ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT
This paper is an RTOS based architecture designed for the purpose of data
transmission between two controlling units through IWSN without collision. RTOS is a
Process which will be done between hardware and application. Here, stack is the one which is
used to avoid the independency of the layers from one with another inside the protocol comes
under the standard IEEE802.15.4.Stack having two techniques (PAL and NILI) we are using
in the IEEE 802.15.4 to reduce the collision and timing. Mostly, during the packets
transmission some collision may occur. This collision has to be avoided to prevent the data
loss during the transmission.
The project deals with the data transmission between two units in the exact time
without any collision. The data transmission time is increased with the protocol standard. One
of the section runs with RTOS and LPC2148 as master node and another as normal data
acquisition node to which sensors are connected. Data acquisition node uses the Peripheral
Interface controller. Communications between two nodes (hardware and application) are
accomplished through IEEE 802.15.4.
The RTOS is to manage the allocation of these resources to users in an orderly and controlled
manner. This wireless sensor node is composed of a micro-processors, transceivers, displays
and analog to digital converters. Sensor nodes are deployed for industrial process monitoring
and control. The sensing parameters can be displayed as graph in Master node. The basic
view of this technique is to reduce the possibility of collision and to meet the critical
requirement of timing for data transmission of industrial applications

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO.

TITLE

PAGE NO.

iii

ABSTRACT

vii

LIST OF FIGURES

xiii

LIST OF ABBREVATION

xiv

1.

INTRODUCTION

02

2.

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

07

2.1 Circuit Diagram

07

3.

2.1.1 Working Principle

07

2.1.2 Transformer

08

2.1.3 Bridge Rectifier

08

2.1.4 IC Voltage Regulators

10

MICROCONTROLLER

12

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

38

ARM
4.

4.1 Introduction

38

4.2 Null MODEM

41

4.3 RS232

42

5.

4.4 Null MODEM without Handshaking

43

4.5 Compatibility issues

44

SOFTWARE TOOLS
5.1 Types of Tools

56
56

5.1.1 KEIL C

56

5.1.2 Flash Magic

57

5.1.3 ORCAD

58

5.1.4 Design flow of ORCAD

59

MATLAB
VB
6.

HARDWARE TOOLS

61

6.1 Zigbee
6.2 brainwave sensor

8.

CONCLUSION

9.

10.

REFERENCES

75

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

The RTOS is to manage the allocation of these resources to users in an orderly and
controlled manner. This wireless sensor node is composed of a micro-processors, transceivers,
displays and analog to digital converters. Sensor nodes are deployed for industrial process
monitoring and control. The sensing parameters can be displayed as graph in Master node. The
basic view of this technique is to reduce the possibility of collision and to meet the critical
requirement of timing for data transmission of industrial applications.

G
P
I
O

1.1

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Block diagram:
Master node:

Block Diagram:

Power supply

Master Node:
ARM CORE
K
Hardware & Software
Requirements:
Priority
G
E

Hardware:
GLCD

P
I
O

Microcontrollers
A
Touch
D
Sensors
Screen
C
GLCD
Zigbee

Reversal

R
N

Priority
Inheritance

U
A
R
T

IEEE
802.15.4

Data acquisation node:

Software :

Keil
RTOS
MPLAB
HI-Tech Compiler
Orcad
Flash Magic

Power
calculating
E
sensors
MOTOR Temperature
UNITL
Sensor
Advantages:

Power supply

Intruder
detection sensor
Y Applications:
Display Unit
FIRE SENSOR

U
A
R
T

PIC
MICRO
CONTORLLER

IEEE 802.15.4

Buzzer

Device
C

1.3 EXISTING ATM SYSTEM:

Possibilities of collision

 No layer architecture
No data acquisition node

1.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

No collision
Time Integrity
Fine transmission and clear display units
Data acquisition system

CHAPTER-3

CHAPTER-3

CHAPTER-3

CHAPTER
3
ARM PROCESSOR

Introduction:
The LPC2141/2/4/6/8 microcontrollers are based on a 32/16 bit ARM7TDMI-S
CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combines the
microcontroller with embedded high speed flash memory ranging from 32 kB to
512 kB. A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture
enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code size
applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30 %
with minimal performance penalty.

Features of LPC2148:
16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.
60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL
with settling time of 100 s.
Typical frequency 12MHZ.
CPU operating voltage range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V 10 %) with 5 V
tolerant I/O pads.
The LPC2146/8 provide 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA.
ADC 3.3V and other functionalitys like SRAM having 4KB, Flash memory
having 512KB.
On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal in range from
1 MHz to 30 MHz and with an external oscillator up to 50 MHz.
Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.

Peripheral features:

 48gb input output pins with all internal pullup resistance.

Onchip 2ADC blocks.each block contains 7.over all 14 N
blocks are interfaced.
This ADC is based on successive approximation with a
conversion rate of 2.44micro sec.ADC frequency must be
<4.5Mhz.
Maximum resolution is 10bit.This resolution is programmed till
3 bits.
On chip 2UARTS with 8 bits for transmit.
2timers/counters each of 32bit long with separate match
registers and capture registers for timer and counters.
4DACs with tolerance 3volts.
Onchip SPI(Serial peripheral register) and SSP(synchronous
serial port) for synchronous communication.
32 vectored interrupts.Each interrupts can be configured into 16
priority levels with level and its sensitivity.
On chip RTC for memory storage.

ARM7TDMI-S processor:
ARM7 is an load store architecture .The ARM7TDMI-S is a general purpose 32-bit
microprocessor, which offers high performance and very low power consumption.
The ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

principles, and the instruction set and related decode mechanism are much simpler
than those of micro programmed Complex Instruction Set Computers.
Pipeline techniques are employed especially 3 stage pipeling so that all parts
of the processing and memory systems can operate continuously. In 3 stage
pipeline the process includes fetch,decode,execute in same clock cycle for 3 tasks.
Typically, while one instruction is being executed, its successor is being decoded,
and a third instruction is being fetched from memory.
The ARM7TDMI-S processor also employs a unique architectural strategy
known as THUMB, which makes it ideally suited to high-volume applications with
memory restrictions, or applications where code density is an issue. The key idea
behind THUMB is that of a super-reduced instruction set. Essentially, the
ARM7TDMI-S processor has two instruction sets:
The standard 32-bit ARM instruction set.
A 16-bit THUMB instruction set.
In load store there are 7 modes of working .i.e User mode, IRQ mode, FIQ
mode ,Supervisory mode,Abort mode,Undefined mode,System mode.

