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Text Part Number: OL-0894-01
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CONTENTS
Overview
Who Should Use This Guide iii
Document Objectives iv
Document Organization iv
Document Conventions iv
Related Documentation v
Obtaining Documentation v
World Wide Web v
Documentation CD-ROM v
Ordering Documentation v
Documentation Feedback vi
Obtaining Technical Assistance vi
Cisco.com vi
Technical Assistance Center vii
Contacting TAC by Using the Cisco TAC Website vii
Contacting TAC by Telephone vii
C H AP TER
C H AP TER
Contents
C H AP TER
C H AP TER
ii
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Contents
A PPE NDI X
A PPE NDI X
A PPE NDI X
iii
Contents
iv
OL-0894-01
Overview, pageiii
Overview
The Session Initiation Protocol Gateway Call Flows and Compliance Information provide call flows
reflective of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) implementation on Cisco gateways. This document
also includes RFC 2543 compliance information.
iii
Document Objectives
The Session Initiation Protocol Gateway Call Flows and Compliance Information provides reference
information for implementing SIP in a Voice-over-IP (VoIP) network.
It is not the intent of this document to provide information on how to implement a SIP VoIP network.
For information on implementing a SIP VoIP network, refer to the documents listed in the Related
Documentation section on pagev.
Document Organization
This administrator guide is divided into the following chapters and appendixes:
Chapter1, SIP Messages and Methods Overview provides an overview of SIP messages and
methods.
Chapter2, Successful Call Flow Scenarios provides illustrations and descriptions of call flows for
successful calls.
Chapter3, Call Flow Scenarios for Failed Calls provides illustrations and descriptions of call
flows for failed calls.
AppendixA, SIP Gateway Support for Third Party Call Control describes the SIP Gateway
Support for Third-Party Call Control feature that is introduced in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(1)T.
Appendix B, SIP Diversion Header Implementation for Redirecting Number describes the SIP
Diversion Header Implementation for Redirecting Number feature that is introduced in Cisco IOS
Release 12.2(1)T.
Appendix C, Troubleshooting Tips for Call Flow Scenarios describes the debugccsipmessages
command traces the SIP messages exchanges between the SIP User Agent client and the gateway in
the Cisco IOS Release12.2(2)XB.
Document Conventions
Table1 describes the conventions that might be used in this document.
Table1
Convention
Description
boldface
italic
{x|x|x}
^ orCtrl
Represent the key labeled Control . For example, when you read ^D or
Ctrl-D, you should hold down the Control key while you press the D key.
screen font
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Table1
Convention
Description
<
>
Related Documentation
The following is a list of related Cisco SIP VoIP publications. For more information about implementing
a SIP VoIP network refer to the following publications:
The following is a list of Cisco VoIP publications that provide information about implementing a VoIP
network:
Cisco IOS Voice, Video, and Fax Configuration Guide , Release 12.2
Obtaining Documentation
These sections explain how to obtain documentation from Cisco Systems.
Documentation CD-ROM
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a Cisco Documentation CD-ROM
package, which is shipped with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM is updated monthly and may
be more current than printed documentation. The CD-ROM package is available as a single unit or
through an annual subscription.
Ordering Documentation
You can order Cisco documentation in these ways:
Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order Cisco product documentation from
the Networking Products MarketPlace:
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/order/order_root.pl
Registered Cisco.com users can order the Documentation CD-ROM through the online Subscription
Store:
http://www.cisco.com/go/subscription
Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by
calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters (California, U.S.A.) at 408526-7208 or, elsewhere
in North America, by calling 800553-NETS (6387).
Documentation Feedback
You can submit comments electronically on Cisco.com. In the Cisco Documentation home page, click
the Fax or Email option in the Leave Feedback section at the bottom of the page.
You can e-mail your comments to bug-doc@cisco.com.
You can submit your comments by mail by using the response card behind the front cover of your
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We appreciate your comments.
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anywhere in the world.
Cisco.com is a highly integrated Internet application and a powerful, easy-to-use tool that provides a
broad range of features and services to help you with these tasks:
If you want to obtain customized information and service, you can self-register on Cisco.com. To access
Cisco.com, go to this URL:
http://www.cisco.com
vi
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Priority level 4 (P4)You need information or assistance concerning Cisco product capabilities,
product installation, or basic product configuration.
Priority level 2 (P2)Your production network is severely degraded, affecting significant aspects
of business operations. No workaround is available.
Priority level 1 (P1)Your production network is down, and a critical impact to business operations
will occur if service is not restored quickly. No workaround is available.
The Cisco TAC resource that you choose is based on the priority of the problem and the conditions of
service contracts, when applicable.
vii
Before calling, please check with your network operations center to determine the level of Cisco support
services to which your company is entitled: for example, SMARTnet, SMARTnet Onsite, or Network
Supported Accounts (NSA). When you call the center, please have available your service agreement
number and your product serial number.
viii
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C H A P T E R
Format
All SIP messages are either requests from a server or client or responses to a request. The messages are
formatted according to RFC 822, Standard for the format of ARPA internet text messages. For all
messages, the general format is:
A start line
An empty line
Requests
SIP uses six types (methods) of requests:
ACKConfirms that the client has received a final response to an INVITE request.
BYETerminates a call and can be sent by either the caller or the callee.
CANCELCancels any pending searches but does not terminate a call that has already been
accepted.
REGISTERRegisters the address listed in the To header field with a SIP server.
1-1
Chapter1
Responses
The following types of responses are used by SIP and generated by the Cisco SIP Proxy Server:
SIP is a new protocol developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Multiparty Multimedia
Session Control (MMUSIC) Working Group as an alternative to the ITU-T H.323 specification. SIP is
defined by RFC 2543 and is used for multimedia call session setup and control over IP networks.
1-2
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C H A P T E R
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via SIP Redirect Server, page 2-5
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via SIP Proxy Server, page 2-9
2.
