink, a referencenow untraceable.
Doc.: ANS (purchased at Caesarea, 1911), provincialstyle.
Finds: None.
94
Conspectus
6c. Rev. Similar to 6a but AOMITTIANOC forAOMITIANOC.

Ref.: S. 111.
Doc.: Munich = F. Imhoof-Blumer,
RSN 8 (1898), p. 19, 65.
Finds: None.
6d. Rev. Similar to 6a but AOMETIANOC forAOMITIANOC.
Ref.: S. 112.
Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 161, 35)
6e. Rev. Similar to 6a but CEBA Yl for CEB YIO.
Ref.: None, but see Doc.
Doc.: SNGCop 189. This coin is incorrectlycited at S. 108a withrev.
legend CEB Yl ET
Drachms
A.D. 74-75
7. Rev. ETOYC EKTOY Mt. Argaeus; on summit,Helios radiate
Ref.: S. 96 (S. coll.).
Doc.: ANS 3 (probably all ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds: Baldwin 4 (p. 160, 31).
A.D. 75-76
8. Rev. ETOYC EBAOMOY
Ref.: S. 97, p. 45, fig. 27, rev. only (S. coll.).
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.57802(ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds: Weiser 1 (7, Roman style; the plate belies his suggestionthat
the obverselegendterminates-TO); Baldwin 2 (p. 160,32; pl. 25, 31
= ANS, provincialstyle).
A.D. 77-78 (?)
9. Rev. As 2.
Ref.: S. 91
Doc.: SNGCop 186; ANS 1944.100.57795 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate
52. Same obv. and rev. dies.
Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 158, 24, pl. 25, 22, Roman style).
Vespasian
95
Obu. AYTO KAI OYECnACIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC Head of

Titus laureate r.
10. Rev. As 2.
Ref.: S. 106
Doc.: ANS 4 (all ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds: Baldwin 4 (p. 158, 21, pl. 24, 19; p. 158, 25, pl. 25, 23). Baldwin's plates are intendedto illustratea breakdownof threeprovincial and one Roman style,but the coins preservedin the ANS show
that there are two coins of each style.
Obu. KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOY YIO Head of Domitian laureate r.
11. Reu. OMONOIA CEB Homonoia seated 1., holdingpatera in r.,
scepter in 1.
Ref.: S. 113a; 113 (S. coll.) has inverted N and is given with obv.
legend AOMITIANOC CEBACTOY YIOC, rev. legend terminating
CEB. . ., but see the coin at Hess, 28 Apr. 1936, 52; both legends
wereprobablyfull.ANS 1944.100.57839seems to be fromthe same
obverse die as Sydenham's coin, but the inverted N has been
corrected.
Doc.: Hess, 6 Jan. 1926 (Lbbecke), 406 (not illustrated); ANS
1944.100.57839 (ex Baldwin hoard = Baldwin, pl. 24, 20);
1944.100.57840(possibly also ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 158, 2, pl. 24, 20).
A.D. 77-78
12. Reu. Similar to 5a but ...ETOY 0 instead of ...ETOYC 0
Ref.: S. 104 as a didrachm,citingBaldwin 34, but the coins she cites
are drachms;Sydenhammisreadsthe commentary,whichgives this
legend only for drachms.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.57818(ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds.: Baldwin 2 (p. 161, 34; pl. 25, 36 = ANS, provincialstyle).
13. Reu. Similar to 6a but ...CEB Yl ET 0 for ...CEB YIO ET 0
Ref.: S. 109 var. (S. coll.).
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
Obu. AYT KAICAPTIT YIOC CEBACTOY YIOY OYECTTACIHead
of Titus laureate r.
96
Conspectus
14. Rev. Similar to 1 with ET O added.

Ref.: S. 107
Doc.: ANS 2 fromsame obv. die (one certainly,the otherprobably,ex
Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 161, 37, pl. 25, 40.
Obv. Similarto 11 but AOMITIANOC KAICAPCEBACTO Y YIOC
15. Rev. EY0HNIA CEBACTH ET O Euthenia seated r., holdingtwo
grain stalks
Ref.: S. 114-15.
Doc.: A. Blanchet, RN 1895, p. 67, 3 (Paris); Hamburger, 19 Oct.
1925, 752 (inaccuratelyrenderedat S. 114); same dies as London
(not in BMC).
Finds: None.
Obv. AYTOKP KAICAPOYECTTACIANOCCEBA Head of Vespasian laureate r.
Hemidrachms
Undated.
16. Rev. Anepigraphic.Mt. Argaeus as on 3.
Ref.: S. 93.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6363; Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2394.
Finds: None.
17. Rev. Anepigraphic.Nike r. as on 1.
Ref.: S. 94
Doc.: SNGvAulock6362; SNGCop 187; BMCGalatia , p. 47, 17; Hunter,
p. 583, 8; ANS 6 examples,Plate 52. The styleof these coins is less
easy to characterizethan that ofthe didrachms,and oftenthe apparentevidence of style is at variance with that of the die axis, i.e.
12:00 is not clearly provincialand 6:00 is not clearly Roman. All
the ANS coins have a 12:00 die axis, but ifforcedto choose I would
divide them into 2 Roman and 4 provincialstyle.
Finds: Weiser 1 (8, apparentlyprovincialstyle, but die axis 5:00).
18. Rev. Anepigraphic.Nike seated r. on globe holdingwreathin lap.
Ref.: S. 95 (S. coll.), p. 44, fig. 26.
Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 38.
Finds: None.
Domitian
97
TITUS, A.D. 79-81

Obv. AYTOKPATOPTITOC KAICAP CEBA Head of Titus laureate r.
Hemidrachm
19. Rev. Anepigraphic.Nike advancingr. holdingwreathand palm.
Ref.: S. 116 (S. coll.)
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 46, 21-22; ANS 1944.100.58056,Plate 52.
Finds: None.
Obv. AYT KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOC TEPM,Head of Domitian laureate r.
Didrachms
A.D. 92-93
20. Rev. Anepigraphic. Domitian in quadriga r., holding laurel
branch and scepter.2
Ref.: S. 121
Doc.: SNGvAulock6369; BMCGalatia , p. 50, 33.
Finds: Hoard 7 (122-28); Baldwin 2 (p. 162, 38, pl. 26, 41).
21.
Rev. ETO ir 1. and r. in field. Bust 1.,spear uprightin r., patera

in 1.; above, thunderbolt.
Ref.: S. 122, reading IA on rev.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6371; London (not in BMC), same dies as Mnz. u.
Med. FPL 385, Jan. 1977, 7, and Kastner 12, 30 Nov. 1976, 249;
ANS 1944.100.58299ex Hess, 1 Dec. 1931, 633, Plate 52.
Finds: None.
22. Rev. Similar but no thunderbolt.

Ref.: S. 123.
2 Although
thequadrigareverse
is undated,
itsdie linkagedemands
itsplacementin 92-93.
98
Conspectus
Doc.: SNGCop 191; BMCGalatia , p. 49, 28.

Finds: Hoard 1 (63, same dies as SNGCop 191)
23. Rev. Legend as 21. Athena standingr., owl in r., spear in 1.
Ref.: S. 124.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6373; SNGCop 192; SNGFitz 5429; BMCGalatia ,
p. 49, 29.
Finds: Hoard 34 (64-97); Baldwin 4 (p. 162, 39, pl. 26, 42); Gerzeul2
(Golenko 1-2).
24. Rev. Legend as 21. Club, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 126
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 49, 30-32.
(Golenko 3).
25. Rev. Legend as 21. Nike runningr., wreath in r., palm in 1.
Ref.: S. 127
Doc.: SNGvAulock6372; SNGCop 193; London (not in BMC).
Finds: Hoard 22 (129-50); Baldwin 3 (p. 163, 41, pl. 26, 45).
26.
Rev. Legend as 21. Mount Argaeus; on summit,Helios radiate

standing1., globe in r., scepter in 1.
Ref.: S. 128.
Doc.: SNGCop 194; SNGFitz 5430; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Hoard 10 (53-62); Baldwin 3 (p. 163, 42, pl. 26, 44); Gerzeul 1
(Golenko 4).
27.
Rev. AOMITIA CEBACTH Bust of Domitia draped r., wearing

Stephane.
Ref.: S. 129.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6370 ex Glendining,21 Feb. 1961 (Lockett), 2986
= Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2402; ANS ex Florange-Ciani,17 Feb. 1925
(Aliotte de la Fue), 712; Glendining,27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward),
375, Plate 52. Each seems to be froma different
pair of dies; the
Woodwardspecimensharesits obversedie withWoodward374 with
rev. Nike r. (25 above), confirmingthe date.
Finds: None.
Nerva
99
Obv. AYT KAI AOMIT CEBACTOC TEPM AOMITIA CEBACTH

Head of Domitian laureater. facingbust of Domitia draped
1. wearingStephane.
28. Rev. Similar to 23.
Ref.: S. 130 (S. coll.).
Doc.: Glendining,27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward), 376 = Hess, 28 Apr.
1936 (Sydenham),65 = Naville 8, 25 June 1924 (Bernent),796 =
Hirsch 30, 11 May 1911, 952 = Hirsch 26, 23 May 1910 (Berlin
duplicates et al.), 710, Plate 52.
Finds: None.
Ref.: S. 130a.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6374; ANS 1989.118.1 (differentdies), Plate 52.
Finds: None.
Obv. AYT KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOC TEPMHead of Domitian laureate r.
Drachm
A.D. 92-93
Ref.: S. 125.
Doc.: ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 163, 40, pl. 26, 43); Metcalf,"Tell Kalak," 1.
NERVA, A.D. 96-98
Obv. AYTOKPATNEPOYAC KAICAPCEBACTOC Head laureater.
Didrachms
Undated, A.D. 96?
31. Rev. OMON CTPAT Clasped hands holdingstandard on prow.
Ref.: S. 136.
Doc.: ANS = Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham),66; BMCGalatia , p. 51,
44.
Finds: Hoard 2 (151-52).
100
Conspectus
Rev. TYXH CEBACTOY Tyche standing1.,rudderin r., cornucopia in 1.

Ref.: S. 137.
Doc.: ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard?), Plate 52.
32.
COS III, A.D. 97

33. Rev. YTTATOYTPITOY Club, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 146.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6378; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 165, 48, pl. 26, 50); Kldeyety2 (Golenko 103-4).
34. Rev. Legend as 33. Bust ofAmazon 1.,longcurlson neck;overr.
shoulder,bipennis.
Ref.: S. 148; J.-A. Blanchet,RN 13 (1895), p. 69, 7, pl. 3, 4, rev. only.
Doc.: Paris.
Finds: None.
Rev. Legend as 33. Mt. Argaeus;on summit,Helios standing1.,
globe in r., scepter in 1.
Ref.: S. 145.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6377; BMCGalatia , p. 51, 40; Hunter, p. 584, 14;
ANS, Plate 52.
Finds: None.
35.
Obv. Similar to 31, but obv. TEPM.

36. Rev. Club as 33.
Ref.: S. 147.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 51, 42.
Similar to 31, but obv. YTTATT
37a. Rev. AHMOY EAEYEleutheriastanding1.,pileus in r., rod in 1.
Ref.: S. 138.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6375.
Finds: None.
37b. Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA.
Ref.: S. 139.
Doc.: SNGCop 196; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
Nerva
101
38a. Rev. Clasped hands as 31.

Ref.: S. 140.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6376 (ex Glendining,21 Feb. 1961 [Lockett],2988
= Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2404); ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 52.
38b. Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA.
Ref.: S. 141 citing Spink.
Finds: Baldwin 1 (p. 165, 47, not illus.).
39a. Rev. Tyche as 32.
Ref.: S. 142.
39b. Obv. Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA.
Ref.: S. 143.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 51, 41; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard), Plate 53.
Similar to 31 but obv. AYTOKPA and YTTATT.
40. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 35, YfTATOYTPITOY.
Ref.: S. 144.
Finds: None.
COS IMIJan. 1-29, A.D. 98.
Similar to 31, but obv. Y nAT A
41. Rev. Eleutheria as 37a
Ref.: S. 149.
Doc.: ANS = Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2405.
Finds: Hoard 1 (157); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 5).
42. Rev. Clasped hands as 31.
Ref.: S. 149a.
102
Conspectus
43. Rev. Tyche as 32.

