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1. Exporting
Exporting is the process of selling of goods and services produced in one country to
other countries.
B) indirect exporting.
Indirect exports is the process of exporting through domestically based export
intermediaries. The exporter has no control over its products in the foreign
market.
3 Export merchants
Export merchants are wholesale companies that buy unpackaged products from
suppliers/manufacturers for resale overseas under their own brand names. The
advantage of export merchants is promotion. One of the disadvantages for using
export merchants result in presence of identical products under different brand
names and pricing on the market, meaning that export merchants activities may
hinder manufacturers exporting efforts.
4 Confirming houses
These are intermediate sellers that work for foreign buyers. They receive the product
requirements from their clients, negotiate purchases, make delivery, and pay the
suppliers/manufacturers. An opportunity here arises in the fact that if the client likes
2) Licensing
An international licensing agreement allows foreign firms, either exclusively or nonexclusively to manufacture a proprietors product for a fixed term in a specific market.
Summarizing, in this foreign market entry mode, a licensor in the home country
makes limited rights or resources available to the licensee in the host country. The
rights or resources may include patents, trademarks, managerial skills, technology,
and others that can make it possible for the licensee to manufacture and sell in the
host country a similar product to the one the licensor has already been producing
and selling in the home country without requiring the licensor to open a new
operation overseas. The licensor earnings usually take forms of one time payments,
technical fees and royalty payments usually calculated as a percentage of sales.
3) Franchising
The by the franchisor. In addition to that, while a licensing agreement involves things
such as intellectual property, trade secrets and others while in franchising it is limited
to trademarks and operating know-how of the business.
Required document
Check if health care industry need a permit or certificate
Requirements for a permit or certificate will depend on:
import, identify the commodity code for their goods to find out if you
need a licence.
They can also use the Tariff to check if need a permit.
check your products code in the Tariff, and look up the rules associated with it
check the rules regarding the origin of healthcare products - see the guide on
the rules of origin
check the rules that vary according to whether they are importing or exporting
the product, and its final destination.
However, the SAD is an export declaration, not a licence to export goods. If your
goods need a licence you must obtain one separately before the goods are due to
leave the UK or EU.
materials which can be used in the manufacture of chemical warfare. For more
information, see the guide on biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
Worldwide trade in rough diamonds is controlled by the Kimberley Process.
Traders must register with Defra or the Forestry Commission prior to importation of
any plant, forestry or timber product, including wooden packing materials. For
controlled forestry or timber imports an advanced notification to the Forestry
Commission is required.
.
EXPORT DOCUMENTS
Commercial Invoice
A commercial invoice is a bill for the goods from the seller to the buyer. These
invoices are often used by governments to determine the true value of goods when
assessing customs duties. Governments that use the commercial invoice to control
imports will often specify its form, content, number of copies, language to be used,
and other characteristics.
Export Packing List
Considerably more detailed and informative than a standard domestic packing list,
an export packing list lists seller, buyer, shipper, invoice number, date of shipment,
mode of transport, carrier, and itemizes quantity, description, the type of package,
such as a box, crate, drum, or carton, the quantity of packages, total net and gross
weight (in kilograms), package marks, and dimensions, if appropriate. Both
commercial stationers and freight forwarders carry packing list forms. A packing list
may serve as conforming document. It is not a substitute for a commercial invoice. In
addition, U.S. and foreign customs officials may use the export packing list to check
the cargo.
Pro Forma Invoice
A pro forma invoice is an invoice prepared by the exporter before shipping the
goods, informing the buyer of the goods to be sent, their value, and other key
specifications. It also can be used as an offering of sale or price quotation.
TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTS
Airway Bill
Air freight shipments require airway bills. Airway bills are shipper-specific (i.e.,
USPS, Fed-Ex, UPS, DHL, etc.).
Bill of Lading
A bill of lading is a contract between the owner of the goods and the carrier (as with
domestic shipments). For vessels, there are two types: a straight bill of lading, which
is non-negotiable, and a negotiable or shipper's order bill of lading. The latter can be
bought, sold, or traded while the goods are in transit. The customer usually needs an
original as proof of ownership to take possession of the goods.
CERTIFICATES OF ORGIN
Generic Certificate of Origin
The Certificate of Origin (CO) is required by some countries for all or only certain
products. In many cases, a statement of origin printed on company letterhead will
suffice. The exporter should verify whether a CO is required with the buyer and/or an
experienced shipper/freight forwarder or the Trade Information Center.
OTHER CERTIFICATES FOR SHIPMENTS OF SPECIFIC GOODS
Certificate of Analysis:
A certificate of analysis can be required for seeds, grain, health foods, dietary
supplements, fruits and vegetables, and pharmaceutical products.