3.
2-1
Chapter2
Figure1
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
2-2
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Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter indicates that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with User B via PBXB.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
AlertingPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
PBX B locates User B and sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2. User Bs
phone begins ringing.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180 Ringing
response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying to alert, User B.
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to User A via PBX A. The Alert message
indicates that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response from SIP
gateway 2. User A hears the ringback tone that indicates that User B is being
alerted.
At this point, a one-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
10
ConnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
User B answers phone. PBX B sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 2. The
Connect message notifies SIP gateway 2 that the connection has been made.
2-3
Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
11
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As media
capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
12
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
13
14
SIP gateway 1 sends a an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 1 has received the 200 OK response from SIP gateway 2.
15
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
16
DisconnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
Once User B hangs up, PBX B sends a Disconnect message to SIP gateway 2.
The Disconnect message starts the call session termination process.
17
SIP Gateway 2 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request
indicates that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to
terminate the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP
URL and the From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
18
ReleaseSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
19
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBXA
20
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
21
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
22
Release CompletePBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
23
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the session is
terminated.
2-4
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Chapter2
User A calls User B via SIP gateway 1 using a SIP redirect server.
2.
3.
2-5
Chapter2
Figure2
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
2-6
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Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP redirect server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter distinquishes that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
The SIP redirect server sends a 300 Multiple Choice response to SIP gateway 1.
The 300 Multiple Choice response indicates that the SIP redirect server accepted
the INVITE request, contacted a location server with all or part of User Bs SIP
URL, and the location server provided a list of alternative locations where User
B might be located. The SIP redirect server returns these possible addresses to
SIP gateway 1 in the 300 Multiple Choice response.
SIP gateway 1 acknowledges the 300 Multiple Choice response with an ACK.
SIP gateway 1 sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The new INVITE
request includes the first contact listed in the 300 Multiple Choice response as
the new address for User B, a higher transaction number in the CSeq field, and
the same Call-ID as the first INVITE request.
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with User B via PBXB.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located.
10
AlertingPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
PBX B locates User B and sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2. User Bs
phone begins to ring.
2-7
Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
11
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180 Ringing
response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying to alert, User B.
12
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to PBX A. User A hears ringback tone.
At this point, a one-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBXA and between SIP gateway 2 and PBXB.
A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
13
ConnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
User B answers phone. PBX B sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 2. The
Connect message notifies SIP gateway 2 that the connection has been made.
14
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As media
capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400 Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
15
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
16
17
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that the 200
OK response has been received.
The call is now in progress over a two-way voice path via RTP.
18
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBXA and between SIP gateway 2 and PBXB.
A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
19
DisconnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
Once User B hangs up, PBX B sends a Disconnect message to SIP gateway 2.
The Disconnect message starts the call session termination process.
20
SIP gateway 2 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request indicates
that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to terminate
the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP URL and the
From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
21
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBXA
22
ReleaseSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
23
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
24
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
2-8
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Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
25
Release CompletePBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
26
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the session is
terminated.
2.
3.
2-9
Chapter2
Figure3
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via SIP Proxy Server with Record Route Enabled
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
2-10
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Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
Proxy Server
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP proxy server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter distinquishes that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The SIP proxy server checks whether its own address is contained in the Via
field (to prevent loops), directly copies the To, From, Call-ID, and Contact fields
from the request it received from SIP gateway 1, changes the Request-URI to
indicate the server to which it intends to send the INVITE request, and then
sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 2.
In the INVITE request, the SIP proxy server also adds the Record-Route header
to ensure that it is in the path of subsequent SIP requests for the same call leg.
In the Record-Route field, the SIP proxy server adds its Request-URI.
The SIP proxy server sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1.
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from the SIP proxy server and
initiates a Call Setup with UserB via PBXB.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the SIP proxy server. The SIP
proxy server might or might not forward the 100 Trying response to SIP gateway
1.
AlertingPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
PBX B locates User B and sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2. User Bs
phone begin to ring.
10
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to the SIP proxy server.
2-11
Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
11
The SIP proxy server forwards the 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1.
12
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to User A via PBX A. The Alert message
indicates that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response. User A hears
the ringback tone that indicates that User B is being alerted.
At this point, a one-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
13
ConnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
User B answers the phone. PBX B sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 2.
The connect message notifies SIP gateway 2 that the connection has been made.
14
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to the SIP proxy server. The 200 OK
response notifies the SIP proxy server that the connection has been made.
In the 200 OK response, the SIP gateway 2 adds the Record-Route header
(received in the INVITE request) to ensure that it is in the path of subsequent
SIP requests for the same call leg.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by the SIP proxy server, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As
media capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400 Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
The SIP proxy server must forward 200 OK responses.
15
The SIP proxy server forwards the 200 OK response that it received from SIP
gateway 2 to SIP gateway 1.
16
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
17
18
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to the SIP proxy server. The ACK confirms that
SIP gateway 1 has received the 200 OK response from the SIP proxy server.
19
Depending on the values in the To, From, CSeq, and Call-ID field, the SIP proxy
server might process the ACK locally or proxy it. If the fields in the ACK match
those in previous requests processed by the SIP proxy server, the server proxies
the ACK. If there is no match, the ACK is proxied as if it were an INVITE
request.
The SIP proxy server forwards SIP gateway 1s ACK response to SIP gateway 2.
20
SIP gateway 2 acknowledges PBX Bs Connect message. The call session is now
active.
The 2-way voice path is established directly between SIP gateway 1 and SIP
gateway 2; not via the SIP proxy server.
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
21
DisconnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
2-12
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Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
22
SIP gateway 2 sends a BYE request to the SIP proxy server. The BYE request
indicates that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to
terminate the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP
URL and the From field contains UserBs SIP URL.
23
The SIP proxy server forwards the BYE request to SIP gateway 1.