Ref.: S. 150.
Doc.: SNGoAulock6380; ANS (Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 [Sydenham],70).
Finds: Hoard 1 (160).
44. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 35, YTTATOYTETAPTOY.
Ref.: S. 151.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6379; ANS (ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Hoard 1 (156); Baldwin 1 (p. 166,49, pl. 26, 51); Bori 1 Golenko
62).
45. Rev. Club as 33, YTTATOYTETAPTOY.
Ref.: S. 153 citing Spink NCirc, not traced.
Doc.: None.
Obv. Similar to 31, TEPM
46. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 35, YTTATOYTETAPTOY.
Ref.: S. 152.
Doc.: None
Finds: None.
47. Rev. Club as 33, YTTATOYTETAPTOY.
Ref.: S. 154.
Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 51, 43.
Finds: None.
TRAJAN, A.D. 98-117
Obv. AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC TEPMHead ofTrajan laureate r.
Didrachms
Undated A.D. 98
48. EOC NEPOYAC 1ATHPTPAIANOY CEBACTOY Head of Nerva
laureate r.
Ref.: S. 155.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6382 (ex Glendining,21 Feb. 1961 [Lockett],2989,
same dies as Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927,2406, and ANS 1944.100.58302[ex
Trajan
103
Baldwin hoard]); ANS 1944.100.58301 = Baldwin, pl. 26, 52, same

dies as Glendining,27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward),381 = Hess, 28 Apr.
1936 (Sydenham), 72, Plate 53.
Obv. AYT TPAIANOC CEB AHM EE YTTATB Head of Trajan laureate r.3
A.D. 98-99
49. Rev. EOC NEPOYAC CEBACTOC Head of Nerva laureate r.
Ref.: S. 156.
Doc.: Egger, 28 Nov. 1914 (Prowe), 2415.
Finds: None.
Obv. Legend and bust as 48.
Rev. YTATAEYT
50a. Rev. Mt. Argaeus; on summit,Helios standing1., globe in r.,
scepter in 1.
Ref.: S. 157.
Doc.: ANS 2 (ex Baldwin hoard); SNGCop 198; SNGFitz 5437;
BMCGalatia , p. 53, 45, misread there and at S. 158.
Finds: Hoard 4 (161-64); Baldwin 2 (p. 166, 51, erroneouslygiving
"tte laure de Nerva").
50b. Similar but obv. bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen from
behind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGFitz 5438.
Finds: Hoard 2 (fromsame dies, 165-66).
51a. Rev. Male figurebearded, head r., helmeted,in militarydress,
standingfrontally,spear in r., shield in 1.
Ref.: S. 159, fig.46, citingJohnsoncoll.
Doc.: None.
3 Golenko
itshybrid
a coinwiththis
character,
(Gerzeul
11),recognizing
reports
obverse
and
and
reverse
AHMEHYTTAT
B Tychestanding
1.,holding
type
legend
rudder
and cornucopia.
Confirmation
is required.
104
Conspectus

51b. Similar but obv. bust as 50b.
Ref.: S. 161 (fig.47) and 160 misinterpreted.On all coins wherethe
type is clear thereis a slighttrace of a cuirasson Trajan's r. shoulder, and its presenceis suggestedby the truncationof the bust.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 52, 48; SNGvAulock6383; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin
hoard); Glendining,27 Sept. 1962 (Woodward),383; Naville 10, 15
June 1925, 740, all five fromthe same obverse die; Hess, 28 Apr.
1936 (Sydenham), 74, fromdifferentdies.
Finds: Hoard 1 (168); Baldwin 1 (p. 166, 52, pl. 26, 54).
52. Rev. Club, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 162.
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6384; BMCGalatia , p. 53, 52, with incomplete
obverse legend; Hunter, p. 585, 17; ANS 1.
Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPMHead of Trajan laureate r.
Rev. AHM EE YTTATB
Didrachms
53. Rev. Tyche standing 1., rudderin r., cornucopia in 1.
Ref.: S. 163.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6387 Glendining,21 Feb. 1961 (Lockett), 2990 =
Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2408; ANS 1, Mehl, 24 June 1930, 809.
Finds: Hoard 4 (189-92); Weiser 2 (17-18).
54a. Rev. Eleutheria standing1., pileus in r. and rod in 1.
Ref.: S. 164.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6388; SNGCop 199; BMCGalatia , p. 52, 49-50.
Finds: Hoard 7 (182-88); Weiser 1 (16); Bori 1 (Golenko 63).
54b. Similar but head of Trajan on obv. is laureate r. and draped.
Ref.: S. 165 (citing Ratto, 8 Feb. 1928, 2657, not illus.).
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
Trajan
105
55a. Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 50a.

Ref.: S. 167.
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6386; Hunter, p. 585, 18; ANS 1 (ex Baldwin
hoard).
(Golenko 6-8).
55b. Trajan obv. similar54b but draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: S. 168 (S. coll.)
Finds: Hoard 2 (180-81, same obv. die).
56. Rev. Clasped hands holdingstandard on prow.
Ref.: S. 171.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 2 (199-200); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 9).
57. Rev. Club as 52.
Ref.: S. 162a, 171a (Burbules coll.).
58.
Rev. AHMAPXEE YTTATB Female bust (Hera ?) 1.,wearingheaddress, short scepter in each hand.
Ref.: S. 174.
p. 52, 47; ANS 1 (ex Antioch hoard).
Finds: Hoard 1 (201); 1935 Antioch hoard l.4
This coin is placed herewiththe greatestreluctance,but thereis no
othermint to which it obviously belongs and the provenancein our
hoard lends some small plausibilityto the attributionto Caesarea
which is lacking for the other mysteriousdidrachm S. 175 and the
tridrachmS. 173. The latteralmostcertainlydoes not belongto Caesarea, and the originof the didrachmis anybody's guess.
4 Noe256;seealsoMetcalf,
"TellKalak,"p. 92,16,where
thecoinis mistakenly
identified
as a tridrachm.
Conspectus
106
Drachms
59a. Rev. Eleutheria as 54a.

Ref.: S. 166.
Doc.: SNGCop 199.
Finds: Weiser 1 (15); Baldwin 2 (p. 167, 54), Plate 53.
59b. Similar but obv. bust laureate r. with draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None
Finds: Weiser 1 (16).
60. Rev. Eirene standing1., grain stalks in r., scepter in 1.
Ref.: S. 170 (S. coll.). S. 169 recordsa similartypewithpatera in r. on
the basis of BMCGalatia , p. 53, 51, but the catalogue entryitself
contains a query that is justifiedby the conditionof the piece.
61. Rev. Clasped hands as 56.
Ref.: S. 172.
Finds: Weiser 4 (20-23); Baldwin 1 (p. 157, 56), Plate 53; Gerzeul 1
(Golenko 10).
Hemidrachm
COS II, A.D. 98-99, or COS III, A.D. 100
62. Rev. Legend ending B or T. Club as 52.
Ref.: Walker,Metrology2, 3034, whereit is claimed that I" has been
cut over B. The secondknownspecimen,fromdifferent
dies, clearly
shows B.
Doc.: Oxford(6, 1.65 g); Weiss (6, 1.66 g), Plate 53.
Finds: None.
COS III, A.D. 100
None of the coins dated COS III and attributedto Caesarea by
Sydenham can be regardedas a product of the mint.
COS llll, A.D. 101-102
No silvercoins of this date have ever been attributedto Caesarea.
Trajan
107
COS V, A.D. 103-111

The "Arabia" tridrachmof this date has been reattributedto Trajan's Arabian mint.5
Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM AAK.
Rev. AHMAPX EE YTTATO.
COS VI, A.D. 112-117 Trajan not yet optimus.
Didrachms
Rev. Club, handle at bottom.
63a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: S. 215.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 56, 82; ANS.
Finds: Hoard 10 (202-11);
63b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder,aegis.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
63c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
combinationwith the
Ref.: S. 214. S. 213 gives this obverse/reverse
obverselegendAYT KAIC... (Johnsoncoll.), a variantwhichawaits
confirmation.
Finds: Hoard 9 (216-24); Weiser 1 (64); Gerezul 1 (Golenko 29).
63d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6400; ANS.
63e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind,globe beneath.
Ref.: S. 214a.
Doc.: London (not in BMC); ANS 1 (ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Hoard 15 (230-244); Baldwin 1 (p. 167, 57).
5 Metcalf,
from
theCaesarean
"TellKalak,"pp.92-103.Theremoval
corpusis
followed
1, and byM. R. Weder,pp.57-61,though
by D. R. Walker,
Metrology
neither
is convinced
oftheattribution
to Bostra.
108
Conspectus
Rev. Female bust (Artemis?)1. in chiton,spear in r., patera in 1.

Ref.: S. 195 (Johnsoncoll.).
Doc.: ANS 1.
Finds: Hoard 14 (295-308); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 20-21).
Ref.: S. 197. S. 195b is said to have "aegis only" on 1. shoulder,but
the plate shows that it has draperyonly.
Doc.: SNGCop 208; Weber7797.
64c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 196.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6405; SNGFitz 5435; BMCGalatia , p. 55, 69-70.
Ref.: S. 195a (Burbules coll.).
Doc.: None
Doc.: SNGCop 209; London 2 (not in BMC); ANS.
Rev. Apollo standing1., olive branchin r., bow and arrowin l.6
65a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 4 (245-48); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 13 [arrow], 14 [no
arrow]).
Ref.: None.
6 It is notalwayspossible
a simplebowora bowandarroware
to tellwhether
botharealwaysintended.
and probably
present,
Trajan
109

Ref.: S. 191, 193 (both S. coll.).
Doc.: ANS 2; Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 90 (arrow), 91 (no
arrow).
Finds: Hoard 32 (256-87); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 12 [arrow], 15 [no
arrow]).
Ref.: S. 192.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 55, 67; ANS 1.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 207; ANS 1.
Rev. Tyche standing1.,rudderon globe on groundin r., cornucopia in 1.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6,401; Hunter, p. 585, 21; ANS.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS.
Finds: Hoard 10 (363-72); Weiser 1 (40).
Ref.: S. 203.
Finds: Hoard 18 (373-90); Bori 1 (Golenko 65).
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (391)
Ref.: None.
110
Conspectus
Doc.: SNGCop 211.

Finds: Hoard 24 (392-415).
Rev. Mt. Argaeus of varyingdesign, usually grottoat bottom
containingcult stone,flankedby two pyramidalobjects. At
top, second grotto,sometimeswith the appearance of a
flame. Trees on slopes of mountain.
Ref.: S. 210a.
Doc.: ANS.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: S. 211a.
Doc..: SNGvAulock6,403, 6,404 (imitative?);BMCGalatia , p. 56, 80.
67d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind,globe beneath.
Ref.: S. 210 (S. coll.).
Doc.: ANS (ex Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 [Sydenham],97).
Obv. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P Bust
laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 67.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Paris 1 (M. Amandry, "Rome et Caesare, didrachme et
drachme de Trajan lgende latine," BSFN 41.3 [April 1986],
pp. 36-39.)
Finds: Hoard 3 (444-46, see ANS Annual Report1983, p. 14, 12-16).
68.
Drachms
Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM AAK
Trajan
111
69a. Obu. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.

Ref.: S. 216.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 56, 83; ANS 1, Plate 53.
Finds: Weiser 1 (65); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 33).
69b. Obu. Bust laureate r., draped.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Weiser 6 (66-71).
Reu. Female bust (Artemis?)1.,in chiton,spear in r., patera in 1.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 55, 71; ANS 1, Plate 53.
Finds: Weiser 2 (28-29); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 18).
70b. Obu. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 198.
Doc.: SNGuAulock6405; ANS 1.
Rev. Mt. Argaeus as 67.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
71b. Obu. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Weiser 17 (47-63); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 25-26).
Reu. Clasped hands holdingstandard on prow.
71A. Obu. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed, seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: London ex Asia Minor hoard (not in BMC)
Finds: Asia Minor I (Mattingly,"Caesarea," p. 238).
72.
Reu. Nike advancing r., wreath in r., palm in 1.