LPC2148 Microcontroller :

Figure : block diagram of LPC2148.

In LPC2148 having 64 pins divided into 2 ports i.e port0 and port1.each port
having 32 pins .In port 1 here we are using p1.0-p1.15 as debugging purpose.every

pin in multiplexed internally with four different functionalities . user have to

program the section bits. In order to select one functionalities for 1 port pin there
must be 2 selection bits. The functionality of selection bits will be pair from one
pair to other.
PIN Functionality Select:
In order to program the required function for the respective pin we have a register
called PINSEL. In pin select there are PINSEL0, PINSEL1,PINSEL2.

Phase locked loop (PLL):

There are two PLL modules in the LPC2141/2/4/6/8 microcontroller. The PLL0 is
used to generate the CCLK clock (system clock) while the PLL1 has to supply the
clock for the USB at the fixed rate of 48 MHz. The input frequency is multiplied
up the range of 10 MHz to 60 MHz for the CCLK and 48 MHz for the USB clock
using a Current Controlled Oscillators (CCO).

Figure :PLL block diagram

The CCO operates in the range of 156 MHz to 320 MHz, so there is an
additional divider in the loop to keep the CCO within its frequency range while the
PLL is providing the desired output frequency. The output divider may be set to
divide by 2, 4, 8, or 16 to produce the output clock. Since the minimum output
divider value is 2, it is insured that the PLL output has a 50% duty cycle.

Registers of PLL:
PLLCON:This register are used to control the PLL i.e to enable or connect .
7

PLL0CEF:
It is a 8 bit register used to configure the desired frequency. this is done
by selecting multiplier and divider.
7

For example:

PLL0STAT:
It is a 16 bit register.This register provides the actual values controlling
the PLL, as well as the status of the PLL i.e plock.
PLL0FEED:
It is a 8 bit register. PLL Feed Register. This register enables loading of
the PLL control and configuration information from the PLLCON and
PLLCFG registers into the shadow registers that actually affect PLL
operation. In order to update the values we have to toggle all the 8 bits
of PLL. which are internal latches.

General purpose input/output (GPIO):

GPIO having 48 pins, all the port pins are internally having pullup
resistors. On reset all pins acting as inputs i.e high or 5V. all the registers
of GPIO are word or half word but not bit addressing by this we
configure the functionality of entire port pins in one instruction and also
we can use barrel shifter in order to configure individual pins.
This GPIO can be selected by selecting 00 bits in pin connect
block i.e PINSEL.
Registers of GPIO:
IODIR:This is a 32 bit register is used to configure that direction of the port
pins. This register individually controls the direction of each port pin.
This can be done by placing 0 or 1 in respective bits. here 0 represents
input and 1 represents the output. To configure port 0 pins there is
IODIR0 register, To configure port 1 pins there is IODIR1 register
respectively.
IOSET:This is a 32 bit register is used to set the respective port pins value as
high. But by placing 0 in the respective bit , the value of the port pin is
unchanged i.e we cant able to make the port pin value as low. To set all
the port pins of port 0 we have a register called IOSET0, To set all the
port pins of port 1 we have a register called IOSET1.

IOCLR:GPIO Port Output Clear register. This register controls the state of
output pins. Writing ones produces lows at the corresponding port pins
and clears the corresponding bits in the IOSET register. Writing zeroes
has no effect.
Port 0 IOCLR0
Port 1IOCLR1
IOPIN:This is 32 bit register. The current state of the GPIO configured port pins
can always be read from this register, regardless of pin direction. where
as the GPIO registers are writable registers, this register contain the of
status all the port pins irrespective of their direction.
Port 0 IOPIN0
Port 1 IOPIN1

Universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART)

UART having two port pins i.e. UART0 and UART1.
Synchronous:To transmit the data from source to destination with respect
to clock.
Ex:- SPI, Ethernet, CAN.
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI):SPI is a full duplex serial interfaces. It can handle multiple masters and
slaves being connected to a given bus. Only a single master and a single
slave can communicate on the interface during a given data transfer.
During a data transfer the master always sends 8 to 16 bits of data to the
slave, and the slave always sends a byte of data to the master.
Asynchronous:To transmit the data from source to destination with
respect to baud rate i.e. bits /sec.
Ex:- GSM, On chip communication.

Universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART0):Features of UART0:

16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs

Register locations conform to 550 industry standard
Receivers FIFO trigger points at 1, 4, 8, and 14 bytes.
Built-in fractional baud rate generator with autobauding capabilities.
Mechanism that enables software and hardware flow control
implementation.

Universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART1):Features of UART1: UART1 is identical to UART0, with the addition of a modem interface.
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs.
Register locations conform to 550 industry standard.
Receiver FIFO trigger points at 1, 4, 8, and 14 bytes.
Built-in fractional baud rate generator with autobauding capabilities.
Mechanism that enables software and hardware flow control
implementation.
Standard modem interface signals included with flow control (autoCTS/RTS) fully
supported in hardware (LPC2144/6/8 only).

Registers of UART:U0THR:Its a 8 bit register with holds the transmitting value. The
U0THR is the top byte of the UART0 TX FIFO. The top byte is the
newest character in the TX FIFO and can be written via the bus
interface. The LSB represents the first bit to transmit.
UORBR:Its a 8 bit register with holds the receivinging data value.
U0CFG:UART0 is a configure register. Which is used configure
UART frame this is 8 bit register which is represented as follows.
7

DLAB BI
0
0
1
1

Section of parity Parity

0
0
D
0
0
1
E
1
1
0
1
1

Data length
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0

U0THR, U0RBR are enable when DLAB bit are 0. U0THR, U0RBR
are enable when DLAB bit are 1.