24
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBXA
25
ReleaseSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
After the call is completed, SIP gateway 2 sends a Release message to PBX B.
26
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
27
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to the SIP proxy server. The 200 OK
response notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE
request.
28
The SIP proxy server forwards the 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2.
29
Release CompletePBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
30
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
is terminated.
2-13
Chapter2
Figure4
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via a Proxy Server with Record Route Disabled
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
2-14
OL-0894-01
Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP proxy server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter distinquishes that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The SIP proxy server checks whether its own address is contained in the Via
field (to prevent loops), directly copies the To, From, Call-ID, and Contact fields
from the request it received from SIP gateway 1, changes the Request-URI to
indicate the server to which it intends to send the INVITE request, and then
sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 2.
The SIP proxy server sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1.
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from the SIP proxy server and
initiates a Call Setup with UserB via PBXB.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the SIP proxy server. The SIP
proxy server might or might not forward the 100 Trying response to SIP gateway
1.
AlertingPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
PBX B locates User B and sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2. User Bs
phone begin to ring.
10
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to the SIP proxy server.
11
The SIP proxy server forwards the 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1.
2-15
Chapter2
Step
Action
Description
12
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to User A via PBX A. The Alert message
indicates that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response. User A hears
the ringback tone that indicates that UserB is being alerted.
At this point, a one-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
13
ConnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
User B answers the phone. PBX B sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 2.
The connect message notifies SIP gateway 2 that the connection has been made.
14
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to the SIP proxy server. The 200 OK
response notifies the SIP proxy server that the connection has been made.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by the SIP proxy server, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As
media capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400 Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
The SIP proxy server must forward 200 OK responses.
15
The SIP proxy server forwards the 200 OK response that it received from SIP
gateway 2 to SIP gateway 1.
16
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
17
18
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 1 has received the 200 OK response from the SIP proxy server.
19
SIP gateway 2 acknowledges PBX Bs Connect message. The call session is now
active.
The 2-way voice path is established directly between SIP gateway 1 and SIP
gateway 2; not via the SIP proxy server.
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
20
DisconnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
21
SIP gateway 2 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request indicates
that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to terminate
the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP URL and the
From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
22
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBXA
23
ReleaseSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
After the call is completed, SIP gateway 2 sends a Release message to PBX B.
24
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
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Step
Action
Description
25
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
26
Release CompletePBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
27
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
is terminated.
2.
3.
2-17
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Figure5
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 maps the SIP URL phone number to a dial-peer. The dial-peer
includes the IP address and the port number of the SIP enabled entity to contact.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the address it receives in the dial peer
which, in this scenario, is the SIP IP phone.
In the INVITE request:
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which the SIP gateway is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
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Step
Action
Description
The SIP IP phone sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1. The 100 Trying
response indicates that the INVITE request has been received by the SIP IP
phone.
The SIP IP phone sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180
Ringing response indicates that the user is being alerted.
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to User A. The Alert message indicates
that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response from the SIP IP phone.
User A hears the ringback tone that indicates that User B is being alerted.
The SIP IP phone sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK
response notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
10
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to the SIP IP phone. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway1 has received the 200 OK response. The call session is now active.
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A. A two-way RTP channel is established
between SIP gateway 1 and SIP IP phone B.
11
User B terminates the call session at his SIP IP phone and the phone sends a BYE
request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request indicates that User B wants to release
the call.
12
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
13
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
14
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to the SIP IP phone. The 200 OK
response notifies the phone that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
15
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
is terminated.
2-19
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Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
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Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 maps the SIP URL phone number to a dial-peer. The dial-peer
includes the IP address and the port number of the SIP enabled entity to contact.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the address it receives in the dial peer
which, in this scenario, is the SIP IP phone.
In the INVITE request:
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which the SIP gateway is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
The SIP IP phone sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1. The 100 Trying
response indicates that the INVITE request has been received by the SIP IP
phone.
The SIP IP phone sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180
Ringing response indicates that the user is being alerted.
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to User A. The Alert message indicates
that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response from the SIP IP phone.
User A hears the ringback tone that indicates that User B is being alerted.
The SIP IP phone sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK
response notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to the SIP IP phone. The ACK confirms that User
A has received the 200 OK response. The call session is now active.
10
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A. A two-way RTP channel is established
between SIP gateway 1 and SIP IP phone B.
11
User B puts User A on hold. The SIP IP phone sends an INVITE request to SIP
gateway 1.
12
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to the SIP IP phone. The 200 OK
response notifies the SIP IP phone that the INVITE was successfully processed.
13
The SIP IP phone sends an ACK to SIP gateway 1. The ACK confirms that the
SIP IP phone has received the 200 OK response. The call session is now
temporarily inactive. No RTP packets are being sent.
2-21
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Step
Action
Description
User B takes User A off hold. The SIP IP phone sends an INVITE request to SIP
gateway 1.
15
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to the SIP IP phone. The 200 OK
response notifies the SIP IP phone that the INVITE was successfully processed.
16
The SIP IP phone sends an ACK to SIP gateway 1. The ACK confirms that the
SIP IP phone has received the 200 OK response. The call session is now active.
At this point, a two-way voice path exists between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and the two-way RTP channel is reestablished
between SIP gateway 1 and SIP IP phone B.
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Figure7
s
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
2-23
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Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 maps the SIP URL phone number to a dial-peer. The dial-peer
includes the IP address and the port number of the SIP enabled entity to contact.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the address it receives in the dial peer
which, in this scenario, is the SIP IP phone.
In the INVITE request:
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which the SIP gateway is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The SIP IP phone sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1. The 100 Trying
response indicates that the INVITE request has been received by the SIP IP
phone.
The SIP IP phone sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180
Ringing response indicates that the user is being alerted.
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to User A. The Alert message indicates
that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response from the SIP IP phone.
