Elex 1-5

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS
CHAPTER 01
#
Electronics Principle By Malvino
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
A rule that relates quantities.
Formula
2)
Are formulas that a researcher creates and based on

scientific observation.
3)
It summarizes a relationship that already exists in

nature.
4)
A formula that we can get other formulas.
5)
Sometimes called the first approximation, is the

simplest approximation equivalent circuit for a
device.
6)
Adds one or more components to the ideal

approximation.
7)
Produces a load that is constant.
8)
Produces a constant load current for different load

resistances.
dc Current Source
9)
A current source whose internal resistance is at least

100 times larger than the load resistance.
Stiff Current Source
10)
A statement that we can prove mathematically.
11)
Defined as the resistance that an ohmmeter

measures across the load terminals.
Definitions
Law
Derivation
First Approximation
Second Approximation
Ideal dc Voltage Source
Theorem
Thevenin Resistance
12)
Defined as the load current when the load resistor is

shorted.
Norton Current IN
13)
It states that for any theorem in electrical circuit

analysis there is a dual (opposite) theorem in which.
Duality Principle
14)
Means finding out why a circuit is not doing what is

supposed to do.
Troubleshooting
15)
16)
Two facts about an open devices:
1. the current through an

open device is zero.
2. the voltage across it is
unknown
Two facts about a shorted devices:
1. the voltage across a

shorted device is zero.
2. the current through it is
unknown
CHAPTER 2
#
SEMICONDUCTORS
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
The reason why electrons are not pulled into the

nucleus.
Centrifugal
2)
It controls the electrical properties of the atom.
Valence Orbit
3)
An element with electrical properties between those

of a conductor and those of an insulator.
4)
An example of a semiconductor and has four

electrons in the valence orbit.
5)
Another example of semiconductor and became

the most practical in most electronics applications.
Silicon
6)
An orderly pattern formed when silicon atoms

combined their self to form a solid.
Crystal
7)
A bond between the opposite cores.
8)
One way to increase conductivity of a

semiconductor by adding impurity atoms.
9)
A doped semiconductor.
10)
It is added to molten silicon to increase the number

of free electrons.
Pentavalent Atom
11)
Atom with five electrons in valence orbit and also

called donor impurities.
Pentavalent Atom
Semiconductors
Germanium
Covalent Bond
Doping
Extrinsic Semiconductor
12)
Atom with three valence electrons and also called

acceptor atom.
13)
Silicon that has been doped with a pentavalent

impurity.
N-Type Semiconductor
14)
Silicon that has been doped with a trivalent impurity.
P-Type Semiconductor
15)
It is the border where the p-type and n-type regions

meet.
Junction
16)
Another name for pn crystal.
17)
The pair of positive and negative ions at the junction.
18)
Charge empty region.
19)
The electric field between the ions is equivalent to

difference of potential.
20)
It is when the negative source terminal is connected

to the n-type material and the positive is connected
to the p-type material.
Forward Bias
21)
The negative battery terminal is connected to the p

side and the positive battery terminal to the n side.
Reverse Bias
22)
The reverse current caused by the thermally

produced minority carriers.
Trivalent
Junction Diode
Dipole
Depletion Region
Barrier Potential
Saturation Current
The temperature of the surrounding air.

23)
Ambient Temperature
24)
The departure of the electron creates a vacancy in

the valance orbit.
25)
The merging of a free electron and a hole.
26)
The amount of time between the creation and

disappearance of a free electrons.
27)
It means that we cannot get more minority-carrier

current than is produced by the thermal energy.
Saturation
28)
A small current flows on the surface of the crystal.
Surface-Leakage Current
29)
The temperature inside a diode, right at the pn

junction.
30)
The nucleus of a copper atom contains how many

protons?
29
31)
The net charge of a neutral copper atom.
+1
32)
How many valence electrons does a silicon atom

have?
33)
How many protons does the nucleus of a silicon atom

contain?
14
Hole
Recombination
Lifetime
Junction Temperature
CHAPTER 3
#
DIODE THEORY
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
A device where the graph of its current versus

voltage is a straight line.
Linear Device
2)
A device where the graph of its current versus

voltage is not straight line.
Nonlinear Device
3)
In the forward region, the voltage at which the

current starts to increase rapidly.
Knee Voltage
4)
The knee voltage of a silicon diode.
5)
The ohmic resistance of a semiconductor material.
Bulk Resistance
6)
The maximum power the diode can safely dissipate