Certificate of Free Sale
Certificate of free sale may be issued for biologics, food, drugs, medical devices and
veterinary medicine. More information is available from the Food and Drug
Administration. Health authorities in some states as well as some trade associations
also issue Certificates of Free Sale.
Dangerous Goods Certificate
Exports submitted for handling by air carriers and air freight forwarders classified as
dangerous goods need to be accompanied by the Shippers Declaration for
Dangerous Goods required by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). The
exporter is responsible for accuracy of the form and ensuring that requirements
related to packaging, marking, and other required information by IATA have been
met.
For shipment of dangerous goods it is critical to identify goods by proper name,
comply with packaging and labeling requirements, which vary depending upon the
type of product shipper and the country shipped toFor ocean exports, hazardous
material regulations are contained in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods
regulations.
Fisheries Certificate
The National Marine Fisheries Service conducts inspections and analyses of fishery
Balance sheet
Sources Of Funds
Total Share Capital
Equity Share Capital
Share Application Money
Preference Share Capital
Reserves
Mar '13
Mar '12
Mar '11
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
102.40
102.40
0.00
0.00
3,527.50
102.40
102.40
0.00
0.00
2,809.10
102.40
102.40
0.00
0.00
2,454.70
102.40
102.40
0.00
0.00
1,987.50
Networth
Secured Loans
Unsecured Loans
Total Debt
Total Liabilities
3,629.90
888.40
522.80
1,411.20
5,041.10
Mar '14
2,911.50
1,052.50
593.00
1,645.50
4,557.00
Mar '13
2,557.10
749.20
346.60
1,095.80
3,652.90
Mar '12
2,089.90
531.70
32.30
564.00
2,653.90
Mar '11
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
Application Of Funds
Gross Block
Less: Revaluation Reserves
Less: Accum. Depreciation
Net Block
Capital Work in Progress
Investments
Inventories
Sundry Debtors
Cash and Bank Balance
Total Current Assets
Loans and Advances
Fixed Deposits
Total CA, Loans & Advances
Deferred Credit
Current Liabilities
Provisions
Total CL & Provisions
Net Current Assets
Miscellaneous Expenses
Total Assets
2,288.90
0.00
724.80
1,564.10
530.60
1,557.70
663.50
722.00
89.40
1,474.90
1,115.80
0.00
2,590.70
0.00
904.50
297.50
1,202.00
1,388.70
0.00
5,041.10
2,125.50
0.00
628.40
1,497.10
463.80
1,279.90
587.20
683.00
91.60
1,361.80
947.40
0.00
2,309.20
0.00
781.00
212.00
993.00
1,316.20
0.00
4,557.00
2,016.20
0.00
798.50
1,217.70
334.70
1,212.20
501.20
581.20
118.30
1,200.70
799.60
0.00
2,000.30
0.00
884.90
227.10
1,112.00
888.30
0.00
3,652.90
1,732.50
0.00
695.90
1,036.60
233.70
698.80
464.50
475.10
14.10
953.70
537.20
28.30
1,519.20
0.00
654.00
180.40
834.40
684.80
0.00
2,653.90
Contingent Liabilities
Book Value (Rs)
1,242.20
177.29
1,238.10
142.20
361.70
124.89
122.40
102.07
Income
Sales Turnover
Excise Duty
Net Sales
Other Income
Stock Adjustments
Total Income
Expenditure
Raw Materials
Power & Fuel Cost
Employee Cost
Other Manufacturing Expenses
Selling and Admin Expenses
Miscellaneous Expenses
Preoperative Exp Capitalised
Total Expenses
Operating Profit
PBDIT
Interest
PBDT
Depreciation
Other Written Off
Profit Before Tax
Extra-ordinary items
PBT (Post Extra-ord Items)
Tax
Reported Net Profit
Total Value Addition
Preference Dividend
Equity Dividend
Corporate Dividend Tax
Per share data (annualised)
Shares in issue (lakhs)
Earning Per Share (Rs)
Equity Dividend (%)
Book Value (Rs)
Mar '13
Mar '12
Mar '11
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