User A hears the ringback tone that indicates that User B is being alerted.
The SIP IP phone sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK
response notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
10
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to the SIP IP phone. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway1 has received the 200 OK response. The call session is now active.
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A. A two-way RTP channel is established
between SIP gateway 1 and SIP IP phone B.
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Step
Action
Description
11
User B transfers User As call to User C and then hangs up. The SIP IP phone
sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request includes the Also
header. In this scenario, the Also header indicates that User C needs to be
brought into the call while User B hangs up. This header distinguishes the call
transfer BYE request from a normal disconnect BYE request.
The Request-By header could be included in the BYE request, however, Ciscos
implementation does not require the header to complete the transfer. If the
Requested-By header is included, the INVITE sent to the transferred-to party
will include the Requested-By header. If the Requested-By header is not
included, the INVITE sent to the transferred-to party will not include the
Requested-By header.
12
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK message to the SIP IP phone. The 200 OK
response notifies the SIP IP phone that the BYE request has been received. The
call session between User A and User B is now terminated.
13
14
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with User C via PBX B.
15
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has received
the INVITE request but that User C has not yet been located.
16
17
AlertingPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
PBX B sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2. The message indicates that the
PBX is attempting to alert the user of the call (that is to say, the phone is
ringing).
18
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180 Ringing
response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying to alert, User C.
19
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to PBX A. The Alert message indicates
that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response from the SIP IP phone.
User A hears the ringback tone that indicates that User C is being alerted.
20
ConnectPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
User C answers the phone. PBX B sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 2.
The Connect message notifies SIP gateway 2 that the connection has been made.
21
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If User C supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by User A, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As media capability
in the 200 OK response. If User C does not support the media capability
advertised by User A, it sends back a 400Bad Request response with a 304
Warning header field.
22
ConnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
2-25
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Step
Action
Description
23
24
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 1 has received the 200 OK message from SIP gateway 2.
25
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
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3-1
Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with User B via PBX B.
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Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying message indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
Disconnect (Busy)PBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 2 maps the Release message cause code (Busy) to the 486 Busy
Here response and sends the response to SIP gateway 1. The 486 Busy Here
response is a client error response that indicates that User Bs phone was
successfully contacted but User B was not willing or was unable to take another
call.
Disconnect (Busy)SIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release message to PBX A. User A hears a busy tone.
10
ReleaseSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
11
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
12
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that the 486
Busy Here response has been received.
13
Release CompletePBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
14
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
3-3
Chapter3
Figure2
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with User B via PBX B.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
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Step
Action
Description
AlertingPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
PBX B sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2. The message indicates that the
PBX is attempting to alert the user of the call (that is to say, the phone is
ringing).
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180 Ringing
response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying to alert, User B.
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to PBX A. The Alert message indicates
that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response from SIP gateway 2.
User A hears the ringback tone that indicates that User B is being alerted.
10
Because SIP gateway 2 did not return an appropriate response within the time
specified by the Expires header in the INVITE request, SIP gateway 1 sends a
SIP CANCEL request to SIP gateway 2. A CANCEL request cancels a pending
request with the same Call-ID, To, From, and CSeq header field values.
11
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
12
DisconnectSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
13
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
14
ReleasePBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
15
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
confirms that the Cancel request has been received.
16
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
17
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 2 to PBX B
SIP gateway 2 sends a Release Complete message to PBX B and the call session
attempt is terminated.
3-5
Chapter3
Figure3
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying message indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
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Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 2 determines that it does not have any more channels available,
refuses the connection, and sends a SIP 503 Service Unavailable response to SIP
gateway 1.
The 503 Service Unavailable response is a class 4xx, 5xx, or class 6xx failure
response. Depending on which class the failure response is, the call actions
differ.
If SIP gateway 2 sends a class 4 xx failure response (a definite failure response
that is a client error), the request will not be retried without modification.
If SIP gateway 2 sends a class 5xx failure response (an indefinite failure that is
a server error), the request is not terminated but rather other possible locations
are tried.
If SIP gateway 2 sends a class 6 xx failure response (a global error), the search
for User B is terminated because the 6xx response indicates that a server has
definite information about User B, but not for the particular instance indicated
in the Request-URI field. Therefore, all further searches for this user will fail.
The call failure on SIP gateway 2 might occur before a proceeding indication
from PBX B. In that case a SIP failure response is sent before the 100 Trying
response.
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that the 503
Service Unavailable response has been received.
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
3-7
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Figure4
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via a SIP Redirect ServerCalled User is Busy
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup includes
the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call User B.
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Redirect Server
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP redirect server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form of
a SIP URL.
A unique numeric identifier is assigned to the call and is inserted in the Call-ID
field.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
SIP redirect server sends a 302 Moved Temporarily message to SIP gateway 1. The
message indicates that User B is not available and includes instructions to locate
User B.
SIP gateway 1 acknowledges the 302 Moved Temporarily response with an ACK.
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Step
Action
Description
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends a new INVITE request to User B. The new INVITE request
includes the first contact listed in the 300 Multiple Choice response as the new
address for User B, a higher transaction number in the CSeq field, and the same
Call-ID as the first INVITE request.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Call Proceeding message to PBX A to acknowledge the Call
Setup request.
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a Call
Setup with User B via PBXB.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
Call ProceedingPBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
PBX B sends a Call Proceeding message to SIP gateway 2 to acknowledge the Call
Setup request.
10
Disconnect (Busy)PBX B
to SIP Gateway 2
11
SIP gateway 2 maps the Release message cause code (Busy) to the 486 Busy
response and sends the response to SIP gateway 1. The 486 Busy Here response is a
client error response that indicates that User Bs phone was successfully contacted
but User B was not willing or was unable to take another call.
12
SIP gateway 1 sends a Disconnect message to PBX A. User A hears a busy tone.