without shortening its life or degrading its properties.
Power Rating
7)
A diode acts like a switch that closes when forwardbiased and opens when reverse-biased.
Ideal Diode
8)
It is a region where either avalanche or zener effects

occurs.
Breakdown Region
9)
The maximum reverse voltage a diode can withstand

before avalanche or the zener effect occurs.
Breakdown Voltage
10)
The maximum rating specified in the data sheet.
11)
A tool used to find the exact value of a diode current

and voltage.
0.7 V
Safety Factor
Load Line
12)
In load line, this point represents maximum current.
Saturation
13)
This point represents the minimum current minimum

current.
Cut-Off
14)
It represents a simultaneous solution between the

diode curve and load line.
Q Point
15)
The knee voltage of a diode is approximately equal

to the.
Barrier Potential
CHAPTER 4
#
DIODE CIRCUIT
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
Electronic device that converts the ac input voltage

to an almost perfect dc output voltage.
Power Supply Rectifiers
2)
A rectifier with only one diode in series with the load

resistor.
Half-Wave Rectifier
3)
A transformer thatwill produce a secondary voltage

that is higher than a primary.
Step-Up
4)
A transformer that will produce a secondary voltage

that is smaller than the primary.
Step-Down
5)
A rectifier that is equivalent to two half-wave

rectifiers.
6)
Type of rectifier circuit that has four diode, two of

which are conducting at the same time.
7)
Used to filter the output of a rectifier.
8)
It states that, if you have two or more sources, you

can analyze the circuit for each source separately
and then add the individual voltages to get the total
voltage.
9)
The fluctuation in load voltage caused by the

charging and the discharging of capacitor input
filter.
10)
A regulator that uses a transistor that switches

between saturation and cut-off.
Full-Wave Rectifier
Bridge Rectifer
Choke-Input Filter
Super Position Theorem
Ripple
Switching Regulator
11)
A filter that produce a dc output voltage equal to

the peak value of the rectified voltage.
Capacitor-Input Filter
12)
The maximum voltage across the non-conducting

diode of a rectifier.
Peak Inverse Voltage
13)
The initial rush of current when the power is turned on.
14)
This device not only reduces the ripple, it also holds

the output voltage constant.
15)
The diodes used in low-frequency power supplies.
16)
This diodes are optimized for use at high frequencies

and have power ratings less than 0.5W.
17)
A circuit that removes either positive or negative

parts of a wave form.
18)
The circuit removes all the positive parts of the input

signal.
Positive Clipper
19)
The series resistance must be 100 times greater than

bulk resistance and 100 times smaller than the load
resistance.
Stiff Clipper
20)
The circuit removes all the negative parts of the input

signal.
Negative Clipper
21)
It means, applying an external voltage to change the

reference level of a circuit.
Bias
22)
The output signal when the input voltage is very large

compared to the bias level.
Surge Current
IC Voltage Regulator
Rectifier Diodes
Small-Signal Diodes
Clipper
Square Wave
23)
It adds a dc voltage to the signal.
Clamper
24)
The same as a rectifier with a capacitor input filter

used for output voltage of the peak detector.
25)
Connecting two or more stages so that the output of

one stage is the input to the next.
Cascaded Stage
26)
A redesign of the peak-to-peak detector, it uses

rectifier diodes instead of small-signal diodes.
Voltage Doubler
Peak Detector
10
CHAPTER 5
#
SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODE

DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
A diode designed to operate in reverse break over

with a very stable voltage drop.
Zener Diode
2)
Three regions where a zener diode can operate:
Forward;
Leakage;
Break-Down
3)
As long as the reverse current is less than _________

the diode is operating with the safe range.
4)
Referred as bulk resistance in the reverse region.
5)
Also called voltage regulator diode.
6)
Circuit used when you want a dc output voltage that

is less than the output of a the power supply.
Zener Regulator
7)
Sometimes called high-field emission, this occurs

when the intensity of the electric field becomes high
enough to dislodge valence electrons in reverse
biased diode.
Zener Effect
8)
The breakdown voltage of a zener diode.
9)
It is defined as the change in breakdown voltage per

degree of increase of temperature.
10)
The zener regulation is approaching a dropout or

failure condition when zener current is.
11)
The power rating usually include in the data sheet

where diode can handle without exceeding.
IZM
Zener Resistance
Zener Diode
Zener Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
Near Zero
Maximum Current
11
12)
Also include in the data sheet tells you how much