Baud rate calculation:In order to store the baud rate we have two registers U0DLM U0DLL
which are enable only when DLAB bit in U0FG is 1.DLAB is 0 these
register are disable. We can say it as UART baud rate is large.
Here make DLAB bit as 1and than configure UART baud rate
after configure UART we have lock UART after with respective baud
rate. Than we have to rx & tx with we do as DLAB bit as 0.

U0DLL= (PCLK/(16*baud rate))%256.

U0DLM= (PCLK/(16*baud rate))/256.
U0STAT:Which is used to red the acknowledgement bits of particular
UART.
7

Rx fifo TEMT THRE BI

FE

PE

OE

0
RDR

The total data will RX in Rx side than RDR bit will be 1 or other
wise 0.
If any overlapping error occur in send data than OE bit will be 1
other wise 0.
In Parity checking error it will be 1 mean error in the frame
otherwise 0.
In frame error it will be 1 mean error are occurred in the frame
otherwise 0.
If any break occurred in sending data from source to destination
than BI bit will be 1 other wise 0.
Data will be transmits by using FIFO if any over lapping are
occurred than Rx FIFO bit will be 1 other wise 0.

CHAPTER-4

Getting Started with ARM Tyro Kits

The ARM7TDMI Tyro Genre Kits are designed with excellence to evaluate your
applications with ease and comfort. The subsequent guidelines for getting started with the ARM7
Tyro Product further assist you for the comprehensive access.
DO:
Select Power Supply from EXT or USB

Disconnect the Power Supply when not in use.

Use UART0 to Program the Kit

Push the PGM/EXE Button ON for Programming

Pop the PGM/EXE Button OFF for Executing.

Press RESET Button before and after Programming the Kit.

Select the correct device ID before programming using Flash Magic

Simulate your code and then PGM the Kit for increased flash life.

Use only compatible Add-On Cards

Use only standard JTAG cables for de-bugging and tracing.

Safely remove hardware while using USB HID or USB Memory

Turn OFF all the slide switches when you start JTAG debugging.

Select Power for 7Seg, GLCD, LCD and Stepper Motor, Relays.

Use only J11 for I2C Peripheral Interface

External Power could be given for Stepper Motor and Relay

Safely dispose unused components!

DONT:
Do not connect Power on any other sockets except the Power Jack.
Do Not connect external reference voltage for On-Chip ADC
Do not connect both USB and EXT Power supplies simultaneously.
Do not loose shunt the power jack (if you use your own supply)
Do not touch the oscillator pins even if the Kit is Powered OFF.
Do not directly touch any tracks or IC pins.
Do not press the RST button while Programming.
Do not ERASE the Read Protect Data using Flash Magic.
Do not Power OFF the Kit while the controller is being programmed.
Do not Program the controller if there is a Device ID conflict!
Use only 3V (~3.3V) Battery for RTC Power.
Do not connect analog signals greater than 3.3V to ADC Pins
Do not interface circuits consuming current greater than 1A.
Do not dispose or Litter electronic goods. (WEEE)

Process involved in evaluating an experiment:

Create a NEW project in Keil Vision 3

Create a NEW source code in Embedded C
Compile the project and check for errors and warnings
Debug the project and check the output in Simulation
Generate HEX files for your project using Keil Vision3
Open Flash Magic software from NXP

Configure the Device and COM Port settings

Read the Device ID signature
Select Erase Blocks and Browse your output (HEX) file.
Switch your ARM Tyro Kit in PGM Mode
Start flashing the ARM Microcontroller
RESET the Tyro Kit and switch over to the EXE mode by Popping up the push

button.
Follow the user manual for other configurations corresponding to your
experiment.
Working with Keil Vision3 ARM:
Steps involved in Creating and Executing a Project:
Click the icon

Click Project -> New Project

Save your Project in desired location.

Select the appropriate device from the pop up window

Click YES to add the default Start Up code to your project.

Click File New and create a new text file and save it as *.C
Develop Your Code and Add the code to the Target
Right Click on Source Group Click Add Files to Source Group1

Build and Re-Build your Project for Errors by right clicking Target Build Target

Double Click on Errors to locate and De-bug

These processes are sufficient for simulation. Further steps help you to generate
output files.
Right click on Target Click Options for Target Target 1
On the Output Tab -- Enable the Checkbox Create HEX File

Re-Build your Target again to generate HEX Files

You can simulate your project using Keil Vision3 IDE by clicking the Debug
For Step Execution Press .

Steps

involved

in

Programming

ARM

Controller

using

Flash

Magic

Software:

Click the Desktop Shortcut after Installing the software

Configure the FlashMagic software so as not to RESET the hardware by clicking
Options Advanced Options
Navigate to the Hardware Config Tab and Disable the checkbox Use DTR and
RTS to control RST and P0.14

Configure Device, COM Port and Interface as above.

DO NOT enable the Erase all Flash+Code Rd Prot checkbox
Click Start button your HEX code would be successively flashed into the ROM.
Never press RESET or Power OFF the Kit when the Kit is being programmed.
If there is a problem in Programming or No response from the Kit RESET the Kit
and on FlashMagic navigate to ISP click Read Device Signature and
check for communication with the Kit

RTOS INTERFACE FOR DISPLAY:

A UCOS-II is a module that allows you to interface with character module. This software
package works with just about any character module based on the GDM12864B GLCD
Controller & Driver. The module allows you to:
A C/LCD assumes the presence of an RTOS to make the code thread safe. Which means that you
can invoke C/LCD functions from multiple tasks in a multitasking environments. A C/LCD only
requires semaphore services or its equivalent event.
This RTOS interface functions have been encapsulated in a file called LCD_OS.C

The Display format: 128*64 dots matrix graphic

It allows Easy interface with 8-bit MPU
Low power consumption
A LED backlight
Mostly Driving method are: 1/64 duty , 1/6.7 bias
The Controller IC: S6B0108