Obu. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
112
Conspectus
Ref.: S. 212, printedas "didrachm" but the weightsgiven indicate

that the coins are drachms. The "didrachm" of this type has been
omittedfromthe catalogue.
Doc.: SNGCop 213; Hunter, p. 586, 26.
, not yet Parthicus
Trajan optimus
Obv. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANO)APICTO) CEB TEPM AAK7
Rev. Legend as 63.
Didrachms.
Rev. Club as 69.
Ref.: S. 217 (S. coll.)
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Ball 6, 9 Feb. 1932, 585.
73c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Kastner 6, 26 Nov. 1974, 291.
7 The formof the omegais minuscule
on the didrachms,
majusculeon the
drachms.
Trajan
113
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
74c. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 210.
74d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
74e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: S. 199.
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6406; ANS (ex Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 [Sydenham],
93).
Finds: Hoard 4 (484-87); Bori 1 (Golenko 64).
Rev. Apollo standing1., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in 1.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
75b. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (467-69), all fromsame obversedie on whichthereis
just the possibilityof drapery.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
75d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: S. 194.
114
Conspectus
Rev. Mount Argaeus as on 67.

Ref.: S. 208. S. 209 also cites the variety with obverse omegas in
majuscules fromJohnsoncoll.
76b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 207.
Doc.: None.
76c. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 211, citing B.M., but the coin is not there today. See
"Ghosts."
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
77a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder,aegis.
Ref.: S. 222.
Ref.: S. 221.
Finds: Hoard 6 (492-97); Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 35).
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Drachms.
Ref.: S. 218.
Trajan
115

78b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Hess, 28 April 1936 (Sydenham), 100.
Finds: None.
Obv. IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC Bust
laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Rev. Club as 63.8
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Paris 1 (M. Amandry, "Rome et Caesare, didrachme et
drachme de Trajan lgende latine," BSFN 41, 4 [April 1986],
pp. 36-39); ANS 1993.23.1, Plate 53.
Finds: None.
79.

80a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: S. 200.
Rev. Mt. Argaeus as on 67.
81a. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
8 Thedirection
from
thetwo
oftheclubonthereverse
bedetermined
canhardly
known
ofthisdrachm;
thedidrachms.
thedescription
isgeneralized
from
specimens
116
Conspectus
Doc.: Hunter, p. 586, 31.

81b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
82c. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Hadrian
117
HADRIAN, A.D. 117-138

Obv. AYTO KAIC TPAI AAPIANOC CEBACT
Rev. ET A
Hemidrachms
Year 4, A.D. 120-121
Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby Helios standing1., globe in r.,
scepter in 1.
84. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: S. 258 (S. coll.).
Doc.: SNGvAulock6411 (cited as S. 259); Hunter, p. 588, 48; ANS 3 (2
ex Baldwin hoard); Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 116.
Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 168, 60), Plate 53.
Ref.: S. 257.
Doc.: SNGCop 223; SNGFitz 5449; BMCGalatia , p. 62, 143-45; Hunter,p. 588, 47; ANS 3 (probably all ex Baldwin hoard).
(Golenko 38).
Ref.: S. 255.
p. 62, 140-41; Hunter, p. 588, 45; ANS 5 (1 ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Weiser2 (112-13); Baldwin 1 (p. 168, 61, pl. 26, 59), Plate 53;
Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 37).
86b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: S. 256.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6412; BMCGalatia , p. 62, 142; Hunter, p. 588, 46;
ANS 3 (2 ex Baldwin hoard).
(Golenko 37).
118
Conspectus
Year 5, A.D. 121-122

Rev. ET E
Ref.: S. 260.
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6414; SNGCop 224; BMCGalatia , p. 62, 146;
ANS 7.
Finds: Weiser 3 (123-25); Gerzeul 2 (Golenko 39-40).
A.D. 120-122 (undated)
Rev. No legend.
Ref.: S. 254.
Doc.: SNGCop 221; ANS 2 (ex Baldwin hoard).
Finds: Baldwin 2 (p. 168, 58, pl. 26, 58), Plate 53.
89. Rev. Nike standingr., foot on step, inscribingshield.
Ref.: S. 254a.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59039,Plate 53.
Finds: None.
Hadrian not yet Pater Patriae
Obv. AYT KAIC TPAIAN AAPIANOC CEB
Rev. AHMAPX EE YTTATT
Didrachms
COS III, A.D. 119-128
Rev. Mt. Argaeussurmountedby Helios standing1.,globe in r.,
scepter in 1.
Ref.: S. 261.
Finds: Eki 8 (265-72).
90b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (510); Eki 1 (261). Eki 262-63 are said to have obv.
legend AYT KAICAP AAPIANOC.
Hadrian
119

Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Drachms
91a. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 262.
Doc.: SNGCop 225; BMCGalatia , p. 59, 118; ANS, Plate 53.
Finds: None.
Ref.: S. 262a.
Doc.: McClean 5447; ANS, Plate 53.
91c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Hadrian Pater Patriae
Obv. AAPIANOC CEBACTOC.
Rev. YnATOC I"nATHP TTATMt. Argaeussurmountedby figure
of Helios standing1., globe in r., scepter in 1.
Didrachms
COS III, A.D. 128-138
Ref.: S. 263.
McClean 9220.
Finds: Kldeyeti 2 (Golenko 105-6); Eki 174 (47-161, 163-64, 190-91,
193-204, 206-13, 215-26, 228-39, 248, 250-58, 260).
Ref.: S. 264.
120
Conspectus
Doc.: SNGvAulock6415; BMCGalatia , p. 60, 120-21.

Finds: Bori 1 (Golenko 66); Eki 10 (240-41, 243-47, 276-78).
Rev. As 92 but ...TTATP
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 227; SNGFitz. 5446.
Finds: Hoard 2 (512-13); Eki 5 (162, 205, 227, 249, 259).
Ref.: S. 266a (citing Burbules coll.).
Doc. : None.
Finds: Hoard 2 (514-15); Eki 4 (242, 273-75).
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
93d. Obv. Bust radiate r., draped.
Ref.: S. 266 (citing B.M.).
Doc.: London (not in BMC).
Finds: Eki 2 (45-46).
Rev. As 92, with star 1., crescentr.
94. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 265. S. 265a cites fromhis own collectiona didrachmwith
obv. AYT KAICAP(?) [sic] AAPIANOC CEBACTO Head laureate r.;
confirmationmay be provided by Eki 17 (not illustrated).
Finds: Eki 38 (6-15, 17-44).
Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.
Ref.: S. 268.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59440,Plate 53.
Finds: Hoard 2 (517-18); Eki 19 (278-97).
Ref.: S. 268a citing ANS.
Doc.: ANS.
Finds: Eki 1 (298).
Hadrian
121
Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeussurmountedby star; to 1.and r.,

stars.
Ref.: S. 270a (S. coll.).
Finds: Hoard 7 (519-25); Zestafoni1 (Golenko 73); Eki 65 (299-316,
318-45, 347-53, 355-66).
Ref.: S. 270.
Finds: Hoard 1 (526); Eki 6 (317, 371, 377-80).
96c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder,aegis.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
96d. Obv. Bust laureate draped r.
Ref.: S. 269.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6418; SNGCop 228; BMCGalatia , p. 60, 123.
Finds: Eki 13 (346, 354, 367-74, 376, 381-82).
Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby wreath.
Ref.: S. 272.
Finds: None.
Rev. Legend as 93. Club, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 273 (S. coll.).
Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 123 (not illus.).
Finds: Eki 21 (490, 498, 512-14, 528, 537, 557, 560, 582, 591, 643, 651,
690, 694, 703-6, 712).
98b. As 92 but TTATPI
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Eki 4 (537, 566, 633, 692).
122
Conspectus
98c. As 93.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Eki 24 (481, 485, 488, 496, 508, 511, 515-16, 524-25, 539-40,
558, 561-62, 570, 575, 592, 595, 697-98, 702, 707-8).
Rev. Legend as 93 but ... TTATPIAOCClub, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 280.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6421; SNGCop 231; SNGFitz. 5448; BMCGalatia ,
p. 61, 135; Hunter, p. 587, 43; ANS 3, Plate 53.
Finds: Bori 1 (Golenko 67); Eki 129.
Rev. As 99 but star to 1.
Finds: Eki 15 (414-28).
Rev. As 100 but crescentto r.
Ref.: S. 282.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 61, 136-37; ANS 3.
Finds: Bori 2 (Golenko 68-69); Eki 45 (429, 431-42, 444-76).
Rev. YTTATTATTTATPIAOCBust of youthful male radiate
draped r., club over shoulder.
Ref.: S. 253.
Finds: None.
Obv. CEBACTOC AAPIANOC Head laureate 1.
103. Rev. TTATHPTTATPIYnATOC TO T Club, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 283.
ANS 3, Plate 54.
Finds: Eki 6 (692, 709-11, 713-14).
104. Rev. TTATHPTTATPI
YTTATOCTO T Mt. Argaeussurmountedby
crescent.
Hadrian
123
Ref.: S. 252b (ANS).

Doc.: ANS 1917.11.2, Plate 54.
Finds: None.
Rev. Legend as 103. Tyche standing 1., holding rudder and
cornucopia.
Ref.: S. 252 (London, date obscure but of necessityT; S. 252a (Burbules coll.).
Finds: None.
105.
Obv. Legend as 92.

Rev. Legend as 92.
Drachms
Doc.: ANS, Plate 54.
Finds: None.
Rev. Legend as 93.
Ref.: S. 267 (citing B.M.).
Finds: Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 47).
Rev. Legend as 93. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby three stars.
Ref.: S. 271.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
108c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
124
Conspectus
Hemidrachm
Rev. YTTATOCT TTATHPTTATPINike advancing r., holding
wreath in r., palm in 1.
Ref.: S. 274.
Finds: None.
109.
Anomalies
The followingcoins assigned by Sydenhamand othersto Caesarea
are of somewhatdifferent
fabricand do not occur withany frequency
in documentedfinds. The anomalies all have the same legends.
Obv. AAPIANOC CEBACTOC
Rev. YTTATOCT TTATHPTTATPIAOC
Tridrachm
110.

Rev. Tetrastyletemple;within,Tyche standing1.,holdingrudder in r., cornucopia in 1.
Ref.: S. 276.
Doc.: Lbbecke, p. 349, 2.
Finds: None.
Didrachms
111.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
Ref.: S. 275.
Finds: None.
112.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Rev. Tyche seated 1., holdingrudder in r., cornucopia in 1.
Ref.: S. 277.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 61, 129-31; Weber7804.
Finds: None.
Antoninus Pius
125
Drachms
Rev. As 112.
Ref.: S. 278a (S. coll.).
Doc.: ANS = Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 124, Plate 54.
Finds: Gerzeul 1 (Golenko 49).
113b. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.
Ref.: S. 278.
Finds: None.
114.
Obv. Bust laureate r., draped.

Rev. Eagle standingfront,head 1.
Ref.: S. 279.
Finds: None.
115.