13
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
14
ReleaseSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
15
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that the 486 Busy
Here response has been received.
16
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
17
Release CompletePBX B
to SIP Gateway 2
3-9
Chapter3
Figure5
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via a SIP Redirect ServerCalled User is Does Not
Answer
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP redirect server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
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Step
Action
Description
SIP redirect server sends a 302 Moved Temporarily message to SIP gateway 1.
The message indicates that User B is not available and includes instructions to
locate User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends a new INVITE request to User B. The new INVITE request
includes a new address for User B, a higher transaction number in the CSeq field,
but the same Call-ID as the first INVITE request.
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with User B via PBXB.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying message indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
10
AlertingPBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
PBX B sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2. User Bs phone begins to ring.
11
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180 Ringing
response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying to alert, User B.
12
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
13
Because SIP gateway 2 did not return an appropriate response within the time
specified by the Expires header in the INVITE request, SIP gateway 1 sends a
SIP CANCEL request to SIP gateway 2. A CANCEL request cancels a pending
request with the same Call-ID, To, From, and CSeq header field values.
14
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
15
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
16
DisconnectSIP Gateway 2 to
PBX B
17
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
confirms that the CANCEL request has been received.
18
Release CompletePBX A to
SIP Gateway 1
PBX A sends a Release Complete message to SIP gateway 1 and the call session
attempt is terminated.
19
ReleasePBX B to SIP
Gateway 2
3-11
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Step
Action
Description
20
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 2 to PBX B
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via a SIP Redirect ServerClient, Server, or Global
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
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Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP redirect server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
The SIP redirect server sends a 300 Multiple Choice response to SIP gateway 1.
The 300 Multiple Choice response indicates that the SIP redirect server accepted
the INVITE request, contacted a location server with all or part of User Bs SIP
URL, and the location server provided a list of alternative locations where User
B might be located. The SIP redirect server returns these possible addresses to
User A in the 300 Multiple Choice response.
SIP gateway 1 acknowledges the 300 Multiple Choice response with an ACK.
SIP gateway 1 sends a new INVITE request to User B. The new INVITE request
includes a new address for User B, a higher transaction number in the CSeq field,
but the same Call-ID as the first INVITE request.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying message indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
3-13
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Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 2 determines that User B does not exist at the domain specified in
the INVITE request sent by SIP gateway 1. SIP gateway 2 refuses the connection
and sends a 404 Not Found response to SIP gateway 1.
The 404 Not Found response is a class 4 xx failure response. Depending on which
class the failure response is, the call actions differ.
If SIP gateway 2 sends a class 4xx failure response (a definite failure response
that is a client error), the request will not be retried without modification.
If SIP gateway 2 sends a class 5xx failure response (an indefinite failure that is
a server error), the request is not terminated but rather other possible locations
are tried.
If SIP gateway 2 sends a class 6xx failure response (a global error), the search
for User B is terminated because the 6xx response indicates that a server has
definite information about User B, but not for the particular instance indicated
in the Request-URI field. Therefore, all further searches for this user will fail.
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
10
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
11
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that the 404
Not Found failure response has been received.
12
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
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Figure7
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via a SIP Proxy ServerCalled User is Busy
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP proxy server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
The SIP proxy server checks whether its own address is contained in the Via
field (to prevent loops), directly copies the To, From, Call-ID, and Contact fields
from the request it received from SIP gateway 1, changes the Request-URI to
indicate the server to which it intends to send the INVITE request, and then
sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 2.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
3-15
Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from the SIP proxy server and
initiates a Call Setup with UserB via PBX B.
The SIP proxy server sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the SIP proxy server.
Release Complete
(Busy)PBX B t o S I P
Gateway 2
SIP gateway 2 maps the Release message cause code (Busy) to the 486 Busy
response and sends the response to the SIP proxy server. The 486 Busy Here
response is a client error response that indicates that User Bs phone was
successfully contacted but User B was not willing or was unable to take another
call.
10
The SIP proxy server forwards the 486 Busy response to SIP gateway 1.
11
Disconnect (Busy)SIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
12
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
13
14
The SIP proxy server forwards the SIP ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK
confirms that the 486 Busy Here response has been received.
15
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
3-16
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Chapter3
Figure8
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via a SIP Proxy ServerClient or Server Error
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP Gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP proxy server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
The SIP proxy server checks whether its own address is contained in the Via
field (to prevent loops), directly copies the To, From, Call-ID, and Contact fields
from the request it received from SIP gateway 1, changes the Request-URI to
indicate the server to which it intends to send the INVITE request, and then
sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 2.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
3-17
Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
The SIP proxy server sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the SIP proxy server.
SIP gateway 2 determines that it does not have any more channels available,
refuses the connection, and sends a SIP 503 Service Unavailable response to the
SIP proxy server.
The SIP proxy server forwards the SIP 503 Service Unavailable response to SIP
gateway 1.
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBXA
10
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
11
12
The SIP proxy server forwards the SIP ACK to SIP Gateway 2. The ACK
confirms that the 503 Service Unavailable response has been received.
13
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP Gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
3-18
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Chapter3
Figure9
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway Call via a SIP Proxy ServerGlobal Error Response
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP proxy server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The SIP proxy server checks whether its own address is contained in the Via
field (to prevent loops), directly copies the To, From, Call-ID, and Contact fields
from the request it received from SIP gateway 1, changes the Request-URI to
indicate the server to which it intends to send the INVITE request, and then
sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 2.
3-19
Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
SetupSIP Gateway 2 to
PBXB
SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from the SIP proxy server and
initiates a Call Setup with UserB via PBX B.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the SIP proxy server. The SIP
proxy server might or might not forward the 100 Trying response to SIP
gateway 1 .
The SIP proxy server forwards the 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1.