Here Microcontroller Design requires many tools that allow its students to fully experience the
possibilities of designing projects using Microcontroller. Main idea of this project is select a low
cost graphical LCD and design a driver that would allow such experiments and demonstrations to
be designed around. Most of the experiments used for ECE 476, a 16x2 Crystalfontz
Alphanumeric LCD is used as the major user output and represents the user interfaces. The
Alphanumeric LCDs display characters in predesignated blocks and the LCD screen and this
limits their use to simple number and character displays and crude images drawn from numbers
or characters.
example: a bouncing ball using the character o or other such graphical techniques using text.
Now this is suitable for many applications there are some which would benefit greatly from an
easy to use GLCD. In Most graphical LCDs are not supported by standard C libraries as are
simple alphanumeric displays so it becomes much more time consuming to use them in project.
Which can be especially prohibitive during regular laboratory experiments because they are often
designed to prove a specific Instructive idea and generating a driver for a graphical LCD cannot
be done during the allotted times. This paper and project outline the design of a graphical LCD
driver for the Crystalfontz CFAG12864B series 128 x 64 pixels graphical display which can be
easily modified to drive any Samsung KS0108 based graphical LCD.

Graphical Liquid Crystal Display interfacing pins:

PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLES & IMPLEMENTATION METHOD:

1. I/O Buffer
The Input buffer controls the status between the enable and disable of chip. Unless the
CS1B to CS3 is in active mode input or output of data and instruction does not executes.
Hence internal state is not changes. RSTB and ADC can operate regardless CSB-CS3.
2. Input register
The Input register is provided to interface with MPU which is different operating
frequencies, Input register stores the data temporarily before writing it into display RAM
memory.Whenever CS1B to CS3 are in the active mode R/W and RS select the input
registers. Data from MPU is written into input registers then writing it into display RAM
memory. The Data latched for falling of the E signal and write automatically into the
display data RAM by internal operations.
3. Output register
The Output register stores the data temporarily from display data RAM when CS1B
CS2B and CS3 are in active mode and R/W and RS=H stored data in display data RAM
is latched in output registers. When CS1B to CS3 is in active mode and R/W=H RS=L
status data (busy check) can read out from memory. In order to read the contents of
display data RAM, twice access of read instruction is needed. The first access data in
display data RAM is latched into output register and in second access MPU can read data
which is latched out, which is to read the data in display data RAM it needs dummy read.

4. Reset
System can be initialized by setting RSTB terminal at low level when turning power on
receiving
instruction from MPU unit, When RSTB becomes low following procedure occurs.
1. The Display off.

2. Display start line register become set by 0 (Z-address 0).

When RSTB is low no other instruction except status read can by accepted
therefore,execute other instructions after making sure that DB4= (clear RSTB) and
DB7=0 (ready) by status read instructions.
5.X Page Register
The X page register designates pages of the internal display data RAM memory. Count
function is not available here. Any address can be set by instruction of programmer.
6. Y address counter
Similar to X, Y address counter designates address of the internal display data RAM
memory. This address is set by instruction and is increased by 1 automatically by read or
write operations of display data of given array.
7. Display Data RAM
DDRAM stores a display data for liquid crystal display, to indicate on state dot matrix of
liquid crystal display and write datra1. Other way off state writes 0.
DDRAM address and segment output can be controlled by ADC signals.
ADC=H => Y-address 0: S1~Y address 63: S64
ADC=L => Y-address 0: S64~Yaddress 63: S1
ADC terminal connect the VDD or VSS.
8. Display Start Line Register
Display start line register indicates of display data RAM to display top line of LCD. The
Bit data (DB<0.5>) of the display start line set instruction is latched in display start line.
Here Latched data is transferred to the Z address counter while FRM is high, presetting
the Z address which is used for scrolling of the liquid crystal display.

Display Control Instruction:

Display control instructions control the internal state of the KS0108B. Instruction is
received from MPUto KS0108B for the display controlling. Following table shows various
instructions.

Interface Functions:
The C/LCD assumes the presence of a real-time kernel such as C/OS-II
because it requires a semaphore and time delay service. Display module makes use of a
binary semaphore to prevent multiple tasks from accessing the display at the same time
event. By the use of the semaphore is encapsulated in an OS specific file so you can
actually use C/LCD with the RTOS of your requirement.

Below shows a block diagram of the LCD module. Your application knows about the
display only through the interface functions provided.

C/LCD interface functions

1)DispChar(): This function allows you to display a single character anywhere on the display.
Function Prototype: void DispChar(INT8U row, INT8U col, INT8U c);

row and col specifies the coordinates (row, col) where the character will appear. rows (i.e., lines)
are numbered from 0 to DispMaxRows 1, and columns are numbered from 0 to DispMaxCols
1.

2)DispClrLine():this function allows your application to clear one of the LCD module's lines. The line
is basically filled with the ASCII character i.e. 0x20. Here Arguments
line is the line (i.e., row) to clear. Note that lines are numbered from 0 to DispMaxRows.

3)DispClrScr(): this function allows you to clear the screen. The cursor is positioned on the top
leftmost character.

4)DispDefChar(): This function allows you to define up to eight custom 5x8 pixel characters or
symbols, fonts which is one of the most powerful features of the LCD modules because it allows you
to create graphics such as icons, bar graphs, arrows, etc,.
void DispDefChar(INT8U id, INT8U *pat)

You need to do to define a new character or symbol is to declare an initialized array of INT8Us
containing eight entries and call DispDefChar()

5)DispHorBar() : This function is used to display horizontal bars anywhere on the screen.
void DispHorBar(INT8U row, INT8U col, INT8U val);

We can use C/LCD to create remarkably high quality bargraphs. The linear bargraph is an excellent
trend indicator and can greatly enhance operator also depending on the size of the module, many
bargraphs can be simultaneously displayed on LCD. C/LCD allows you to display bar graphs of any

size anywhere on the screen.

6)DispInit(): This function is used to initializes the hardware, creates a semaphore, and sets the
operating mode of the LCD module.

The initialization code for the module and must be invoked before any of the other functions.
DispInit() assumes the presense of a real-time kernel such as C/OS-II since it uses services provided
by the kernel structure.