Rev. Athenastandingr., head 1.,Nike in r., shieldon groundin
1.
Ref.: S. 282a.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59050(fromWayte Raymond 1938), Plate 54.
Finds: None.
Obv. AYTOKP ANT6NEINOCCEBACTOC

Rev. EYCEBEIA Eusebeia standing 1., raising r. over altar, 1.
covered by peplos.
Didrachms
Undated.
116a. Obv. Head r.
Ref.: S. 292a.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6424; same obv. die as ANS 1944.100.59457,
Plate 54.
Finds: None.
116b. Obv. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. 292.
126
Conspectus
Doc.: SNGCop 235; BMCGalatia , p. 64, 154; ANS 1944.100.59455,

Plate 54.
Finds: Eki 1 (731).
116c. Obu. Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: S. 293 (S. coll.).
Finds: Bandza 1 (Golenko 74).
116d. Obu. Bust r., draped.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59456,Plate 54.
Finds: Eki 8 (742-49).
116e. Obu. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Eki 17 (717-30, 732-34).
116f. Obu. Bust laureate r., draped.
Ref.: S. 292b.
Doc.: Mnz. u. Med. 52, 2-3 Dec. 1975, 184 = SNGuAulock6425.
Finds: None.
Drachm
Obu. Bust r., draped.
Reu. TTPONOIAPronoia standing1.,resting1.elbow on column,
holdingspear in 1., at feet,globe.
Ref.: S. 294.
Doc.: Paris (J.-A. Blanchet, "Monnaies de Csare de Cappadoce,"
RN3 3 (1895), p. 72, 21.)
Finds: None.
117.
Antoninusnot yet Pater Patriae

Reu. YTTATOCB Mt. Argaeus,trees on slopes, surmountedby
Helios standing1., globe in r., scepter in 1.
Didrachms
COS II, A.D. 139
118a. Obu. Head r.
Antoninus Pius
127
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Baranowsky FPL 1935, 6905.
Finds: None.
Ref.: S. 296.
118c. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: S. 297.
Finds: None.
Drachms
119a. Obv. Head bare r.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 238; ANS 1944.100.59461,Plate 54.
Finds: Weiser 8 (160-67); Gerzeul 4 (Golenko 53-54, 56-57).
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
119c. Obv. Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59469.
119d. Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
119e. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
128
Conspectus
Rev. Similar,but no trees on mountain.

120a. Obv. Head r.
Ref.: S. 299.
Doc.: Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2421 (not illus.).
Finds: None.
Ref.: S. 298.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Rev. Similar but Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.
Didrachm
121.
Ref.: S. 300.
Doc.: Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2420 (not illus.).
Finds: None.
Rev. Similarbut Mt. Argaeuswithtreeson slopes,no Helios, no
star.
Drachm
122. Obv. Head r.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
AntoninusPater Patriae
Didrachms
Rev. YTTATOCB TTATTTATPMt. Argaeus as 118.
Antoninus Pius
129

Ref.: S. 301.
Finds: None.
Obv. ANTQNINOC CEBACTOC Head laureate r.
124a. Rev. YTTATB TTArTATPMt. Argaeus similar to 120, star in
exergue.
Ref.: S. 301c (descriptionomits star in exergue).
Doc.: Mnz. u. Med. FPL 336, July 1972, 26 = H. M. F. Schulman,6
June 1969 (Mabbott 1), 2318.
Finds: None.
124b. Rev. Similar, but YfTATB TATrATP.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 1944.100.59452,Plate 54.
Finds: None.
COS III, A.D. 140-144.
Obv. AYTOKP ANTQNEINOC CEBACTOC Head laureate r.
125. Rev. YnATOC T Mount Argaeus surmountedby star.
Ref.: S. 301b.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6426 = Kricheldorf4, 7 Oct. 1957, 352.
COS IUI,A.D. 145-161.
Obv. Similar but, AYTOK...9 Head laureate r.
126. Rev. YnATOC A TTATnATP Mt. Argaeus as 118.
Ref.: S. 302-3.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 64, 153; Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 133.
Finds: None.
127a. Rev. Similar but ... TATPIAOCClub, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 304.
Doc.: De Moustier1485.
Finds: None.
9 Omegamaybe majuscule
or minuscule.
130
Conspectus
127b. Rev. Similar but ...fTATPIAOC

Ref.: S. 304a.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6427; H. M. F. Schulman,6 June 1969 (Mabbott 1),
2314.
Finds: Kldeyeti 1 (Golenko 107).
Drachm
128. Rev. Legend as 126. Mt. Argaeus similar to 118a.
Ref.: S., p. 136, 9 (S. coll.).
Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham), 134 (not illus.).
MARCUS AURELIUS
First issue, with Lucius Verus, A.D. 161-166.
Obv. AYTOKP ANT6NEINOCCEB
Rev. YITATOCI"Mt. Argaeussurmountedby Helios, globe in r.,
scepter in l.10
Didrachms
COS III for Marcus, COS II for Lucius, A.D. 161-166.
129a. Obv. Head r.
Ref.: S. 321.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6434; BMCGalatia , p. 66, 165-67; ANS 2.
Ref.: S. 323.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6433; SNGCop 241; BMCGalatia , p. 66, 170; ANS
(Ratto, 4 Apr. 1927, 2423).
10F. Imhoof-Blumer,
Monnaies
1883),p. 418,wasthefirst
(Amsterdam,
grecques
onthemountain
onthecoins
toa stagthatappearsoccasionally
todrawattention
onthebasis
subvarieties
andSydenham
andL. Verus,
ofM. Aurelius
distinguished
is notmadehere,exceptas notedin
or absence.Thisdistinction
ofitspresence
oftheanimaldoesnotseemto
ornonappearance
cited,as theappearance
catalogues
oftemple
at
columns
besystematic.
BMCGalatia
, p. 70,195-96,notesthepresence
and oftenillegible.
are ambiguous
buttheindications
thefootofthemountain,
131

Ref.: S. 322, fig. 74.
Doc.: Hess, 28 Apr. 1936 (Sydenham),140. The treatmentof the drapery on this piece is somewhat fullerthan that of others of this
description,but hardly enough to warranta separate heading.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Hunter, p. 589, 52.
129e. Obv. Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
129f. Obv. Bust laureate r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 325-26.
Doc.: SNGvAulock6432; BMCGalatia , p. 66, 169; ANS.
Finds: Hoard 17 (587-603).
129g. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
129h. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 324 (described as laureate, draped).
Doc.: BMCGalatia 168 (described as draped).11
Rev. Legend as 129. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.
130a. Obv. Head r.
11OnmanycoinsofbothMarcus
andVerus,
itis difficult
todetermine
whether
a
cuirassis intended;
whether
on shoulder
or chest,thedistinctive
marsometimes,
is thereanypositive
In
traceofa paludamentum.
kingsare absentbutneither
iftheoutline
oftheshoulder
canbe seenandit is notdraped,it is intergeneral,
pretedas cuirassed.
132
Conspectus
Ref.: S. 327 (animal at base of mountain),S. 331a (no animal).

Doc.: SNGCop 242; SNGFitz 5455; BMCGalatia , p. 66, 171; McClean
9221; ANS.
Ref.: S. 328, S. 332 (with and without "animar' at base).
Doc.: SNGuAulock6431; BMCGalatia , p. 67, 175-76; Hunter, p. 589,
53; ANS 2.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: S. 329.
130e. Obv. Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: S. 330-31.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , pp. 66-67, 172-73; ANS.
130g. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 2.
Finds: Hoard 6 (686-91); Kldeyeti 1 (Golenko 108).
130h. Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
133
Obu. AYTOKP OYHPOC CEBACTOC

Rev. YTTATOCB Mt. Argaeus surmountedby Helios, globe in
r., scepter in 1.
Didrachms
131a. Obu. Head r.
Ref.: S. 352.
Doc.: SNGuAulock6438; ANS 2.
Finds: Hoard 25 (694-718).
131b. Obu. Head laureate r.
Ref.: S. not, but see fig. 76.
Doc.: SNGuAulock6439.
131c. Obu. Bust r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
131d. Obu. Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGFitz 5457 (animal 1. at base of mountain),5458 (animal r.);
BMCGalatia, p. 69, 192 (animal on 1. slope); McClean 9224; ANS.
131e. Obu. Bust laureate r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 248.
Finds: None.
131f. Obu. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 351 description.
Doc.: None.
Reu. Legend as 131. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.
132a. Obu. Head r.
134
Conspectus
Ref.: S. 354, S. 358.

Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 70, 193 and 196.
Ref.: S. 355.
Doc.: SNGuAulock6437; ANS.
132c. Obv. Bust r., draped, seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 356.
Doc.: Hunter, p. 589, 56; Imhoof-Blumer,Monnaies grecques
, p. 418,
186.
132d. Obv. Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: S. 353, S. 357 ("with columnsof temple at footof mountain").
Doc.: SNGvAulock 6436; SNGCop 249; BMCGalatia , p. 70, 194-95;
ANS.
132e. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Second issue, with Commodus,A.D. 175-176

Obv. AYTOKP ANTCONEINOCEB Bust laureate r., draped,cuirassed, seen frombehind.
Rev. YTTATOCT
COS III,GermanicusSarmaticusforMarcus,Caesar GermanicusSarmaticus for Commodus.
135
Tridrachms
133. Rev.Three grain stalks on garlanded altar.
Ref.: S. 334 with Lbbecke's erroneoustranscriptionof the obverse
legend.
Doc.: A. Lbbecke, p. 349, 3, pl. 14, 11, but erroneouslydescribed
("...OC CEB" in obverselegend),9.93 g; Gorny23, 5 Nov. 1982,103 =
Gorny20, 1 Dec. 1981,60 = Gorny19, 12 May 1981,95 = Sternberg
10,25 Nov. 1980,410,9.21 g; BankhausAufhuserFPL 6 [n.d.,1988],
reversedies.
381, all fromsame obversedie but different
Rev. Helmeted male standing1., holdingspear in 1., shield on
ground in r.
Ref.: S. 333a (as a didrachm,incorrectly)
Doc.: SNGvAulock6429, "didrachm/*but 8.70 g; AuctionesAG 18, 21
Sept. 1989, 964, 10.01 g; McAlee; Bankhaus AufhuserFPL 6 [n.d.,
1988], 380 (same reverse,differentobverse die).
134.
Rev. Tetrastyletempleon podiumof threesteps; within,statue

of helmetedmale standing1.,holdingspear in 1.,shieldon
ground in r.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Bankhaus AufhuserFPL 6 [n.d., 1988], 383; ANS 1981.78.1,
Plate 54.
Finds: None.
135.
136a. Rev. Eagle standing1., head r.

Ref.: None.
Doc.: Bankhaus AufhuserFPL 6 [n.d., 1988], 382.
Finds: None.
136b. Rev. Eagle standingr., head 1.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Paris 1965/930,9.58 g.
Finds: None.
Didrachms
137. Rev. Club, handle at top.
Ref.: S. 333.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 67, 177; ANS 1984.44.5.
Finds: None.
136
Conspectus
Obv. KOMMOAO) KAI CEB YIO)
Rev. TEPMANCAPMAT
Tridrachms
138a. Obv. "Young bust r., bare head dr."
Rev. Three grain stalks placed on altar decorated with
garlands.
Ref.: S. 362.
Doc.: Imhoof-Blumer,Monnaies grecques
, p. 418, 188 (not illus.),
9.20 g; S. "142.8 gr."; Ashmoleanex Walker, 9.24 g. Imhoofcompares MionnetVI, p. 705, 618. It is possible that the Imhoof-Blumer and Ashmolean specimens are identical. Other examples:
Mnz. u. Med. FPL 359, Aug. 1974, 12; Paris P. 474, 9.76 g.
Finds: None.
138b. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Gorny 23, 5 Nov. 1982, 104 = Gorny 19, 12 May 1981, 96,
9.46 g; Gorny24, 14 Mar. 1983,95, 9.38 g. Same obversedie as both
examples of 141b.
Finds: None.
Obv. ...KAIC... Bust r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.
139. Rev. Hexastyletempleon podiumofthreesteps;within,female
figurestanding1.,holdingspear in 1.,shieldon groundin r.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Paris P 476, 10.27 g; Vienna 33706, 8.30 g; McAlee (same dies as
Vienna).
Finds: None.
Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed.
Rev. Eagle standingfronton club, head r.
Ref.: S. 363.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 192, 344 (Antioch), 136.6 gr. = 8.85 g; ANS
1993.8.1, Plate 54.
Finds: None.
140.
137
141a. Rev. Similar but eagle's head 1.