Release CompletePBX B to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 2 sends a class 6 xx failure response (a global error) to the SIP proxy
server. A class 6 xx failure response indicates that a server has definite
information about User B, but not for the particular instance indicated in the
Request-URI field. All further searches for this user will fail, therefore the
search is terminated.
The SIP proxy server must forward all class 6xx failure responses to the client.
10
The SIP proxy server forwards the 6xx failure to SIP gateway 1.
11
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
12
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
13
14
The SIP proxy server sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that
the 6xx failure response has been received.
15
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
3-20
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Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 maps the SIP URL phone number to a dial-peer. The dial-peer
includes the IP address and the port number of the SIP enabled entity to contact.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the address it receives in the dial peer
which, in this scenario, is the SIP IP phone.
In the INVITE request:
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which the SIP gateway is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
3-21
Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
The SIP IP phone sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1. The 100 Trying
response indicates that the INVITE request has been received by the SIP IP
phone.
The SIP IP phone sends a 486 Busy Here response to SIP gateway 1. The 486
Busy Here response is a client error response that indicates that User B was
successfully contacted but User B was not willing or was unable to take the call.
Disconnect (Busy)SIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to the SIP IP phone. The ACK confirms that User
A has received the 486 Busy Here response. The call session attempt is now
being terminated.
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call User
B.
3-22
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Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 maps the SIP URL phone number to a dial-peer. The dial-peer
includes the IP address and the port number of the SIP enabled entity to contact.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the address it receives in the dial peer
which, in this scenario, is the SIP IP phone.
In the INVITE request:
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which the SIP gateway is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The SIP IP phone sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1. The 100 Trying
response indicates that the INVITE request has been received by the SIP IP
phone.
The SIP IP phone sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The
180Ringing response indicates that the user is being alerted.
AlertingSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to PBX A. The Alert message indicates
that SIP gateway 1 has received a 180 Ringing response from the SIP IP phone.
User A hears the ringback tone that indicates that User B is being alerted.
Because SIP gateway 1 did not return an appropriate response within the time
specified by the Expires header in the INVITE request, SIP gateway 1 sends a
SIP CANCEL request to SIP gateway 2. A CANCEL request cancels a pending
request with the same Call-ID, To, From, and CSeq header field values.
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
10
The SIP IP phone sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK
response confirms that User A has received the Cancel request. The call session
attempt is now being terminated.
11
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
is terminated.
3-23
Chapter3
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as User A attempts to call
User B.
SIP gateway 1 maps the SIP URL phone number to a dial-peer. The dial-peer
includes the IP address and the port number of the SIP enabled entity to contact.
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the address it receives in the dial peer
which, in this scenario, is the SIP IP phone.
In the INVITE request:
Call ProceedingSIP
Gateway1 to PBX A
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which the SIP gateway is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
3-24
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Step
Action
Description
The SIP IP phone sends a 100 Trying response to SIP gateway 1. The 100 Trying
response indicates that the INVITE request has been received by the SIP IP
phone.
4xx/5xx/6xx FailureSIP IP
Phone to SIP Gateway 1
The SIP IP phone sends a class 4 xx, 5xx, or class 6 xx failure response to SIP
gateway1. Depending on which class the failure response is, the call actions
differ.
If the SIP IP phone sends a class 4 xx failure response (a definite failure response
that is a client error), the request will not be retried without modification.
If the SIP IP phone sends a class 5 xx failure response (an indefinite failure that
is a server error), the request is not terminated but rather other possible locations
are tried.
If the SIP IP phone sends a class 6 xx failure response (a global error), the search
for User B is terminated because the 6xx response indicates that a server has
definite information about User B, but not for the particular instance indicated
in the Request-URI field. Therefore, all further searches for this user will fail.
DisconnectSIP Gateway 1 to
PBX A
ReleasePBX A to SIP
Gateway 1
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to the SIP IP phone. The ACK confirms that
User A has received the 4xx/5xx/6xx failure response. The call session attempt
is now being terminated.
Release CompleteSIP
Gateway 1 to PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends a Release Complete message to PBX A and the call session
attempt is terminated.
3-25
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3-26
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C H A P T E R
4-1
Chapter4
SIP Functions
SIP Functions
Function
Supported?
Yes
Yes
Proxy Server/Redirect
Server/Registrar
No.
Comments
SIP Methods
There are six methods used by the SIP gateway.
Method
Supported?
Comments
INVITE
Yes
ACK
Yes
OPTIONS
Yes
BYE
Yes
CANCEL
Yes
COMET
Yes
NOTIFY
Yes
PRACK
Yes
REFER
Yes
REGISTER
No
SUBSCRIBE
Yes
INFO
Yes
4-2
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SIP Responses
Cisco IOS Release 12.2(10)T supports the following SIP Responses:
4-3
Chapter4
SIP Responses
Comments
100 Trying
Comments
200 OK
4-4
OL-0894-01
Chapter4
Comments
Comments
4-5
Chapter4
SIP Responses
4xx Response
Comments
401 Unauthorized
This response indicates that the
request requires user
authentication.
402 Payment required
This response indicates that
payment is required to complete
the call.
403 Forbidden
This response indicates that the
server has received and
understood the request but will
not provide the service.
404 Not Found
This response indicates that the Upon receiving this response, the gateway
requested resource is capable of initiates a graceful call disconnect and clears the
generating only responses that
call.
have content characteristics not
acceptable as specified in the
accept header of the request.
4-6
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Chapter4
4xx Response
Comments
4-7
Chapter4
SIP Responses
4xx Response
Comments
481 Call leg/transaction does not The SIP gateway generates this response if the call
exist
leg ID or transaction cannot be identified.
This response indicates that the
server is ignoring the request
because it was either a BYE for
which there was no matching
legID or a CANCEL for which
there was no matching
transaction.
485 Ambiguous
This response indicates that the
server received a request in
which the callee address was
ambiguous. It can provide
possible alternate addresses.