7)DispStr(): This function allows you to display ASCII strings anywhere on the displays. we can
easily display either integer or floating-point numbers using the standard library functions itoa(),
ltoa(), sprintf(), etc Of course, we should ensure that these functions are reentrant if you are using
them in a multitasking.
WORK FLOW:

To the high end devices, at times devices may malfunction or totally fail due to long
duration of usage or any technical problem which give fatal results. Embedded technology is
necessary for continuously collecting values from onsite and later analyzing that as well as
taking proper measures to solve the problems. Now a day systems that are in use are non real
time operating systems based on mono-task mechanism that hardly satisfies the current
specifications.
The key characteristic of an operating system (OS) is its ability to handle to multiple
tasks at a time on a time sharing basis commonly known as Multi-tasking, synchronizing and
responsible for managing the hardware resources of a computer and hosting applications that
execute on the RTOS kernel structure. Real-time operating system is a specialized type of
operating system where execution of tasks has to be done precisely without exceeding the
deadlines and is intended to use for Real-time events.
We will focus on porting of C/OS-II in ARM7 controller that performs multitasking and
time scheduling process. Here C/OS II features and its porting to ARM7 are implemented. Then
it provides an overview for design of embedded system using C/OS II and with respect to the
response of the applications, various features can be implemented.
The C/OS II (pronounced "Micro C O S 2" ) stands for Microcontroller Operating
System Version 2 and can be termed as C/OS-II or uC/OS-II ), this is a very small real-time
kernel with memory footprint is about 20KB for a fully functional kernel and source code is
about 500 lines and is mostly in ANSI C language. The source is open but not free for
commercial use. C/OS-II is upward compatible with C/OS V1.11 but provides many

improvements such as the addition of a fixed sized memory manager task deletion task switch,
Task Control Block(TCB) extensions support.

IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of this concept consists of both Hardware and Software Approach.
1)Hardware Approach:
In the proposed system comprises a Master node controlled by the LPC2148
microcontroller which is having an ARM7TDMI based processor. COSII RTOS is ported into
this microcontroller and control commands can be given from this section. Environment Real
time temperature value, voltage levels at sensor node and intrusions which are relayed wirelessly
from sensor node are, also displayed on a Graphical LCD.
Also the master node is equipped with a touch screen module which acts as the input
device for user input. Selection between various parameters such as display of temperature,
voltage, switching ON/OFF of motor on sensor node can be done using this touch screen. This
master node communicates with
sensor node using Xbee modules which provide a serial wireless communication protocol. These
Xbee module is connected to UART of the LPC2148 and thus, data is relayed to and from the
microcontroller serially.
2)Software Approach:
In any application C/OS-II is started as shown in the below figure .Initially the hardware
and software are initialized. The hardware is the ARM core and software is the C/OS-II. The
resources are allocated for the tasks defined in the application.
Then the scheduler is started and it alligns tasks in pre-emptive manner. All these are
carried out using specified Functions defined in C/OS-II.
As shown in the figure.

Initialization of the task1 and task2 is been done. Although supports for total 64 tasks all
of them are not used at a time in application therefore with respect to demand the task must be
created.
C/OS-II can run with maximum number of tasks of 64. The figure shown below the application
has six threads.

Based On the required application the number of tasks may varies. For demonstrating a
sample experiment to understand the porting of COSII we can perform simple tasks like
Temperature sensor (ADC) Graphical LCD (degree to graphical Fahrenheit) UART (Serial
communication) LED toggle(8bit data flow control) Buzzer (alarm device).
ARM runs the Real time operating system to collect information from the external events.
RTOS is used to achieve real time data acquisitions. C/OS-II kernel is ported in ARM powered
microcontroller for the implementation of multitasking and time scheduling as shown in previous
sections.
These two tasks (temperature and touch input) will acquire the values from the inbuilt
ADC through channels 6 and channel 7.As soon as the values has been taken from ADC
semaphore will be acquired by the tasks 1 and 2.
The data to be sent to the hyper Terminal is to be converted firstly into the ASCII by Hex
to ASCII conversion at the intermediated stage.

When once it is sent data to the hyper terminal semaphores acquired by the tasks will be
released and in order to have the continuous check for all the above process the delay of 1 second
is taken and all the will be repeated always. In order to focus on the features of RTOS task 3 is
been reserved for the keypad application and similar to that the task 4 is been reserved with the

GLCD. When ever the task 3 is activated at the same time task5 will be triggered which will
simply implement the mutex by semaphore of previous task.
Now the next task5 will communicate to task 4 and Value receives through the task 3 it
simply display it on to the GLCD at the same time it is also checked that whether the pressed key
accordingly the current value related to it will be transferred to the hyper terminal serially.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Support is an ideal system for issues related to timing integrity, the extra traffic caused by
the inter layer interaction in large industries. In the existing prototype, we have noticed that,
bulks of messages are transmitted between nodes so there are chances of message collision in
transmission. In the proposed system we avoid this problem by optimizing the architecture and
enhancing the system resources by implementing Real Time Operating System which manages
the shared resources in real time environments, Besides the RTOS this system also provides
power efficiency.