4,042.10
0.00
4,042.10
308.60
35.70
4,386.40
3,675.70
0.00
3,675.70
52.90
9.00
3,737.60
3,194.00
41.80
3,152.20
169.20
57.10
3,378.50
2,213.70
34.60
2,179.10
806.90
34.60
3,020.60
1,9
1,539.50
113.30
525.10
0.00
0.00
1,092.90
0.00
3,270.80
Mar '14
1,347.70
116.50
522.50
0.00
0.00
991.70
0.00
2,978.40
Mar '13
1,157.80
94.00
455.00
49.10
762.20
12.70
0.00
2,530.80
Mar '12
934.80
71.90
371.10
48.70
746.10
74.40
0.00
2,247.00
Mar '11
1,7
M
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
807.00
1,115.60
42.50
1,073.10
127.40
0.00
945.70
0.00
945.70
42.10
903.60
1,731.30
0.00
184.30
27.30
706.30
759.20
111.00
648.20
116.80
0.00
531.40
0.00
531.40
32.80
498.60
1,630.70
0.00
153.60
19.80
678.50
847.70
69.10
778.60
108.20
0.00
670.40
0.00
670.40
12.90
657.50
1,373.00
0.00
153.60
17.00
-33.30
773.60
39.50
734.10
96.90
0.00
637.20
10.60
647.80
37.40
610.40
1,312.20
0.00
128.00
14.60
1
6
2,047.49
44.13
180.00
177.29
2,047.49
24.35
150.00
142.20
2,047.49
32.11
150.00
124.89
2,047.49
29.81
125.00
102.07
1,3
1,8
5
2,4
5
9
1
1
Sources Of Funds
Total Share Capital
Equity Share Capital
Share Application Money
Preference Share Capital
Reserves
Networth
Secured Loans
Unsecured Loans
Total Debt
Total Liabilities
Application Of Funds
Gross Block
Less: Revaluation Reserves
Less: Accum. Depreciation
Net Block
Capital Work in Progress
Investments
Inventories
Sundry Debtors
Cash and Bank Balance
Total Current Assets
Loans and Advances
Fixed Deposits
Total CA, Loans & Advances
Deferred Credit
Current Liabilities
Provisions
Total CL & Provisions
Net Current Assets
Miscellaneous Expenses
Total Assets
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
160.58
160.58
0.00
0.00
9,931.06
10,091.64
0.00
877.34
877.34
10,968.98
Mar '14
160.58
160.58
0.00
0.00
8,708.94
8,869.52
9.49
956.32
965.81
9,835.33
Mar '13
160.58
160.58
0.00
0.00
7,389.70
7,550.28
10.00
2.20
12.20
7,562.48
Mar '12
160.58
160.58
0.00
0.00
6,452.37
6,612.95
2.95
437.53
440.48
7,053.43
Mar '11
1
1
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
5,394.36
0.00
1,870.17
3,524.19
376.69
3,587.13
2,511.16
1,728.10
46.04
4,285.30
1,150.69
0.00
5,435.99
0.00
1,636.96
318.06
1,955.02
3,480.97
0.00
10,968.98
4,983.81
0.00
1,565.52
3,418.29
350.34
2,601.82
2,343.37
1,645.22
105.07
4,093.66
1,029.10
0.00
5,122.76
0.00
1,380.91
276.97
1,657.88
3,464.88
0.00
9,835.33
4,298.18
0.00
1,295.52
3,002.66
343.45
1,035.15
1,824.50
1,519.31
55.06
3,398.87
1,213.66
0.00
4,612.53
0.00
1,190.78
240.53
1,431.31
3,181.22
0.00
7,562.48
3,928.47
0.00
1,060.82
2,867.65
253.07
570.65
1,883.16
1,497.04
83.98
3,464.18
1,292.28
0.00
4,756.46
0.00
1,174.52
219.88
1,394.40
3,362.06
0.00
7,053.43
2,8
5,7
5,9
5,9
M
8
2,0
6
2
1,5
1,5
3,1
2,3
5,4
1,1
1,3
2,5
2,9
5,9
Contingent Liabilities
Book Value (Rs)
1,201.36
125.69
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
9,380.29
0.00
9,380.29
280.28
158.12
9,818.69
8,202.42
0.00
8,202.42
229.13
290.75
8,722.30
6,977.50
0.00
6,977.50
148.30
-11.24
7,114.56
6,331.09
0.00
6,331.09
91.64
138.71
6,561.44
5,6
4,002.79
191.84
1,284.75
0.00
0.00
2,069.50
0.00
7,548.88
Mar '14
3,440.15
211.17
969.28
0.00
0.00
1,753.43
0.00
6,374.03
Mar '13
2,947.97
211.32
728.21
0.00
0.00
1,496.90
0.00
5,384.40
Mar '12
3,136.29
183.65
540.33
0.00
0.00
1,288.83
0.00
5,149.10
Mar '11
2,6
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
1,989.53
2,269.81
127.86
2,141.95
323.61
0.00
2,119.14
2,348.27
33.38
2,314.89
303.03
0.00
1,581.86
1,730.16
26.63
1,703.53
282.07
0.00
1,320.70
1,412.34
12.92
1,399.42
248.03
0.00
1,3
1,5
Income
Sales Turnover
Excise Duty
Net Sales