4-8
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Chapter4
4xx Response
Comments
4-9
Chapter4
SIP Responses
Comments
4-10
OL-0894-01
Chapter4
Comments
Supported?
Accept
Yes
Accept-Encoding
No
Accept-Language
No
Allow
Yes
Also
Yes
Authorization
No
Call-ID
Yes
Contact
Yes
Content-Encoding
No
Content-Length
Yes
Content-Disposition
Yes
Content-Type
Yes
Cseq
Yes
Date
Yes
4-11
Chapter4
Header Field
Supported?
Diversion
Yes
Encryption
No
Event
Yes
Expires
Yes
From
Yes
Hide
No
Max-Forwards
Yes
Organization
No
Min-SE
Yes
Priority
No
Proxy-Authenticate
No
Proxy Authorization
No
Proxy-Require
No
RAcr
Yes
RSeq
Yes
Record-Route
Yes
Require
Yes
Response-Key
No
Retry-After
No
Refer-to
Yes
Referred-By
Yes
Replaces
Yes
Requested-By
Yes
Route
Yes
Server
Yes
Session-Expires
Yes
Subject
No
Supported
Yes
Timestamp
Yes
To
Yes
Unsupported
Yes
User-Agent
Yes
Via
Yes
Warning
Yes
WWW-Authenticate
No
4-12
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Chapter4
Supported?
Comments
Unicast UDP
Yes
None.
Multicast UDP
No
TCP
Yes
None.
Encryption Mode
Supported?
Comments
End-to-end Encryption
No
Privacy of SIP
Responses
No
None.
Hop-by-Hope
Encryption
No
No
SIP Security
Encryption
Authentication
Encryption Mode
No
Basic Authentication
Digest Authentication
Proxy Authentication
PGP
No
No
No
No
Supported?
vProtocol version
Yes
Yes
sSession name
Yes
cConnection information
Yes
Yes
4-13
Chapter4
SDP Headers
Supported?
Yes
Yes
Supported?
Type A
Yes
Type SRV
Methods
Supported?
Yes
Yes
Note
Fields
Supported?
Supported
Yes
Cisco gateways do not initiate use of keepalives for any calls that it originates or
terminates. If the far side wants to use keepalives, the gateway complies.
4-14
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Chapter4
Fax Relay
Methods
Supported?
Yes
Yes
Comment
Not supported on 5350 and 5400 platform
Requirement
<SIPt38-01>
Description
T.38 over SIP shall be implemented as described in
ANNEX D to Recommendation T.38 - SIP/SDP
Call Establishment Procedures (previously known
as TD0262rev2)
Mandatory/
Optional
Supported
Mandatory
Yes
Mandatory
<SIPt38-02>
<SIPt38-03>
Yes
<SIPt38-04>
Mandatory
Yes
<SIPt38-05>
Yes
<SIPt38-06>
Yes
Mandatory
4-15
Chapter4
Requirement
Description
Mandatory/
Optional
Supported
<SIPt38-07>
Mandatory
Yes
<SIPt38-08>
Desirable
UDP only
<SIPt38-09>
Yes
Mandatory
Yes
Mandatory
Yes
Mandatory
Yes
<SIPt38-11>
2.
T38maxBitRate
3.
T38FaxFillBitRemoval
4.
T38FaxTranscodingMMR
5.
T38FaxTranscodingJBIG
6.
T38FaxRateManagement
7.
T38FaxMaxBuffer
8.
T38FaxMaxDatagram
9.
T38FaxUdpEC
<SIPt38-12>
<SIPt38-13>
No
4-16
OL-0894-01
Chapter4
Requirement
<SIPt38-14>
Description
Mandatory/
Optional
Supported
Yes. The
following are
configurable:
bitrate
Mandatory
TCP/UDP
(UDP only)
hs, ls
redundancy
ECM
<SIPt38-15>
Yes
<SIPt38-16>
No
Fields
Supported?
Supported
Yes
4-17
Chapter4
4-18
OL-0894-01
A P P E N D I X
The SIP gateway support for third-party call control enables one endpoint (for example, a call controller)
to create, modify, or terminate calls between other endpoints via delayed media negotiation. A delayed
media negotiation is one where the Session Description Protocol (SDP) information is not completely
advertised in the initial call setup.
When delayed media negotiation takes place between two SIP endpoints (User A and User B) and a
controlling endpoint (call controller) that is creating the call between User A and User B, the following
actions take place:
1.
The call controller sends an INVITE request to the first endpoint to be included in the call (User A).
The INVITE does not contain an SDP body.
2.
The call controller sends an INVITE request to the second endpoint to be included in the call (User
B). The INVITE request does not contain an SDP body.
3.
User A sends a 200 OK response to the call controller. The 200 OK response contains User As SDP
information.
4.
User B sends a 200 OK response to the call controller. The 200 OK response contains User Bs SDP
information.
5.
On receiving a 200 OK response from User A, the call controller sends an ACK response to UserA.
The ACK response contains User Bs SDP information.
6.
On receiving a 200 OK response from User B, the call controller sends an ACK response to UserB
that contains User As SDP information.
Third-party call control is often used for operator services (creating a call connecting two parties
together) and conferencing.
The following call flows illustrate the use of third-party call control via Delayed Media support:
SIP Gateway-to-SIP Gateway CallCall Setup with Delayed Media via Third-Party Call
Controller, page A-2
SIP IP Phone-to-SIP GatewayCall Setup and Call Hold with Delayed Media, page A-5
A-1
AppendixA
With Cisco IOS Release 121(5)XM, SIP gateways can route on an FQDN in addition to routing on an IP
address. When the SIP gateway receives a SIP message containing a FQDN in the c= SDP field, it parses
the c= field of the SDP body, determines that it is a FQDN and resolves the next hop via a DNS query.
FigureA-4 illustrates a call flow of this feature.
