Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
INDIA STATUS,
EMERGING TREND AND
CHALLENGES
Kaushik Chandrashekar
Praveen GP
Samip Khandelwal
Submitted By
PGP 18 Section B Group 3
PGP/18/082
PGP/18/099
PGP/18/104
Shahinsha S
Vineet Prashant Toppo
PGP/18/107
PGP/18/116
Global Comparison
Comparative Picture
Major Challenges
1) Budget allocation for Research saw series of deferment:
Science and Technology Policy of 2003, unveiled by then PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee,
declared that the country's investment in s&t would be raised to at least two per cent of
GDP by the end of the Tenth Plan (2002-07). But in January 2007, Dr. Singh,
inaugurating the Science Congress held at Chidambaram in Tamil Nadu, pushed the
timeline for achieving that goal to the next five years. Again in 2012 it was postponed
by another 5 years.
Expenditure - India - 0.9% of GDP in 2006
- China - 1.4% of GDP in 2006
The bulk of India's research funding continues to flow from the government. However,
such funding as a proportion of the country's total R&D expenditure has fallen from over
80 per cent in 1990-91 to 66 per cent in 2007-08
2) Flimsy Infrastructural Support and Absence of Equipment
System lacking populist political themes that promises to deliver education at all levels to
the masses.
3) Out-dated Educational System
4) Brain drain Scenario
Lack of quality higher education prompts, good infrastructure and favourable policies
prompts Indian students and researchers to seek opportunities in other countries.
5) Research and Teaching
Indian Universities were organized as examination-oriented bodies with affiliated
colleges. Significant research did not take place in them. Separate Institutes were created
to undertake research which The National Knowledge Commission strenuously opposed
it.
6) Science and Engineering
We Indians became enamoured with engineering and other professional courses. Possibly
due to the fact that it provides immediate employment.
7) Courage and Curiosity
C V Raman said that there is nothing intrinsically inferior with the quality of the Indian
mind when compared to that of a Teuton or an Anglo-Saxon. Rather, he added that what
inhibits us is the lack of a certain courage that would allow us to explore unusual
avenues.
Government Initiatives
1) Innovation Councils
The National Innovation Council, India To prepare a Roadmap for inclusive Innovation
for the decade 2010-2020 under the chairmanship of Sam Pitroda. It creates a framework for
Technology development Board The board provides financial assistance in the form of
equity soft loans or grants
Tax breaks for R&D Initiatives A significant R&D tax incentives in India is a 200%
accelerated deduction on scientific research expenditure incurred by an in-house R&D
facility (Biotechnology, Manufacturing, etc.)
DSIR:
Policy Measures
India
110
$3.53
China
633
$12.15
Sweden
5171
$1104.2
Japan
5085
$976.2
USA
4526
$962.5
France
3134
$552.08
Singapore
4352
$475.52
What India needs to do to attract and retain best talents for R&D?
Indian Innovation
Case 1: Break Through Innovations #1: Case of J.K. Tripathy
Tackled
Constables directly contacted Tripathy instead of Station House Officers (SHOs) who used
passive-aggression methods. Tripathy contacted SHOs.
260 constables screened and interviewed personally and divided into those who could related to
diverse population and those who could be in a rough (slum) environment.
Created a beat system 4 beat officers responsible for a locality and gave them walkie-talkies
and did not have to report to police station for roll call. One of them have to be present and it was
up to them to decide who would be present when. Middle-level cops supervised them randomly.
Result
Beat officers gained respect from the community and invited them for weddings, family
gatherings etc.
Beat officers given more responsibilities and power to make decisions than the sub-inspectors
who supervised them and intervened as per need.
Total crimes reported declined from 11,289 in 1999 to 8005 in 2000 and after 7 years number
of crimes are below the 1999 mark.
Police performance in crime detection registered a steady increase from 78% prior to 1999 to
86% in 2000 followed by 94% in 2004
Result:
Only 30% of the patients pay for the treatment and rest go free of charge and yet the hospitals
makes 35% operating profit.
Field Visit
A visit to NIT Calicut R&D lab was made with the intention of finding out about state of R&D and
innovation promotion in a premier institute.
Key Observations
Positives
Sufficient number of equipment are available for use by the researchers and students.
Being a premier institute, there is ample government funding for R&D activities and lab
equipment.
Negatives
Industry tie-up is very less. Very few projects were mentioned which were taken up in
collaboration with the industry. Industry-Academia relationship is not strong which does not
promote strong market driven R&D culture in Academia.
Government backed projects are not lucrative. Due to bureaucratic red tape, several government
projects are sanctioned after long delays which renders the R&D useless and researchers are not
incentivized.
Stipend for Research scholars is not attractive, however, professors/scientists are amply paid.
Leakage of funds.
Key Learning
Barring IITs/NITs, fund allocation for R&D is very less compared to China, US, etc.
Funds allocated for projects should be monitored to check for leakages and improper use.
Industry-Academia interaction should be increased through alumni, MoU, etc. IndustryAcademia interaction with promote research to be market driven thus chances of research bearing
profits improves.
Conclusion:
Government investment in R&D is minimal when compared to other countries like US and
China.
Decrease in the amount of money invested by government in comparison with private sector