Other Income
Stock Adjustments
Total Income
Expenditure
Raw Materials
Power & Fuel Cost
Employee Cost
Other Manufacturing Expenses
Selling and Admin Expenses
Miscellaneous Expenses
Preoperative Exp Capitalised
Total Expenses
Operating Profit
PBDIT
Interest
PBDT
Depreciation
Other Written Off
3,993.66
110.47
1,320.07
94.04
1,110.96
82.36
5,6
1
1
5,9
3
2
8
1
4,4
M
1,4
1
Sources Of Funds
Total Share Capital
Equity Share Capital
Share Application Money
Preference Share Capital
Reserves
Networth
Secured Loans
Unsecured Loans
Total Debt
Total Liabilities
Application Of Funds
Gross Block
Less: Revaluation Reserves
1,818.34
0.00
1,818.34
430.00
1,388.34
3,546.09
0.00
160.58
27.29
2,011.86
0.00
2,011.86
504.75
1,507.11
2,933.88
0.00
160.58
27.29
1,421.46
0.00
1,421.46
297.50
1,123.96
2,436.43
0.00
160.58
26.05
1,151.39
0.00
1,151.39
191.00
960.39
2,012.81
0.00
224.81
36.72
1,3
8,029.21
17.29
100.00
125.69
8,029.21
18.77
100.00
110.47
8,029.21
14.00
100.00
94.04
8,029.21
11.96
140.00
82.36
8,0
1,3
2
1,0
1,7
Mar '13
Mar '12
Mar '11
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
39.07
39.07
0.00
0.00
286.49
325.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
325.56
Mar '14
39.07
39.07
0.00
0.00
217.47
256.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
256.54
Mar '13
39.07
39.07
0.00
0.00
147.79
186.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
186.86
Mar '12
39.07
39.07
0.00
0.00
102.82
141.89
0.00
0.00
0.00
141.89
Mar '11
1
M
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
67.67
0.00
63.58
0.00
62.74
0.00
61.14
0.00
Income
Sales Turnover
Excise Duty
Net Sales
Other Income
Stock Adjustments
Total Income
Expenditure
14.54
53.13
0.00
145.65
4.63
0.23
163.93
168.79
5.73
0.00
174.52
0.00
20.12
27.62
47.74
126.78
0.00
325.56
12.20
51.38
0.00
95.73
6.74
0.46
146.15
153.35
5.08
0.00
158.43
0.00
21.26
27.74
49.00
109.43
0.00
256.54
9.97
52.77
0.08
47.71
6.04
0.36
127.17
133.57
84.53
0.00
218.10
0.00
31.33
100.47
131.80
86.30
0.00
186.86
7.94
53.20
0.31
39.70
17.49
1.17
7.80
26.46
9.65
78.65
114.76
0.00
46.46
19.62
66.08
48.68
0.00
141.89
3.26
83.32
1.58
65.66
2.71
47.82
2.83
36.31
1
1
Mar '13
Mar '12
Mar '11
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
203.25
0.00
203.25
11.69
-2.45
212.49
213.01
0.00
213.01
13.89
0.07
226.97
254.77
1.18
253.59
8.64
-11.65
250.58
335.50
0.09
335.41
7.15
4.58
347.14
Raw Materials
Power & Fuel Cost
Employee Cost
Other Manufacturing Expenses
Selling and Admin Expenses
Miscellaneous Expenses
Preoperative Exp Capitalised
Total Expenses
Operating Profit
PBDIT
Interest
PBDT
Depreciation
Other Written Off
Profit Before Tax
Extra-ordinary items
PBT (Post Extra-ord Items)
Tax
Reported Net Profit
Total Value Addition
Preference Dividend
Equity Dividend
Corporate Dividend Tax
Per share data (annualised)
Shares in issue (lakhs)
Earning Per Share (Rs)
Equity Dividend (%)
Book Value (Rs)
56.77
1.30
12.95
0.00
0.00
48.44
0.00
119.46
Mar '14
64.91
1.26
11.96
0.00
0.00
47.14
0.00
125.27
Mar '13
81.43
1.16
11.29
0.07
67.90
7.71
0.00
169.56
Mar '12
124.90
1.06
15.64
0.24
105.97
7.72
0.00
255.53
Mar '11
2
M
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12
81.34
93.03
0.00
93.03
2.43
0.00
90.60
0.00
90.60
-5.85
96.45
62.69
0.00
23.44
3.99
87.81
101.70
0.00
101.70
2.37
0.00
99.33
0.00
99.33
2.22
97.11
60.36
0.00
23.44
3.99
72.38
81.02
0.11
80.91
2.30
0.00
78.61
0.00
78.61
10.93
67.68
88.13
0.00
19.54
3.17
84.46
91.61
0.16
91.45
1.49
0.00
89.96
-0.24
89.72
30.24
59.48
130.63
0.00
15.63
2.54
390.72
24.69
60.00
83.32
390.72
24.85
60.00
65.66
390.72
17.32
50.00
47.82
390.72
15.22
40.00
36.31