This proposed system comprises a Master node controlled by a micro controller having
ARM7 processor. Ucos-II RTOS is ported into the micro controller and control commands can be
input from this section. Various sensors like temperature voltage fire and infrared are placed on
data acquisition node and Real time temperature values voltage levels at Data acquisition node
are wirelessly relayed and also displayed on GLCD at Master node which is works on touch
screen module. Master node communicates with data acquisition node using Zigbee
communication and sensors works on their basic principles individually like IR sensor alarms a
buzzer when any object is detected.
The prototype consist of two nodes one works with PIC and other with ARM7 TDMIS to
measure the sensor values of industrial machines all of these sensors are connected to PIC where
all of the analog values are converted to digital i,e the temperature and pot values. Which can
done by ADCON0 and ADCON1 with 10 bit resolution in burst conversion and keeps track of
the analog sensor values in burst mode. This conversion requires 2.44S of time to convert one
analog sample to 10bit digital data, further this configuration of ADC requires frequency which
must be less than or equal to 4.5M.Hz in order to sample effectively. Now the converted digital
values represent the conditions of the data acquisition section to monitor these values at the
ARM node we have to transmit these values serially through UART with 9600 baud rate at 8 bit
data transfer and 1 stop bit with no parity.
This is the functionality of the node one. In order to monitor the machine parameters we
have to receive the sensor values which are transmitted through PIC section here in order to
efficiently establish communication between two nodes ARM node is also configured with same
UART configuration just as PIC, i.e. with 9600 baud rate, 8 bit, 1 stop bit, and no parity, this is
done by configuring U0LCR register initially with DLAB=1, 8bit, 1stop bit, and no parity bits.
When this configuration we have to load the latch register values as U0DLL = [pclk/(16*baud
rate)]%256 and finally disable the DLAB bit.
The values which are received serially are stored in U0RBR register, now these have to
display on GLCD as graph that too depending on user input selection which is done on Touch
screen. This touch screen consists of four pins in them two pins are connected to ADC pins of
ARM which calibrates the touch position with change of resistance. So we would be fixing two
values with calculated X & Y position of the screen. So depending on the value the respective

sensor values can be displayed on the serene, this graph display is configured through page
selection and data driven to GLCD. This is the complete system configuration.
Now ARM node which works with RTOS has the following resources:
1) Touch resolution(ADC)
2) Serial data reception(UART)
3) Graph display (GPIO)
To get these resource functions we have to create a task in UCOS2, this is done as follows:

In Ucos2 kernal we can assign priorities for each of these tasks here the highest priority we can
give to touch screen, and lowest to GLCD.

CHAPTER-6

CHAPTER-6
SOFTWARE TOOLS
6.1 TYPES OF TOOLS:
KEIL C
Flash Magic
ORCAD
Capture
Layout

6.1.1 KEIL C:
Keil software is the leading vendor for 8/16-bit development tools (ranked at
first position in the 2004 embedded market study of the embedded system and EE
times magazine).
Keil software is represented world wide in more than 40 countries, since the
market introduction in 1988; the keil C51 compiler is the de facto industry standard

and supports more than 500 current 8051 device variants. Now, keil software offers
development tools for ARM.
Keil software makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels,
debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, and evaluation boards for 8051,
251, ARM and XC16x/C16x/ST10 microcontroller families.
The Keil C51 C Compiler for the 8051 microcontroller is the most popular
8051 C compiler in the world. It provides more features than any other 8051 C
compiler available today.
The C51 Compiler allows you to write 8051 microcontroller applications in
C that, once compiled, have the efficiency and speed of assembly language.
Language extensions in the C51 Compiler give you full access to all resources of
the 8051.
The C51 Compiler translates C source files into relocatable object modules
which contain full symbolic information for debugging with the Vision Debugger
or an in-circuit emulator. In addition to the object file, the compiler generates a
listing file which may optionally include symbol table and cross reference

Nine basic data types, including 32-bit IEEE floating-point,

Flexible variable allocation with bit, data, bdata, idata, xdata, and
memory types,

Interrupt functions may be written in C,

Full use of the 8051 register banks,

Complete symbol and type information for source-level debugging,

Use of AJMP and ACALL instructions,

pdata

Bit-addressable data objects,

Built-in interface for the RTX51 real time kernels,
Support for the Philips 8xC750, 8xC751, and 8xC752 limited
sets,

instruction

Support for the Infineon 80C517 arithmetic unit.

6.1.2 FLASH MAGIC:

Flash magic can control the entry into ISP mode of some microcontroller
devices by using the COM port handshaking signals to control the device.
Typically the handshaking signals are used to control such pins as Reset, PSEN
and VCC. The exact pins used depend on the specific device.
When this feature is supported, Flash Magic will automatically place the
device into ISP mode at the beginning of an ISP operation. Flash Magic will then
automatically cause the device to execute code at the end of the ISP operation.
6.1.3 ORCAD:
ORCAD really consists of tools. Capture is used for design entry in
schematic form. You will probably be already familiar with looking at circuits in
this form from working with other tools in your university courses. Layout is a
tool for designing the physical layout of components and circuits on a PCB.
During the design process, you will move back and forth between these two tools.
The design flow diagram is given below:

Fig.6.1. Design window of ORCAD

6.1.4 DESIGN FLOW OF ORCAD:

CHAPTER-7

CHAPTER-7
HARDWARE TOOLS

7. 2.7 Zigbee Module

The XBee/XBee-PRO RF Modules are designed to operate within the ZigBee

protocol and support the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor
networks. The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data
between remote devices. The modules operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency
band and are compatible with the following:

XBee RS-232 Adapter

XBee RS-232 PH (Power Harvester) Adapter

XBee RS-485 Adapter

XBee Analog I/O Adapter

XBee Digital I/O Adapter

XBee Sensor Adapter

XBee USB Adapter

XStick

Connect Port X Gateways

XBee Wall Router.

The XBee/XBee-PRO ZB firmware release can be installed on XBee modules. This

firmware is compatible with the ZigBee 2007 specification, while the ZNet 2.5
firmware is based on Ember's proprietary "designed for ZigBee" mesh stack
(EmberZNet 2.5). ZB and ZNet 2.5 firmware are similar in nature, but not over-theair compatible. Devices running ZNet 2.5 firmware cannot talk to devices running
the ZB firmware.

2.7.1 Key Features:

High Performance, Low Cost

Indoor/Urban: up to 300 (100 m)

Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 1 mile (1.6 km)

Transmit Power Output: 100 mW (20 dBm) EIRP

Receiver Sensitivity: -102 dBmRF Data rate: 250,000 bps.