Ref.: None.
Doc.: Paris P 476, 9.87 g; ANS 1992.153.1, 9.17g, Plate 54.
Finds: None.
141b. Obv. Similar but bust seen frombehind.
Rev. Similar but eagle on branch.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 1989.66.1 = G. Hirsch 161, 22 Feb. 1989,847, 7.33 g; same
dies as Lanz 26, 5 Dec. 1983, 706, 8.31 g; same obversedie as 138b,
Plate 54.
Finds: None.
Obv. ...KAI...
Rev. CAPMAT TERMAN
Didrachms
142a. Obv. Bust r., draped.
Ref.: S. 364.
Doc.: Paris P 447, 5.45 g.
Finds: None.
142b. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: S. 364.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 71, 202, 93.7 g = 6.07g.
Finds: None.
Obv. ...KAIC...
143. Obv. Bust r., draped, cuirassed.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Ashmolean,6.29 g.
Finds: None.
144.
Obv. Bust, r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.

Rev. TEPMAN CAPMAT Mt. Argaeus surmountedby Helios
Ref.: None.
138
Conspectus
Doc.: Ashmolean,5.25 g; Mnz. u. Med. FPL 359, Aug. 1974, 13 ; ANS

1992.153.3,6.47 g, Plate 54.
Finds: None.
ObverseLegends
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
AY MAP AYP KOM ANTtONEINOC CEB

AYT M AYP KOMO ANTWNEINOC CE
AY M AYP KOMO ANTOiNEINOC CE
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTWNEINOC
AYTO M AYP KOMO ANTWNINOC
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTWNINOC CE
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINOC C
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTWNINOC
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTWNINO CE
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTCONI
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTW[
AYKT M AYPH KOMO ANTONINOC C'2
ReverseLegends
Commodus'sreversesdisplayin Greekthe consulariterationand the

title pater patriae.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
YTTATOC
no date, T, A
I"
r, A
I"
T
I"
TTATTTATPIAOC
TTATTTATPIA
TTATTTATPI
TTATTTATP
nAT TTAT
nA TTATPIAOC
12Thelegend
6441and
diesharedbySNGoAulock
isknown
from
a single
obverse
edithe
of
the
the
ANS
coin
confirms
206;
BMCGalatia,
71,
respective
readings
p.
was opento doubt.
tors,in bothcasestakenfromcoinswherethetermination

G. YTTATOC
H. YTTATOC
Didrachms
T
A
139
nAT TTATT
TTATnA
Undated, A.D. 180?

Rev. Legend A. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star.
145a. Obv. Legend 5.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
145b. Obv. Legend 9.
Ref.: S. 365.
Doc.: BMCGalatia , p. 71, 203; ANS.
Finds: Hoard 2 (795-96); Weiser3 (195-97). The obverselegendof his
197 is correctedon the basis of linkage to the hoard coins.
145c. Obv. Legend 13.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
r, COS III, A.D. 181-182
Rev. Mt. Argaeus surmountedby Helios holding globe in r.,
scepterin 1.
146a. Legends 16/B.
Ref.: None.
Finds: None.
146b. Legends 2/E.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
146c. Legends 3/E.
Ref.: S. 370a.
Doc.: SNGCop 250.
Finds: None.
140
Conspectus
147a. Legends 1/E.

Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
147b. Legends 3/E.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
148a. Legends 6/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 2 (811-12); Weiser 5 (212-16).
148b. Legends 7/C.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 9 (800, 803-4, 807-8, 810, 813, 815-16); Weiser 4
(201-4).
148c. Legends 8/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (805-6, 809); Weiser 3 (208-10).
148d. Legends 9/C.
Ref.: S. 366.
Finds: Hoard 2 (799, 801); Weiser 1 (200).
148e. Legends 10/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.

148f. Legends AYTOMMOAOC AN CE/C.
Ref.: S. 367.
Finds: None.
Rev. Nike advancing 1. holdingwreath and palm.
149a. Legends 7/A.
Ref.: S. 368.
Finds: Hoard 3 (819-20, 828).
149b. Legends 9/A.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
149c. Legends 16/A.
Ref.: S. 369.
Finds: None.
149d. Legends 8/B.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
149e. Legends 6/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 1 (826); Weiser 1 (223).
149f. Legends 7/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
149g. Legends 8/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
141
142
Conspectus
149h. Legends 9/C.

Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
149i. Legends 10/C.
Ref.: None.
149j. Legends 9/F.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Weiser 2 (220-21, die identical).
150. Legends 3/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Rev. Nike advancing r. holdingwreath in r., palm in 1.
151. Legends 1/A.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Rev. Nike standingr. on globe holdingwreathin r., palm in 1.
152a. Legends 7/A.
Ref.: S. 370c.
Doc.: ANS.
Finds: Weiser 1 (217, where the attributesare transposed).
152b. Legends 8/C.
Ref.: S. 369a.
Doc.: SNGCop 251.
Finds: None.
143
152c. Legends 7/E.

Ref.: S. 370.
Finds: None.
Rev. Club, handle at top. To 1., star; to r., crescent.
153. Legends 1/A (rev. fromupper r.)
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 1986.165.3.
Finds: None.
Rev. Club, handle at top. To 1., crescent;to r., star.
154a. Legends 1/A.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Sternberg10, 25 Nov. 1980, 432.
Finds: None.
154b. Legends 6/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Lanz 22, 10 May 1982, 737.
Finds: None.
154c. Legends 16/YTTATO[
]TTATPIAOC.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: ANS 1981.95.1,Plate 54. The obversedie of this piece is shared
with SNGvAulock6441 and (146a) BMCGalatia , p. 71, 206 (149c),
which confirmthe date.
Finds: None.
A, COS Nil,A.D. 183-185.
155a. Legends 8/A.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
155b. Legends 9/A.
Ref.: None.
144
Conspectus
Doc.: None.
155c. Legends 5/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (897-98, 904).
155d. Legends 7/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: Hunter,p. 590, 61.
Finds: Hoard 8 (835-36, 845, 905-9); Weiser 2 (230-31).
155e. Legends 8/C.
Ref.: S. 372.
Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 72, 208-9; SNGCop 252.
Finds: Hoard 7 (840, 863-66, 868, 916) ; Weiser 1 (233).
155f. Legends 9/C.
Ref.: S. 372a (S. coll.)
Finds: Hoard 11 (834, 838, 843-44, 852-54, 910-12, 915); Weiser 4
(227-28, 232, 242).
155g. Legends 11/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: McClean 9225.
Finds: Hoard 4 (841-42, 862, 917).
155h. Legends 12/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 5 (899-903); Weiser 4 (234, 240-41, 243).
155i. Legends 13/C.
Ref.: S. 372b.
Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 72, 210; Hunter,p. 590, 60 and 62; ANS.
Finds: Hoard 36 (846-51, 861, 867, 869-83, 885-96, 913); Weiser 18
(224-26, 244-58).
155j. Legends 14/C.
Ref.: None.
145
Doc.: None.
155k. Legends 15/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 5 (856-60); Weiser3 (237-39). The eightcoins are from
one obverse and fourreversedies.
1551. Legends 7/E.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Rev. Nike advancing 1. holdingwreath in r., palm in 1.
156. Legends 9/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Rev. Nike advancingr. on globe holdingwreathin r., palm in 1.
157a. Legends 7/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 2 (925, 928).
157b. Legends 8/C.
Ref.: S. 373a = 372c.
157c. Legends 9/C.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
Finds: Hoard 3 (919, 929-30); Weiser 1 (235).
157d. Legends 13/C.
Ref.: S. 373.
Finds: Hoard 3 (922-24, same dies).
146
Conspectus
157e. Legends 7/D.

Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
157f. Legends 8/D.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
157g. Legends 9/G.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: None.
157h. Legends 8/E.
Ref.: None.
Doc.: SNGCop 253.
Finds: None.
APPENDICES
1. A NOTE ON THE "MNCHENER
FUNDKOMPLEX"
Throughoutthe discussionit has been assumed that the lot of 932

coins underdiscussionis one componentof a largerfind(the "Mnchener Fundkomplex"), and that the whole also included a lot of 258
coins,the Klner Fundkomplex,publishedsome yearsago by Wolfram
Weiser. This conclusionis dictated by the followingconsiderations.
1. The terminiofthislot and the Weiserlot are identical:both begin
withCappadocian coinsofVespasian and end withcoins of Commodus.
2. Both containeddenarii. The lot publishedherehad a singledenarius of Domitian, the Weiser lot had two, but the combinationof
Roman and provincialissues is significant.
3. There is extensiveinterlinkageof dies, both withinand between
the two lots, and in the reign of Commodus the similarityextends
downto finedetails,i.e. some dies whichare abundantlyrepresentedin
this lot are also representedin the Weiserlot. Althoughthe die structureof the Commodancoinageremainsfarfromcomplete,the two lots
complementone another in articulatingit where eithertaken alone
would be far less informative.
4. The significantdifferences
betweenthe two lots may be explained
modern
selection
denomination.
The Weiser lot has a subby
by
stantialnumberofthe smallerdenominations,whilethe Caesarean portion of the ANS lot consistsexclusivelyof didrachms. The fact that
both lots have didrachmsof Commodusmay be explained mosteasily,
in the case of the Weiserlot, by theirphysicalsimilarityto denariiand
earlier drachms, and in the case of the ANS lot by their actual
denomination.
It is reasonableto assume that the coins describedherewereamong
thoseknownto Weiser,even ifnot in detail,and figuredin his estimate
ofthe hoard. The totalityofthe hoardas representedby the two lots is
reasonableenoughin itself;it cannotbe ruledout that otherdenominations,or even coins of otherprovincialmints,were also presentin the
147
148
Appendices
originalfind. Fortunatelythereis nothingto suggestthat this is the

case, and Weiser's estimate may provisionallystand.*
2. COINS NO LONGER ATTRIBUTABLE
TO CAESAREA
The followingtable is similarto that given by Walker,Metrology

2,
with
additional
annotation.
The
are
based
reattributions
on
a
p. 117,
combinationof metrologicalanalysis, hoard context,and types.
Sydenham
173, 175
176-78
179, 180
181
182-90
CurrentAttribution Notes and Bibliography

Not recorded from any finds.
Uncertain
Given by Walker, Metrology2,
p. 99, to Provincia Asia. S. 174,
which Walker associates with
173-75, is here listed under 58
solely on the basis of its inclusion in the Caesarea hoard.
Above, p. 83, n. 1.
Cyrene
Syria?
Only recorded find fromDuraEuropus, Walker, Metrology2,
p. 99.
The type is traditional at this
Tyre
mint.
W. E. Metcalf, "Tell Kalak,"
Arabia?
pp. 39-108, foran attributionto
Arabia; M. R. Weder, "Zu den
Arabia DrachmenTraians," SM
27 (1977), pp. 57-61, for distribution of the drachm types between Antioch and Rome.
* Therehavebeenothermultiples
inthetradesinceca. 1980,butlittletosuggest
Caesarean
withthislot. Theonlyreallycommon
thattheyareassociated
multiples
andsuchof
ofTrajanwhich
cannotyetbeassigned
arethefewtridrachms
elsewhere,
oldcoins
thancomparably
condition
theseas arein circulation
todayarein better
fromthetwolots.
3. Silver and Copper

202
203-5
206
219,220
224-27
149
Above, p. 83, n. 1.
Above, S. 182-90.
Above, S. 181.
Above, S. 182-90.
Above, S. 182-90.
Cyrene
Arabia?
Tyre
Arabia?
Arabia?
3. THE SILVER AND THE COPPER COINAGE OF CAESAREA