you have to reduce the power rating of a device.
Derating Factor
13)
The technology that combines optics and

electronics.
Optoelectronics
14)
Resistor that prevents the current from exceeding the

maximum current rating of the diode.
15)
The brightness of an LED depends on the _________.
16)
It contains seven rectangular LEDs.
Seven-Segment Display
17)
The seven-segment indicator were all anode are

connected together.
Common-Anode Type
18)
The seven-segment indicator were all cathode are

connected together.
19)
A reversed-biased diode that is sensitive to incoming

light.
Photodiode
20)
A combination of LED and photo-diode, an input

signal to the LED is converted to varying light which is
detected by the photodiode.
Opto-Coupler
21)
Light that has many different phases.
22)
A diode that produce a coherent light.
23)
This means that all the light wave is in-phase with

each other.
Current-Limiting Resistor
Current
Common-Cathode Type
Non-coherent Light
Laser Diode
Coherent Light
12
24)
Analogous to a stranded wire cable, except that the

strands are thin flexible fibers of glass or plastic that
transmit light beams instead of free electrons.
Fiber-Optic Cable
25)
The temporary storage of free electrons in the upper

energy band and holes n the lower energy band.
Charge Storage
26)
The time it takes to turn off a forward-biased diode.
Reverse Recovery Time
27)
A special-purpose diode with no depletion layer,

extremely short reverse recovery time, and ability to
rectify high-frequency signals.
Schottky Diode
28)
A diode optimized for a reverse capacitance, the

larger the reverse voltage, the smaller the
capacitance.
29)
The frequency of a lead-lag circuit or the frequency

of an LC tank circuit where the voltage gain and
phase shift are suitable for oscillation.
30)
A device acts like two back-to-back zener diodes,

used across he primary winding of a power
transformer to prevent line spikes from entering the
equipment.
Varistor
31)
These device keep the current through them fixed

when the voltage changes.
Current-Regulator Diodes
32)
A diode conducts reverse current for a while and

then suddenly snaps open.
Snap Diode
Varactor
Resonant Frequency
Multiple input frequency.

33)
Harmonics
13
34)
A diode that conducts better in the reverse than in

the forward directions.
Back Diode
35)
This type of diode exhibits a phenomenon known as

negative resistance.
Tunnel Diode
36)
This means that an increase in forward voltage

produces a decrease in forward current.
37)
The negative resistance of a tunnel diode is useful in

high-frequency circuits called.
Negative Resistance
Oscillators
14

Elex 1-5

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Elex 1-5

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

A rule that relates quantities.

Are formulas that a researcher creates and based on

It summarizes a relationship that already exists in

A formula that we can get other formulas.

Sometimes called the first approximation, is the

Adds one or more components to the ideal

Produces a load that is constant.

Produces a constant load current for different load

A current source whose internal resistance is at least

Stiff Current Source

A statement that we can prove mathematically.

Defined as the resistance that an ohmmeter

Ideal dc Voltage Source

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

Defined as the load current when the load resistor is

It states that for any theorem in electrical circuit

Means finding out why a circuit is not doing what is

Two facts about an open devices:

1. the current through an

Two facts about a shorted devices:

1. the voltage across a

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

The reason why electrons are not pulled into the

It controls the electrical properties of the atom.

An element with electrical properties between those

An example of a semiconductor and has four

Another example of semiconductor and became

An orderly pattern formed when silicon atoms

A bond between the opposite cores.

One way to increase conductivity of a

It is added to molten silicon to increase the number

Atom with five electrons in valence orbit and also

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

Atom with three valence electrons and also called

Silicon that has been doped with a pentavalent

Silicon that has been doped with a trivalent impurity.

It is the border where the p-type and n-type regions

Another name for pn crystal.

The pair of positive and negative ions at the junction.

Charge empty region.

The electric field between the ions is equivalent to

It is when the negative source terminal is connected

The negative battery terminal is connected to the p

The reverse current caused by the thermally

The temperature of the surrounding air.

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

The departure of the electron creates a vacancy in

The merging of a free electron and a hole.

The amount of time between the creation and

It means that we cannot get more minority-carrier

A small current flows on the surface of the crystal.

The temperature inside a diode, right at the pn

The nucleus of a copper atom contains how many

The net charge of a neutral copper atom.

How many valence electrons does a silicon atom

How many protons does the nucleus of a silicon atom