Advanced Networking & Security

Retries and Acknowledgements

DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)

Each direct sequence channel has over 65,000 unique network

addresses available

Point-to-point topology

point-to-multipoint topology

Self-routing, self-healing and fault-tolerant

mesh networking

Low Power

TX Current: 295 mA (@3.3 V)

RX Current: 45 mA (@3.3 V)

Power-down Current: < 1 A @ 25oC

Easy-to-Use

No configuration necessary for out-of box

RF communications

AT and API Command Modes for configuring module parameters

Small form factor

Extensive command set

Free X-CTU Software (Testing and configuration software)

2.7.2 Mounting Considerations

The XBee modules were designed to mount into a receptacle (socket) and
therefore do not require any soldering when mounting it to a board. The XBee-PRO

Development Kits contain RS- 232 and USB interface boards which use two 20-pin
receptacles to receive modules. Figure 4.7.2 XBeePRO Module Mounting to an RS
232 Interface Board.

Figure 2.7.2 Zigbee Module Mounting to an RS232 Interface Board .

The receptacles used on Digi development boards are manufactured by Century

Interconnect. Several other manufacturers provide comparable mounting solutions;
however, Digi currently uses the following receptacles:

Through-hole single-row receptacles - Samtec P/N: MMS-110-01-L-SV (or

equivalent)

Surface-mount double-row receptacles Century Interconnect P/N: CPRMSL20D-0-1

Surface-mount single-row receptacles - Samtec P/N: SMM-110-02-SM-S

LM 35
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly

proportional to the Celsius

(Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over

linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain
convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of 14C at room
temperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C temperature
range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer
level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry
especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus
and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its supply, it has very
low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to
operate over a 55 to +150C temperature range, while the LM35C is
rated for a 40 to +110C range (10 with improved accuracy). The
LM35 series is available

packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor

packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in
the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an
8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220
package.

Features

Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor

0.5C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25C)

Rated for full 55 to +150C range

Suitable for remote applications

Low cost due to wafer-level trimming

Operates from 4 to 30 volts

Less than 60 A current drain

Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air

Nonlinearity only 14C typical

Low impedance output, 0.1 for 1 mA load

touch screen technology

A touchscreen is a display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area,
generally refers to touch or contact to the display of the device by a finger or hand. touchscreen is also an input
device. The screens are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words
on the screen,Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus, The touchscreen has two
main attributes. First, it enables one to interact with what is displayed directly on the screen, where it is
displayed, rather than indirectly with amouse or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any
intermediate device, again, such as a stylus that needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can be attached to
computers or, as terminals, to networks. They also play a prominent role in the design of digital appliances
such as the personal digital assistant (PDA),satellite navigation devices, mobile phones, and video games

Technologies

There are a number of types of touchscreen technology available now

1.Resistive
A resistive touchscreen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of which are two thin, metallic,
electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap. When an object, such as a finger, presses down on a
point on the panel's outer surface the two metallic layers become connected at that point: the panel then
behaves as a pair of voltage dividers with connected outputs. This causes a change in the electrical current
which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing. In another way The resistive
system consists of a normal glass panel that is covered with a conductive and a resistive metallic layer. These
two layers are held apart by spacers, and a scratch-resistant layer is placed on top of the whole setup. An
electrical current runs through the two layers while the monitor is operational. When a user touches the screen,
the two layers make contact in that exact spot. The change in the electrical field is noted and the coordinates of
the point of contact are calculated by the computer. Once the coordinates are known, a special driver translates
the touch into something that the operating system can understand, much as a computer mouse driver translates
a mouse's movements into a click or a drag.

2.Surface acoustic wave

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sumit technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touchscreen panel.
When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the
position of the touch event and sends this information to the controller for processing. Surface wave touch
screen panels can be damaged by outside elements. Contaminants on the surface can also interfere with the
functionality of the touchscreen,an din surface acoustic wave system, two transducers (one receiving and one
sending) are placed along the x and y axes of the monitor's glass plate. Also placed on the glass are reflectors -they reflect an electrical signal sent from one transducer to the other. The receiving transducer is able to tell if
the wave has been disturbed by a touch event at any instant, and can locate it accordingly. The wave setup has
no metallic layers on the screen, allowing for 100-percent light throughput and perfect image clarity. This
makes the surface acoustic wave system best for displaying detailed graphics (both other systems have

significant degradation in clarity).

3.Capacitive
capacitive touchscreen panel consists of an insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as
indium tin oxide (ITO).[2][3]As the human body is also a conductor, touching the surface of the screen results
in a distortion of the local electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different technologies
may be used to determine the location of the touch. The location can be passed to a computer running a
software application which will calculate how the user's touch relates to the computer software. And in
capacitive system, a layer that stores electrical charge is placed on the glass panel of the monitor. When a user
touches the monitor with his or her finger, some of the charge is transferred to the user, so the charge on the
capacitive layer decreases. This decrease is measured in circuits located at each corner of the monitor. The
computer calculates, from the relative differences in charge at each corner, exactly where the touch event took
place and then relays that information to the touch-screen driver software. One advantage that the capacitive
system has over the resistive system is that it transmits almost 90 percent of the light from the monitor,
whereas the resistive system only transmits about 75 percent. This gives the capacitive system a much clearer
picture than the resistive system

4.Surface capacitance
In this basic technology, only one side of the insulator is coated with a conductive layer. A small voltage is
applied to the layer, resulting in a uniform electrostatic field. When a conductor, such as a human finger,
touches the uncoated surface, a capacitor is dynamically formed. The sensor's controller can determine the
location of the touch indirectly from the change in the capacitance as measured from the four corners of the
panel. As it has no moving parts, it is moderately durable but has limited resolution, is prone to false signals
from parasitic capacitive coupling, and needs calibration during manufacture. It is therefore most often used in
simple applications such as industrial controls and kiosks.