In the text it is asserted that there is no connectionbetween the
silverunderdiscussionand the bronze coinage of Caesarea. The most
importantevidence is that of chronology.
Ruler
Vespasian
Titus
Domitian
Nerva
Trajan
Dates
74, 75
75, 76
77, 78
78, 79
79-81
79
81
92, 93
93, 94
94, 95
Annually
96-98
98, 99
98
98/9
99/100
100/1
101/2
102/3
106/7
107/8
110/111
112-14
111/2
Caesarea Silver
7
8
1-6, 9-18
19
SydenhamCopper
98, 99
117, 118
119
20-30
31-47
131-34
135
None known
48-62
240
241
235, 242
243
244
245
246-48
249
250
63-73
251
150
Appendices
Hadrian
Antoninus
Pius'
114-16
119-28
117, 118
120, 121
121, 122
128-138
138 ( ?)
139
140-44
143/4
145/6
145-61
74-83
90, 91
84-86
87
92-115
116, 117
118-24
125
309
310-13
126-28
314
315-18
337
150/1
158/9
M. Aurelius/ 161/2
L. Veras2
162/3
163-66
164/5
M. Aurelius/ 175, 176
Commodus
Commodus 180 ( ?)
181, 182
183-85
189/90
191/2
284, 285
129-32
133-44
338, 360
361 (Veras)
145
146-54
155-57
374, 375
376
The table is sufficientto indicate the lack of chronologicalcorrelationbetweenthe silverand the bronze,3but thereare otherfeaturesas
1 In thetreatment
I
ofthecoppercoinageofAntoninus
Piusand M. Aurelius
haveignored
are in factbase
coinsS. 319,S. 335,and S. 336 whichhe suggests
tetradrachms.
2 Thebronzes
withtribunician
datesandreverse
headofZeusAmmon,
S. 339,
and S. 341-45,or maleheadwithtaenia,S. 342,are ignored.
3 Obviously
silverwasproduced
if,as suggested
here,someoftheCappadocian
is superfluous.
at Rome,thechronological
argument
4. "Ghosts"
151
well to suggestdifferent
authoritiesbehindthe coins. The bronzecoinnever
takes
over
age
any of the non-Argaeustypesfromthe silver,and
the only type unique to it beforeMarcus Aurelius - the pyramid
which appears under Trajan - never occurs on silver. It is hardly
surprisingthat the names of provincialgovernors,knownon the local
coins fromVespasian throughTrajan, never occur on the silver,and
the variationin usage on the bronzeitselfis sufficient
to indicatea lack
ofcontinuitynot characteristicofthe silver. Finally,thereis no apparent stylisticconnectionbetweenthe silver and the bronze,much less
any indicationthat the same engraverswere responsibleforthe dies.
4. "GHOSTS"
The coins cited below are all noted by Sydenham,but none has been
confirmedduringthe courseof this investigation.Most seem to result
fromerrorsof transcription.
1. Titus underVespasian, didrachm,after5b. Rev. similarto 5a but
ETOY
Ref.: S. 104.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
Sydenham cites Baldwin 34, but the coins she describes there are
whichgivesthislegendonlyfor
drachms;he misreadsthe commentary,
drachms.
2. Trajan, didrachm,after 50. Obv. A[YTOKP(?)] KAIC NEPOYAC
TPAIANOC CEBAC TEPM, head laureate r. Rev. YTTATAEYT, Mt.
Argaeus.
Ref.: S. 158.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
Sydenhamcites BMCGalatia , p. 53, 45. That coin shows no traces of
the legend given in both catalogues, and the placement of what is
legible is consistentwith the standard reading.
3. Trajan, didrachm, after 80b. Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANO)
APICT0 CEB..., bust laureate r., draped, seen from behind. Rev.
152
Appendices
AHMAPXEE YTTATO femalebust (Artemis?)1. in chiton,spear in r.,

patera in 1.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
No doubt there has been a slip in recordingthe obverse legend.
4. Hadrian, didrachm,after84. Obv. AYTO KAIC TPAI AAPIANOC
CEBACT, bust laureate r., aegis. Rev. ET A, Mt. Argaeus surmounted
by Helios standing1., globe in r., scepter in 1.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
5. Hadrian, didrachm,after113. Obv. AAPIANOC CEBACTIOC, bust
1. Rev. YPATOC T TTATHPTTATPIAOC,
Tyche standing1.,rudderin r.,
cornucopiain 1.
Ref.: S. 277a, citing ANS.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
The coin is not in the ANS. The hemidrachmS. 277b, said to be
similarbut to have no visible legend,has also been omittedfromthe
catalogue.
6. AntoninusPius, didrachm.Obv. ANTQNEINOC CEBACTOC, head
r. Rev. YnATOC A I1ATHPTTATPIAOC,club.
Ref.: S. 295 fromMionnet4, p. 415, 58.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
SydenhamhimselfdoubtedMionnes description.Without,apparently, seekingout the coin, B. Pick defendedthe realityof such readings
as vnaro A 9 (against his own earlierrejectionof the coin), pp. 19394. The piece, which Mionnet cited fromParis, is not there today.
7. AntoninusPius, didrachm,after118. Obv. ANT6)NEINOC CEBACTOC, head laureate r. Rev. YllA B TIATTATPMt. Argaeussurmounted
by Helios.
5. Concordance
153
Ref.: S. 301a, cited in Malloy's appendix, is knownonly fromSeaby,

GreekCoins and Their Values2(London, 1966), 2034, withoutfurther
reference.
Doc.: None.
Finds: None.
8. Commodus.Obv. AYT M AYPH KOMO ANTOONINOCC, head laureate r. Rev. YTTATOZT TTATTTATPI,Nike advancing 1., wreathand
palm.
Ref.: S. 369, citing BMCGalatia.
Doc.: BMCGalatia, p. 71, 206, where the legend is entirelyrestored.
Finds: None.
5. CONCORDANCE, SYDENHAM AND METCALF
Vespasian
Sydenham
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98-101 copper
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
108a
109
110
111
Metcalf
1
2
9
3
16
17
18
7
8
4
5a
12, Ghosts 1
5b
10
14
6a
6e
13
6b
6c
154
Appendices
Titus
Domitian
Nerva
Sydenham
112
113
113a
114
115
116
117-20 copper
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
130a
131-35 copper
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
149a
150
151
Metcalf
6d
11
11
15
15
19
20
21
22
23
30
24
25
26
27
28
29
31
32
37a
37b
38a
38b
39a
39b
40
35
33
36
34
41
42
43
44
5. Concordance
Trajan
Sydenham
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
162a
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
171a
172
173
174
175-90
191
192
193
194
195
195a
195b
196
196a
197
155
Metcalf
46
45
47
48
49
50a
Ghosts 2
51a
51b
51b
52
57
53
54a
54b
59a
55a
55b
60
60
56
57
61
Not Caesarea
58
Not Caesarea
65c
65d
65c
75d
64a
64d
64b
64c
64e
64b
156
Appendices
Hadrian
Sydenham
198
199
200
201
202
203
204-6
207
208
209
210
210a
211
211a
212
213
214
214a
215
216
217
218
219-20
221
222
223
224-27
228-51 copper
252
253
254
254a
255
256
257
258
Metcalf
70b
74
80b
Ghosts 3
Not Caesarea
66c
Not Caesarea
77b
76a
76a
67d
67a
77c
67c
72
63c
63c
63e
63a
69a
73a
78a
Not Caesarea
77b
77a
83b
Not Caesarea
105
102
88
89
86a
86b
85
84
157
5. Concordance
AntoninusPius
Sydenham
259
260
261
262
262a
263
263a
264
265
265a
266
266a
267
268
268a
269
270
270a
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
277a-b
278
278a
279
280
281
282
282a
283a
284-291 copper
292
Metcalf
Ghosts 4
87
90a
91a
91b
92a
106
92b
94
94
93d
93b
107
95a
95b
96d
96b
96a
108a
97
98
109
111
110
112
Ghosts 5
113b
113a
114
99
100
101
115
103
116b
158
Appendices
M. Aurelius
Sydenham
292a
292b
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
301a
301b
301c
302
303
304
304a
305-20 copper
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
327a
328
329
330
331
331a
332
333
333a
334
Metcalf
116a
116f
116c
117
Ghosts 6
118b
118c
120b
120a
121
123
Ghosts 7
125
124a
126
126
127a
127b
129a
129c
129b
129h
129f
129f
130a
130g ?
130b
130d
130f
130f
130a
130b
137
134
133
5. Concordance
L. Verus
Commodus
Sydenham
335-50 copper
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
358a-61 copper
362
363
364
365
366
366a
367
368
369
369a
370
370a
370b
370c
371
372"
372b
372c
373
373a
373c-386 copper
159
Metcalf
131f
131a
132d
132a
132b
132c
132d
132a
138a
140
142a-b
145b
148d
148b
148f
149a
149c, Ghosts 8
152b
152c
146c
Not confirmed
152a
Not confirmed
155f
155i
157b
157d
157b
INDICES
Referencesthroughoutare to numbersin the conspectusonly. Each

entryin the conspectusmakes furtherreferenceto coins in the Caesarea hoard.
1. OBVERSE LEGENDS
AAPIANOC CEBACTOC
92-102, 106-15 (Hadrian).
ANTONINOC CEBACTOC
124 (AntoninusPius).
AY M AYP KOMO ANTNEINOC CE
146c, 147b, 150 (Commodus).
AY MAP AYP KOM ANTOMMEINOCCEB
147a, 151, 153, 154a
(Commodus).
AYT KAI AOMIT CEBACTOC TEPM AOMITIA CEBACTH
28, 29
(Domitian and Domitia).
AYT KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOC TEPM
20-27, 30 (Domitian).
AYT KAI NEPOYAC TPAIANOC CEBAC TEPM
48, 50-52 (Trajan).
AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM
53-62 (Trajan).
AYT KAIC TPAIAN AAPIANOC CEB
90, 91 (Hadrian).
AYT KAICAP TIT YIOC CEBACTOY OYECTTACI 14 (Titus under
Vespasian).
155k (Commodus).
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTWNEINOC
145a (Commodus).
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTOONEINOCCE
146b (Commodus).
AYT M AYP KOMO ANT0
155j (Commodus).
AYT M AYP KOMO ANT0NI
145c, 155i, 157d (Commodus).
155h (Commodus).
155g (Commodus).
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINO CE
148e, 149i (Commodus).
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONINOC
145b, 148d, 149b, 149h, 149j,
155b, 155f, 156, 157c, 157g (Commodus).
161
162
Indices
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTCNINOCC

148c, 149d, 149g, 152b,
155a, 155e, 157b, 157f, 157h (Commodus).
AYT M AYP KOMO ANTONI NOC CE
148b, 149a, 149f, 152a,
152c, 155d, 1551, 157a, 157e (Commodus).
AYT M AYPH KOMO ANTWNINOC C
146a, 149c, 154c (Commodus).
49 (Trajan).
AYT TPAIANOC CEB AHM EH YTTATB
10 (Titus under
AYTO KAI OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOY YIOC
Vespasian)
84-89 (Hadrian).
AYTO KAIC TPAl AAPIANOC CEBACT
155c (Commodus).
AYTO M AYP KOMO ANTWNINOC
148a, 149e, 154b (Commodus).
133-37 (Marcus Aurelius with
AYTOKP ANTONEINO CEB
Commodus).
120-30 (Marcus Aurelius with
AYTOKP ANTWNEINOC CEB
Lucius Verus).
AYTOKP ANTWNEINOC CEBACTOC
116-23, 125-28 (Antoninus
Pius).
AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM AAK
63-67, 69-72
(Trajan).
AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANO) APICTO) CEB TEPM AAK
74-78,
80-83 (Trajan).
131-32 (Lucius Verus).
AYTOKP OYHPOC CEBACTOC
16-18 (Vespasian).
AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECTTACIANOCCEBA
AYTOKPA KAICAP OYECTTACIANOC CEBACTOC
1-9, 12-13
(Vespasian).
AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC
31-35, 44-45
(Nerva).
AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC TEPM
36, 46, 47
(Nerva).
T
AYTOKPA NEPOYAC KAICAPCEBACTOC YTTAT
37b, 38b, 39b,
40 (Nerva).
AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YTTATI"
37a, 38a,
39a (Nerva).
41-43
AYTOKPAT NEPOYAC KAICAP CEBACTOC YTTAT A
(Nerva).
AYTOKPATPTITOC KAICAP CEBA
19 (Titus).
2. Reverse Legends
163
15 (Domitian under
AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEBACTOY YIOC
Vespasian).
11 (Domitian under
KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOY YIO
Vespasian).
KOMMOA60KAI CEB YI6)
138a-b, 142 (Commoduswith Marcus
Aurelius).
KOMMOAO) KAIC CEB YIO)
139-41, 143, 144 (Commodus with
Marcus Aurelius).
CEBACTOC AAPIANOC
103-5 (Hadrian).
IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC
79 (Trajan).
IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P
68 (Trajan).
2. REVERSE
LEGENDS
Anepigraphic 16-18 (Vespasian), 19 (Titus), 20 (Domitian), 88-89

