TERMINOLOGI

POLA TUBUH HEWAN

1. Caput Truncus Cauda Extremitas
2. Caput Cervix Truncus Cauda Extremitas
3. Caput Cervix Truncus (Thorax Abdomen) Cauda Extremitas

POLA EXTREMITAS
1. Hewan tanpa extremitas
2. Hewan dengan dua extremitas
Extremitas superior
Extremitas inferior
3. Hewan dengan empat extremitas
Extremitas anterior
Extremitas posterior

BIDANG KHAYAL
Untuk menentukan letak suatu organ diperlukan bidang khayal
1. Bidang Transversal
Membagi tubuh menjadi anterior/superior dan posterior/inferior
2. Bidang median
Membagi tubuh menjadi dexter dan sinester
3. Bidang Frontal
Membagi tubuh menjadi dorsales dan ventrales

PENGGUNAAN ISTILAH
1.

Akhiran al berarti ke arah

Contoh: Dorsal, Ventral
2. Akhiran es atau is berarti di daerah
Contoh: Dorsalis, Ventralis
3. Akhiran i biasanya berarti jamak
Contoh: Musculus Musculi, Porus Pori

TERMINOLOGY OF ANATOMY

To be clear and accurate with descriptions of body parts, we have

to use terms that leave no doubt as to their meaning.
Terms such as up, down, above below, and beside are not very
useful because they depend on the orientation of the animal
(upright, on its side, on its back, etc.).
If an animal is lying on its left side, is its right lung above its left
lung or beside it ?
If the animal stands up, what is the relationship between the lungs
then?

Basic anatomical terminology is based on imaginary slices, called

planes, through the animal body that can be used as points or
areas of reference and on sets of directional terms that have
opposite meanings from each other.

There are four anatomical planes of reference, two of which are

variations of each other.
Each plane is an imaginary slice through the body that is oriented
at right angles to the other two.

THE FOUR REFERENCE PLANES

1. Sagittal plane:
A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into
left and right parts that are not necessarily equal halves.
2. Median plane:
A special kind of sagittal plane that runs down the center of
the body length wise and divides it into equal left and right
halves. It is also known as a mid sagittal plane
3. Transverse plane:
A plane as the body that divides it into cranial (head-end)
and caudal (tail-end) parts that are not necessarily equal.
4. Dorsal plane:
A plane at right angles to the sagittal and Transverse
planes. It divides the body into dorsal (toward the back) and
ventral (toward the belly) parts that are not necessarily
equal. In humans this plane is called the frontal plane

If we learn terminology we have to know

1. The name of the organ
2. The position
3. The direction
Base on that above we can know the terminology.
For example : The name of organ is cranium so the term base on the
position is cranialis, its
mean the position of the object is at cranium area. The term base on the
direction is cranial, its mean the direction of the object is toward the
cranium

Direction

Animal

Human

Indonesian

Indiduals left
Individuals right
Toward the head
Toward the tail

Sinestral
dextral
cranial
caudal

sinestral
dextral
superior
inferior

ke arah kiri
ke arah kanan
ke arah kepala
ke arah ekor

Toward the back

dorsal

Toward the belly

Toward the centre
of the body

ventral
Internal

posterior ke arah punggung

anterior
Internal

ke arah perut
ke arah dalam

Direction

Animal

Human

Indonesian

Toward the median

plane
Away the median
plane
Toward the tip of the
nose
Toward the surface
of the body
Toward the body
extremity
Away from the body
extremity

medial

medial

ke arah tengah

lateral

lateral

ke arah samping

rostral

nasal

ke arah hidung

superficial

superficial

proximal

proximal

ke arah
permukaan
ke arah dekat

distal

distal

ke arah jauh

TERMINOLOGY OF ORGAN
Organ

Anatomic term

Indonesian term

head

caput

kepala

eye

Organa visus

mata

ear

Organa auditus

telinga

mouth

Oris

mulut

Tounge

lingua

lidah

Tooth

dentis

gigi

neck

cervix

leher

Organ

Anatomic term

Indonesian
term
dada

cest

thorax

breast

Glandula
mammae
venter

payudara

Extremitas
superior
Extremitas
inferior
patela

lengan

Stomach /
belly
hand
foot
knee

perut

kaki
lutut