5.Projected capacitance

Projected Capacitive Touch (PCT) technology is a capacitive technology which permits more accurate and
flexible operation, by etching the conductive layer. An XY array is formed either by etching a single layer to
form a grid pattern of electrodes, or by etching two separate, perpendicular layers of conductive material with
parallel lines or tracks to form the grid (comparable to the pixel grid found in many LCDdisplays).
Applying voltage to the array creates a grid of capacitors. Bringing a finger or conductive stylus close to the
surface of the sensor changes the local electrostatic field. The capacitance change at every individual point on
the grid can be measured to accurately determine the touch location.[5] The use of a grid permits a higher
resolution than resistive technology and also allows multi-touch operation. The greater resolution of PCT
allows operation without direct contact, such that the conducting layers can be coated with further protective
insulating layers, and operate even under screen protectors, or behind weather and vandal-proof glass.
PCT is used in a wide range of applications including point of sale systems, smartphones, and public
information kiosks. Visual Planet's ViP Interactive Foil is an example of a kiosk PCT product, where a gloved
hand can register a touch on a sensor surface through a glass window.[6]Examples of consumer devices using
projected capacitive touchscreens include Apple Inc.'s iPhone and iPod Touch, HTC's HD2, G1, and HTC
Hero, Motorola's Droid, Palm Inc.'s Palm Pre and Palm Pixi and more recently the LG KM900 Arena,
Microsoft's Zune HD, Sony Walkman X series, Sony Ericsson's Aino and now Vidalco's Edge, D1 and Jewel,
and the Nokia X6 phone.

6.Infrared
Conventional optical-touch systems use an array of infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on two adjacent
bezel edges of a display, with photosensors placed on the two opposite bezel edges to analyze the system and
determine a touch event. The LED and photosensor pairs create a grid of light beams across the display. An
object (such as a finger or pen) that touches the screen interrupts the light beams, causing a measured decrease
in light at the corresponding photosensors. The measured photosensor outputs can be used to locate a touchpoint coordinate.
Widespread adoption of infrared touchscreens has been hampered by two factors: the relatively high cost of the
technology compared to competing touch technologies and the issue of performance in bright ambient light.

This latter problem is a result of background light increasing the noise floor at the optical sensor, sometimes to
such a degree that the touchscreens LED light cannot be detected at all, causing a temporary failure of the
touch screen. This is most pronounced in direct sunlight conditions where the sun has a very high energy
distribution in the infrared region.
However, certain features of infrared touch remain desirable and represent attributes of the ideal touchscreen,
including the option to eliminate the glass or plastic overlay that most other touch technologies require in front
of the display. In many cases, this overlay is coated with an electrically conducting transparent material such as
ITO, which reduces the optical quality of the display. This advantage of optical touchscreens is extremely
important for many device and display vendors since devices are often sold on the perceived quality of the user
display experience.
Another feature of infrared touch which has been long desired is the digital nature of the sensor output when
compared to many other touch systems that rely on analog-signal processing to determine a touch position.
These competing analog systems normally require continual re-calibration, have complex signal-processing
demands (which adds cost and power consumption), demonstrate reduced accuracy and precision compared to
a digital system, and have longer-term system-failure modes due to the operating environment.

7.Strain gauge
In a strain gauge configuration, also called force panel technology, the screen is spring-mounted on the four
corners and strain gauges are used to determine deflection when the screen is touched. This technology has
been around since the 1960s but new advances by Vissumo and F-Origin have made the solution commercially
viable. It can also measure the Z-axis and the force of a person's touch. Such screens are typically used in
exposed public systems such as ticket machines due to their resistance to vandalism.

8.Optical imaging
A relatively-modern development in touchscreen technology, two or more image sensors are placed around the
edges (mostly the corners) of the screen. Infrared backlights are placed in the camera's field of view on the
other sides of the screen. A touch shows up as a shadow and each pair of cameras can then be triangulated to

locate the touch or even measure the size of the touching object (see visual hull). This technology is growing in
popularity, due to its scalability, versatility, and affordability, especially for larger units.
[edit]Dispersive signal technology
Introduced in 2002 by 3M, this system uses sensors to detect the mechanical energy in the glass that occurs
due to a touch. Complex algorithms then interpret this information and provide the actual location of the touch.
[10] The technology claims to be unaffected by dust and other outside elements, including scratches. Since
there is no need for additional elements on screen, it also claims to provide excellent optical clarity. Also, since
mechanical vibrations are used to detect a touch event, any object can be used to generate these events,
including fingers and stylus. A downside is that after the initial touch the system cannot detect a motionless
finger.

9.Acoustic pulse recognition

This system, introduced by Tyco International's Elo division in 2006, uses more than two piezoelectric
transducers located at some positions of the screen to turn the mechanical energy of a touch (vibration) into an
electronic signal.[11] The screen hardware then uses an algorithm to determine the location of the touch based
on the transducer signals. This process is similar to triangulation used in GPS. The touchscreen itself is made
of ordinary glass, giving it good durability and optical clarity. It is usually able to function with scratches and
dust on the screen with good accuracy. The technology is also well suited to displays that are physically larger.
As with the Dispersive Signal Technology system, after the initial touch, a motionless finger cannot be
detected. However, for the same reason, the touch recognition is not disrupted by any resting objects.
10.Coded LCD: Bidirectional Screen
A new system that turns LCD displays into giant cameras that provide gestural control of objects on-screen
[12] was introduced by MIT Media Lab in December, 2009. Instead of an LCD, an array of pinholes is placed
in front of sensors. Light passing through each pinhole strikes a small block of sensors producing a lowresolution image. Since each pinhole image is taken from a slightly different position, all combined images
provide a good depth information about the sensed image.
Pinholes are problematic because they allow very little light to reach the sensors, requiring impractically long

exposure times. Instead of pinholes, an array of liquid crystals could work similarly but more effectively: The
LCD's panel is composed of patterns of 19-by-19 blocks, each divided into a regular pattern of differently
sized black-and-white rectangles. Each white area of the bi-colored pixels allows light to pass through.
Background software uses 4D light fields to calculate depth map, changes the scene, and collects gesture
information. The LCD alternates between mask pattern display and a normal scene display at a very high
frequency/rate.

CHAPTER-8
8. CONCLUSION
. The RTOS is to manage the allocation of these resources to users in an orderly and controlled
manner. This wireless sensor node is composed of a micro-processors, transceivers, displays and
analog to digital converters. Sensor nodes are deployed for industrial process monitoring and
control. The sensing parameters can be displayed as graph in Master node. The basic view of this
technique is to reduce the possibility of collision and to meet the critical requirement of timing
for data transmission of industrial applications