(Hadrian).
AYTO KAI OYECTTACIANOCCEBACTOY YIOC
4 (Vespasian).
TEPMAN CAPMAT
144
138-41,
(Commodus with Marcus
Aurelius).
AHM EE YTTATB
53-57, 59-62 (Trajan).
AHM Ei YTTATI"
62? (Trajan).
AHMAPX EH YTTATT
90, 91 (Hadrian).
AHMAPX EH YTTATO
63-83 (Trajan).
AHMOY EAEY
37a-b, 41 (Nerva).
AOMETIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET
6d (Vespasian).
AOMITIA CEBACTH
27 (Domitian).
AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB Yl ET
6b, 13 (Vespasian).
AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET
6a (Vespasian).
AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEBA Yl ET
6e (Vespasian).
AOMITTIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET
6c (Vespasian).
ET A
84-86 (Hadrian).
ET E
87 (Hadrian).
ETO ir
21-26, 28-30 (Domitian).
ETOYC EKTOY
7 (Vespasian).
ETOYC EBAOMOY
8 (Vespasian).
EY0HNIA CEBACTH ET
15 (Domitian under Vespasian).
EYCEBEIA
116a-e (AntoninusPius).
164
Indices
EOC NEPOYAC TTATHPTPAIANOY CEBACTOY

48 (Trajan).
EOC NEPOYAC CEBACTOC
49 (Trajan).
NIKH CEBACTH
1, 2, 9 (Vespasian); 10 (Titus under Vespasian).
NIKH CEBACTH ET
14 (Titus under Domitian).
OMON CTPAT
31, 38a-b, 42 (Nerva).
11 (Domitian under Vespasian).
OMONOIA CEB
TTATHPTTATPIYTTATOCTO T
104 (Hadrian).
TTATHPriATPIAOC
3 (Vespasian).
TTPONOIA 117 (AntoninusPius).
CAPMAT TEPMAN
142-43 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).
TITOC AYTOKPATQP KAICAP ET
5b (Vespasian).
12 (Vespasian).
TITOC AYTOKPATQP KAICAP ETOY
TITOC AYTOKPATQP KAICAP ETOYC
5a (Vespasian).
TYXH CEBACTOY
43
32, 39a-b,
(Nerva).
YTTATTATTTATPIAOC 102 (Hadrian).
YTTATB TTATTATP 124a (AntoninusPius).
YTTATB TTATTTATP 124b (AntoninusPius).
YTTATAEYT
50-52 (Trajan).
YTTATOCB
118-22 (AntoninusPius), 131-132 (Lucius Verus).
YTTATOCB TTATTTATP 123 (AntoninusPius).
YTTATOC r
125 (Antoninus Pius); 129-30, 133-37 (Marcus
Aurelius).
YTTATOCr TTATTATPIAOC 149j (Commodus).
YTTATOCr TTATTTAT 146b-c, 147a-b, 152c (Commodus).
YTTATOCr TTATTTATP 151 (Commodus).
YTTATOC r TTAT TTATPI 148a-f, 149e-i, 150, 152b, 154b
(Commodus).
YTTATOCr TTATTTATPIA 146a, 149d (Commodus).
YTTATOC r nAT TTATPIAOC 149a-c, 152a, 153, 154a
(Commodus).
YTTATOCr TTATHPnAT
92a-b, 106 (Hadrian).
YTTATOCr TTATHPTTATP 93-98, 107-9 (Hadrian).
YTTATOCr TTATHPTTATPIAOC 99-101, 110-15 (Hadrian).
1551 (Commodus).
YTTATOCA nAT nA
157h (Commodus).
YnATOC A nAT nAT
YnATOC A nAT nATP
126, 128 (Antoninus Pius); 157e-f
(Commodus).
YnATOC A nAT nATPI
155c-k, 156, 157a-d (Commodus).
3. Obverse Types
165
YTTATOCA TTATnATT
157g (Commodus).
YT1ATOC A nAT nATPIAOC
127a (Antoninus Pius); 155a-b
(Commodus).
YTTATOCA TTATHPnATPIAOC
127b (AntoninusPius).
YTTATOCnAT nATPIAOC
145a-c (Commodus).
YnATOC TO r nATHP nATPI
103, 105 (Hadrian).
YnATOY TETAPTOY
44-47 (Nerva).
YnATOY TPITOY
33-36, 40 (Nerva).
3. OBVERSE TYPES
Unless otherwisenoted, the head or bust is that of the emperor.
Head r.: 116a, 118a, 119a, 120a, 122 (AntoninusPius); 129a, 130a
(Marcus AureliuswithLucius Verus); 131a, 132a (Lucius Verus).
Head laureate 1.: 103-5 (Hadrian).
Head laureate r.: 1-9, 12-13, 16-18 (Vespasian); 10, 14 (Titus under
Vespasian); 11, 15 (Domitian underVespasian); 19 (Titus); 20-30
(Domitian); 31-47 (Nerva); 48, 49, 50a, 51a, 52, 53, 54a, 55a,
56-58, 59a, 60-62, 76c (Trajan); 91a, 92a, 93a, 94, 95a, 96a,
97-101, 106, 107, 108a, 110, 111, 113, 115 (Hadrian); 116b,
118b, 119b, 120b, 121, 123-28 (AntoninusPius); 129b, 130b
(Marcus Aureluswith Lucius Verus); 131b, 132b (Lucius Verus);
145-146, 149, 152-57 (Commodus).
Head (of Domitian) laureate r. facing bust of Domitia 1., draped,
wearingStephane:28, 29.
Bust r., draperyon 1. shoulder:116c, 119c, 120c (AntoninusPius);
129c, 130c (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius Verus).
Bust r., draped: 116d, 117 (AntoninusPius); 141a (Commoduswith
Marcus Aurelius).
Bust r., draped, seen frombehind: 131c, 132c (Lucius Verus).
Bust (of Domitia) r., draped, wearingStephane:27.
Bust r., cuirassed,seen frombehind:129e, 130e (MarcusAureliuswith
Lucius Verus); 131d, 132d (Lucius Verus).
Bust r.,draped,cuirassed:140, 141a, 142b, 143, 144 (Commoduswith
Marcus Aurelius).
166
Indices
Bust r., draped, cuirassed, seen frombehind: 129g, 130g (Marcus

Aurelius with Lucius Verus); 131f, 132e (Lucius Verus); 138b,
139, 141b, 144 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).
Bust laureater., draperyon 1. shoulder:55b, 59b, 63a, 64a, 65a, 66a,
67a, 69a, 70a, 71a, 73a, 74a, 75a, 76a, 77a, 78a, 82a (Trajan);
84, 85, 86a, 87-89, 90b, 91b, 92b, 95b, 96b, 108b (Hadrian);
116e, 118c, 119d, 120d (AntoninusPius); 129d, 130d (Marcus
Aureliuswith Lucius Verus); 147, 148, 150, 151 (Commodus).
Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder,aegis: 63b, 64b, 65b, 66b,
67b, 73b, 74b, 77a (Trajan); 93b, 96c (Hadrian).
Bust laureate r., ciurassed: 74c, 75b, 82c (Trajan).
Bust laureater., cuirassed,seen frombehind:129f, 130f (MarcusAurelius with Lucius Verus); 131e, 132f (Lucius Verus).
Bust laureate r., draped: 54b, 69b, 78b, 80a, 83a (Trajan); 90a, 91c,
96d, 112, 114 (Hadrian); 116f (AntoninusPius).
Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind: 63c, 64c, 65c, 66c, 67c,
70b, 71b, 72, 74d, 75c, 76b, 77b, 78c, 80b, 81a, 82b, 83b
(Trajan).
Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind,globe beneath: 63e, 64e,
65e, 66e, 67d (Trajan).
Bust laureate r., draped,cuirassed:73c, 74e, 75d, 77c, 81b, 82c, 83c
(Trajan); 86b, 90c, 93c, 109 (Hadrian).
Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind:50b, 51b, 63d,
64d, 65d, 66d, 68, 71A, 79: (Trajan); 108c (Hadrian); 119e
(Antoninus Pius); 129h, 130h (Marcus Aurelius with Lucius
Verus); 133-37 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).
Bust r., radiate, draped: 93d (Hadrian).
Bust (of youthfulmale) r., radiate, draped, club over shoulder:102
(Hadrian).
4. REVERSE
TYPES
Altar, garlanded,with three grain stalks: 133 (Marcus Aureliuswith

Commodus);138 (Commodus with Marcus Aurelius).
Amazon bust 1., long curls on neck, bipennis over r. shoulder: 34
(Nerva).
Apollo standing 1., olive branch in r., bow and arrow in 1.: 65, 75
(Trajan).
4. Reverse Types
167
Athena, see also temple, hexastyle.

Athenastandingr., owl in r., spear in 1.:23, 30 (Domitian); 28 (Domitian and Domitia).
Athena standing r., head 1., Nike in r., shield on ground in 1.: 115
(Hadrian).
Bust 1., spear held uprightin r., patera in 1.: 22 (Domitian).
Bust 1., spear held uprightin r., patera in 1., above, thunderbolt:21
(Domitian).
Bust of youthfulmale r., draped, club over shoulder:102 (Hadrian).
Clasped hands holdingstandardon prow: 31, 38, 42 (Nerva); 56, 61,
71A, 77, 83 (Trajan).
Club, handle at top: 24 (Domitian); 33, 36, 45, 47 (Nerva); 52, 57, 62
(Trajan); 85, 98, 99, 103 (Hadrian); 127 (AntoninusPius); 137
(Marcus Aurelius with Commodus); 142, 143 (Commodus with
Marcus Aurelius).
Club, handle at top, to 1., star: 100 (Hadrian).
Club, handle at top, to 1., crescent;to r., star: 154 (Commodus).
Club handle at top, to 1., star; to r., crescent:101 (Hadrian); 153
(Commodus).
Club, handle at bottom: 63, 69, 73, 78 (Trajan).
Domitia bust r., draped, wearingStephane:27 (Domitian).
Domitian head laureate r., facingbust of Domitia draped 1., wearing
Stephane27 (Domitian).
Domitian togate standing1., olive branch in r.: 6, 13 (Vespasian).
Eagle standingfront,head 1.: 114 (Hadrian).
Eagle standingfronton club, head r.: 140 (Commodus with Marcus
Aurelius).
Eagle standingfronton club, head 1.: 141 (Commodus with Marcus
Aurelius).
Eagle standing1., head r.: 136a (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).
Eagle standingr., head 1.: 136b (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).
Eirene standing1., grain stalks in r., scepter in 1.: 60 (Trajan).
Eleutheria standing1., pileus in r., rod in 1.: 37, 41 (Nerva); 54, 59
(Trajan).
Emperor,holdinglaurel branch and scepter,standingin quadriga r.:
20 (Domitian).
Eusebeia standing1., raisingr. over altar, 1. covered by peplos: 116
(AntoninusPius).
168
Indices
Euthenia seated r., holding two grain stalks: 15 (Domitian under

Vespasian).
Female bust (Artemis?)1. in chiton,spear in r., patera in 1:64, 70, 74,
80 (Trajan).
Female bust (Hera ?) 1. wearingheaddress,shortscepterin each hand:
58 (Trajan).
Female figure:see temple, hexastyle.
Homonoia seated 1., patera in r., scepter in 1.: 11 (Domitian under
Vespasian).
Male figurebearded, helmetedin militarydress,standingfront,head
r., spear in r., shield in 1.: 51 (Trajan).
Male figurestanding1.,spear in 1.,shieldon groundin r.: 134 (Marcus
Aureliuswith Commodus); see also temple.
Mt. Argaeus: 122 (AntoninusPius).
Mt. Argaeus,Helios on summit,radiate,standing1.,globe in r., scepter
in 1.: 3, 7, 8, 16 (Vespasian); 26 (Domitian); 35, 40, 44, 46
(Nerva); 50, 55 (Trajan); 84, 90-93, 106, 107 (Hadrian); 118-20,
123, 126, 128 (Antoninus Pius); 129 (Marcus Aurelius); 131
(Lucius Verus); 144 (Commoduswith Marcus Aurelius);146, 147
(Commodus).
Mt. Argaeus, star in exergue: 124 (AntoninusPius).
Mt. Argaeus, to 1., star; to r., crescent:94 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby crescent:104 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star: 95 (Hadrian); 121, 125 (Antoninus
Pius); 130 (Marcus Aurelius);132 (Lucius Verus); 145, 148, 155
(Commodus).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby star, to 1. and r., stars: 96 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby three stars: 108 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus surmountedby wreath: 97 (Hadrian).
Mt. Argaeus of varyingdesign,generallygrottoat bottomcontaining
cult stone, flanked by two pyramidal objects; at top, second
grotto,sometimeswithflame;treeson slopes of mountain:67, 68,
71, 76, 81 (Trajan).
Nerva head laureate r.: 48, 49 (Trajan).
Nike advancingr., wreathin r., palm in 1.: 1, 2, 9 (Vespasian); 10, 14,
17 (Titus underVespasian); 19 (Titus); 25, 29 (Domitian); 72, 82
(Trajan); 86-88, 109 (Hadrian) ; 151 (Commodus).
Nike advancing1.,wreathin r., palm in 1.: 149, 150, 156 (Commodus).
4. Reverse Types
169
Nike advancingr. on globe,wreathin r., palm in 1.:152, 157 (Commodus).

Nike seated r. on globe, wreath in lap: 18 (Vespasian).
Nike standingr., foot on step, inscribingshield: 89 (Hadrian).
Pronoia standing 1., resting1. elbow on column, spear in 1., at feet
globe: 117 (AntoninusPius).
Temple, tetrastyle,withinTyche standing1., rudderin r., cornucopia
in 1.: 110, 111 (Hadrian).
Temple,tetrastyle,withinhelmetedmale figurestanding1.,spear in 1.,
shield on ground in r.: 135 (Marcus Aurelius with Commodus).
Temple, hexastyle, on podium of three steps, within female figure
standing1., spear in 1., shield on groundin r. : 139 (Commodus).
Titus, head laureate r.: 4 (Vespasian).
Titus in militarydress standing1., spear in r., sword and paludamentum in 1.: 5, 12 (Vespasian).
Tyche standing1.,rudderin r., cornucopiain 1.:32, 39, 43 (Nerva); 53,
66 (Trajan); 105, 112, 113 (Hadrian). See also temple.
KEY
TO
PLATES
52-54
Plate 52
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Drachm of Vespasian, A.D. 75. ANS 1944.100.57798.3.28 g

Drachm of Vespasian, A.D. 76. ANS 1944.100.57803. 3.40 g
Drachm of Vespasian, undated. ANS 1944.100.57795.3.39 g
Drachm of Titus Caesar, undated. ANS 1944.100.58059.3.41 g
Drachm of Domitian Caesar, undated, ANS 1944.100.57840.
3.14g
12.
Drachm of Vespasian, A.D. 77-78. ANS 1944.100.57818.3.42 g
14.
Drachm of Titus Caesar, A.D. 77-78. ANS 1944.100.58062.
3.41 g
17.
Hemidrachm of Vespasian, undated. ANS 1944.100.57804.
1.63 g
19.
Hemidrachmof Titus, A.D. 79-81. ANS 1944.100.58056.1.78 g.
21.
Didrachmof Domitian,A.D. 92-93. ANS 1944.100.58299.6.94 g
27.
Didrachm of Domitian, undated (A.D. 92-93). Glendining
(Woodward), 27 Sept. 1962, 375
28.
Didrachm of Domitian and Domitia, A.D. 92-93. Glendining
(Woodward), 27 Sept. 1962, 376
29.
Didrachm of Domitian, A.D. 92-93. ANS 1989.118.1 6.64 g
30.
Drachm of Domitian, A.D. 92-93. ANS 1944.100.57841.3.32 g
32.
Didrachm of Nerva, undated. ANS 1944.100.58080. 6.87 g
33.
Didrachm of Nerva, A.D. 97. ANS 1944.100.58063.6.84 g
35.
Didrachm of Nerva, A.D. 97. ANS 1990.39.4. 5.80 g
37b. Didrachm of Nerva, A.D. 97. ANS 1944.100.58086. 6.88 g
38a. Didrachm of Nerva, A.D. 97. ANS 1944.100.58096. 6.79 g
Plate 53
39a. Didrachm of Nerva, A.D. 97. ANS 1944.100.58091.6.90 g
172
48.
59a.
61.
62.
69a.
70a.
79.
84.
85.
86a.
86b.
88.
89.
91a.
91b.
95a.
99.
Didrachm of Trajan and Divus Nerva, A.D. 98-99. ANS

1944.100.58301.6.90 g
Drachm of Trajan, A.D. 98-99. ANS 1944.100.61923.3.23 g
Drachm of Trajan, A.D. 98-99. ANS 1984.44.2 3.25 g
Hemidrachmof Trajan, A.D. 98-99. Private collection
Drachm of Trajan, A.D. 112-16. ANS 1941.131.970. 3.39 g
Hemidrachmof Hadrian, 120-21. ANS 1944.100.59448.1.93 g
Hemidrachm of Hadrian, undated (A.D. 120-22). ANS
1944.100.59038. 1.74 g
Hemidrachm of Hadrian, undated (A.D. 120-22). ANS
1944.100.59039. 1.90 g
Drachm of Hadrian, A.D. 128-38. ANS 1944.100.59447.3.02 g
Didrachm of Hadrian, A.D. 128-38. ANS 1944.100.59440.
6.49 g
6.00g
Plate 54
103.

5.09g
104.
Didrachm of Hadrian, A.D. 128-38. ANS. 1917.11.2. 5.81 g
106.
Didrachm of Hadrian, A.D. 128-38. ANS 1990.39.1. 3.34 g
113a. Drachm of Hadrian, A.D. 128-38. ANS 1944.100.59049.3.59 g
115.
116a. Didrachm of Antoninus Pius, undated (A.D. 138?). ANS
1944.100.59457.6.39 g
116b. Didrachm of Antoninus Pius, undated (A.D. 138?). ANS
1944.100.59455.6.26 g
116d. Didrachm of Antoninus Pius, undated (A.D. 138?). ANS
1944.100.59456.6.46 g
173
119a.
Drachm of AntoninusPius, A.D. 139. ANS 1944.100.59461.

2.99 g
124b. Didrachm of AntoninusPius, A.D. 139. ANS 1944.100.59452.
6.24 g
135. Tridrachmof Marcus Aurelius,A.D. 175-76. ANS 1981.787.1.
9.95 g
140.
Tridrachmof CommodusCaesar, A.D. 175-76. ANS 1993.8.1.
10.27 g
141a. Tridrachmof CommodusCaesar,A.D. 175-76. ANS 1992.153.1.
9.17g.
141b. Tridrachmof CommodusCaesar, A.D. 175-76. ANS 1989.66.1.
7.34 g
144.
Didrachmof CommodusCaesar, A.D. 175-76. ANS 1992.153.3.
6.47 g
154c. Didrachm of Commodus,A.D. 181-8. ANS 1992.153.2. 4.40 g
PLATES
Plate 1
Vespasian
Plate 2
Vespasian
Plate 3
Vespasian, 38-52; Domitian, 53-57
Plate 4
Domitian
Plate 5
Domitian
Plate 6
Domitian
Plate 7
Domitian
Plate 8
Domitian
Plate 9
Nerva, 151-60; Trajan, 161-68
Plate 10
Trajan
Plate 11
Trajan
Plate 12
Trajan
Plate 13
Trajan
Plate 14
Trajan
Plate 15
Trajan
Plate 16
Trajan
Plate 17
Trajan
Plate 18
Trajan
Plate 19
Trajan
Plate 20
Trajan
Plate 21
Trajan
Plate 22
Trajan
Plate 23
Trajan
Plate 24
Plate 25
Plate 26
Trajan
Plate 27
Plate 28
Plate 29
Antonius Pius, 528-32; M. Aurelius,533-44
Plate 30
M. Aurelius
Plate 31
M. Aurelius
Plate 32
M. Aurelius
Plate 33
M. Aurelius
Plate 34
Plate 35
Plate 36
Plate 37
Plate 38
Plate 39
Lucius Vrus
Plate 40
Plate 41
Plate 42
Plate 43
Plate 44
Plate 45
Commodus
Plate 46
Plate 47
Plate 48
Plate 49
Plate 50
Plate 51
Commodus,914-31; Denarius of Domitian, 932
Plate 52
ConspectusCoins
Plate 53
Conspectus Coins
Plate 54
/';-=09
)(8*=-0/']

The Silver Coinage of Cappadocia, Vespasian-Commodus / by William E. Metcalf

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The Silver Coinage of Cappadocia, Vespasian-Commodus / by William E. Metcalf

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NUMISMATIC

CATALOGUE OF THE HOARD

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus

Marcus Aurelius and Commodus

ROME AND THE CAPPADOCIAN COINAGE

CONSPECTUS OF CAESAREAN SILVER COINAGE ...

Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus

Marcus Aurelius and Commodus

1. A Note on the "MnchenerFundkomplex,,

5. Concordance,Sydenham and Metcalf

KEY TO PLATES 52-54

This publicationhas been long in preparationbut it would not have

M. Amandry"Rome et Caesare,didrachmede drachme

Bibliography and Abbreviations

W. E. Gwatkin,Cappadocia as a Roman Procuratorial

Bibliography and Abbreviations

A. Negev, "Notes on Some Trajanic Drachmsfromthe

Bibliography and Abbreviations

W. Weiser,"Ein Teil einesumfangreichen

mint'sown practiceto indicatethat sometimesthe obverse,sometimes

Partial List of Coins in Trade since Weiser 1984

2: 4 Oct. 1988, 340 (didrachmof M. Aurelius,rev. Mt. Argaeus);346

VESPASIAN, A.D. 69-79

Obv./Rev. Weight Axis

Obv. of 28 (Nike), 29 (Nike).

Rev.B. NIKH C6BACTH

Rev. B2. Nike, on elongatedbase flyingr. wreathin r., palm in 1.

Rev. C. TITOC AYTOKPATOJPKAICAP ETOYC 0. Titus standing

Rev. D. AOMITIANOC KAICAP CEB YIO ET 0, Domitian, togate,

DOMITIAN, A.D. 81-96

Obv, AYT KAI AOMITIANOC CEBACTOC TEPM. Head laureate r.

Obv. of64, 98 (club), 129, 130 (Nike).

Rev. D. Club, handle at top.

Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena), 129, 130

Rev. E. Anepigraphic. Domitian in quadriga r., holding laurel

Dies of 130. Obv. of 64, 65 (Athena),

Obv. of 147. Rev. of 143-45, 148,

NERVA, A.D. 96-98

Rev. Eleutheria standing 1., pileus in r., rod in 1.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.

Obv. Head laureate r.

Obv. of 164 (Mt. Argaeus), 167 (male

Obv. AYT KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM

Obv. of 189 (Tyche).

Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyon 1. shoulder.

Obv. Head laureate r.

Obv. of 179 (Mt. Argaeus). Rev. of

Rev. C. Tyche standing 1., rudder in r., cornucopia in 1.

Obv. of 171 (Mt. Argaeus).

Rev. D. Club, handle at top.

Obv. of 191 (Tyche).

Rev. E. Clasped hands holding standard on prow.

Rev. F. Similarbut AHMAPXEHYIIAT B. Female bust (Hera?) 1.,

Obv. AYTOKPA KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB TEPM AAK

Obv. Bust laureate r., draperyoil 1. shoulder,aegis.

of 213. Rev. of 202, 216.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind.

Rev. of 202, 212.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, cuirassed,seen frombehind.

Dies of 226. Rev. of 214.

Obv. Bust laureate r., draped, seen frombehind, globe beneath.

Obv. of 231. Rev. of 222.

Dies of 233. Rev. of 223, 232.