A-2
OL-0894-01
AppendixA
FigureA-1
Step
Action
Description
The third party call control agent sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2.
The INVITE request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter indicates that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The SDP media line is omitted or the INVITE does not contain any SDP
information.
A-3
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
The third party call control agent sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 1.
The INVITE request is an invitation to User A to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User A is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User A and takes a
form similar to an email address (user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User A appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter indicates that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The SDP media line is omitted or the INVITE does not contain any SDP
information.
SetupSIP gateway 2 to PBXB SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from the call controller and initiates
a Call Setup with User B via PBX B.
SetupSIP gateway 1 to
PBXA
SIP gateway 1 receives the INVITE request from the call controller and initiates
a Call Setup with User A via PBXA.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by the
call controller. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has
been received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that
some unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
SIP gateway 1 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by the
call controller. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has
been received by SIP gateway 2 but that User A has not yet been located and that
some unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress message to the call controller.
10
SIP gateway 1 sends a 183 Session Progress message to the call controller.
11
ConnectPBX A to SIP
gateway 1
User A answers phone. PBX A sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 1. The
Connect message notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
12
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to the call controller. The 200 OK
response notifies the call controller that the connection has been made.
In the call 200 OK response, the SDP information of User A is specified.
A-4
OL-0894-01
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
13
14
ConnectPBX B to SIP
gateway 2
15
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to the call controller. The 200 OK
response notifies the call controller that the connection has been made.
In the call 200 OK response, the SDP information of User B is specified.
16
17
The call controller sends an ACK response to SIP gateway 1. The ACK response
confirms that the call controller has received the 200 OK response from SIP
gateway 1. In the ACK response, the SDP information of User B is specified.
Media negotiation takes place.
14
The call controller sends an ACK response to SIP gateway 2. The ACK response
confirms that the call controller has received the 200 OK response from SIP
gateway 2. In the ACK response, the SDP information of User A is specified.
Media negotiation takes place.
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
SIP IP Phone-to-SIP GatewayCall Setup and Call Hold with Delayed Media
FigureA-2 illustrates a successful SIP IP phone-to-SIP gateway call setup and call hold using delayed
media.
The call flow scenario is as follows:
1.
2.
3.
A-5
AppendixA
FigureA-2
SIP IP Phone-to-SIP GatewayCall Setup and Call Hold with Delayed Media
A-6
OL-0894-01
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
SIP IP phone sends an INVITE request to the SIP gateway. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter indicates that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
SIP IP phone is identified as the call session initiator in the From field.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The SIP gateway receives the INVITE request from the call controller and
initiates a Call Setup with User B via the PBX.
The PBX sends a Call Proceeding message to the SIP gateway to acknowledge
the Call Setup request.
The SIP gateway sends a 180 Ringing response to the SIP IP phone. The 180
Ringing response indicates that the User B is being alerted.
User B answers the phone. The PBX sends a Connect message to the SIP
gateway. The Connect message notifies the SIP gateway that the connection has
been made.
The SIP gateway sends a 200 OK response to the SIP IP phone. The 200 OK
response notifies the SIP IP phone that the connection has been made.
SIP IP phone sends an ACK to the SIP gateway. The ACK confirms that the SIP
IP phone has received the 200 OK response from the SIP gateway.
The SIP gateway acknowledges the PBXs Connect message. The call between
User A and User B session is now active.
A two-way RTP channel is established between the SIP IP phone and the SIP gateway. A two-way voice path is established
between the SIP gateway and the PBX.
10
SIP IP phone (User A) sends a mid-call INVITE request to the SIP gateway with
a modified SDP session connection parameter (c=) that places the existing call
between User A and User B on hold.
The c= SDP field of the SIP INVITE contains an 0.0.0.0. This places the call in
limbo.
A-7
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
11
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to the SIP IP phone. The 200 OK
response notifies the SIP IP phone that the INVITE was successfully processed.
12
The SIP IP phone sends an ACK to the SIP gateway. The ACK confirms that the
SIP IP phone has received the 200 OK response. The call session is now
temporarily inactive. No RTP packets are being sent.
13
SIP IP phone sends an INVITE with delayed media to the SIP gateway. No
media is specified in the SDP media name and transport address (m=) parameter.
14
The SIP gateway sends a 200 OK response to User A. In the 200 OK response,
the SDP information of User B is specified.
15
SIP IP phone sends an ACK to the SIP gateway. The ACK confirms that the SIP
IP phone has received the 200 OK response from the SIP gateway. In the ACK
response, the SDP information of User A is specified. Media negotiation takes
place.
A two-way RTP channel is reestablished between the SIP IP phone and the SIP gateway. A two-way voice path (to User B)
is established between the SIP gateway and the PBX.
A-8
OL-0894-01
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
INVITESIP gateway 1 to
application server
INVITEApplication server to
SIP gateway 2
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress message to the application server.
183 Session
ProgressApplication server to
SIP gateway 1
The application server proxies the 183 Session Progress message to SIP
gateway 1 .
The application server forwards voice mail control messages to the uOne server
(media server).
The uOne server sends a 200 OK response to the application server. In the 200
OK response, the uOne server SDP is included.
A-9
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
200 OK responseApplication
server to SIP gateway 1
The application server proxies the 200 OK response to the SIP gateway. In the
200 OK response, the uOne server SDP is included.
A-10
OL-0894-01
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
The third party call control agent sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2.
The INVITE request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter indicates that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The SDP media line is omitted or the INVITE does not contain any SDP
information.
The third party call control agent sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 1.
The INVITE request is an invitation to User A to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User A is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User A and takes a
form similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). For
example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User A appears as
INVITE sip:555-0002@companyb.com; user=phone. The user=phone
parameter indicates that the Request-URI address is a telephone number
rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The SDP media line is omitted or the INVITE does not contain any SDP
information.
SetupSIP gateway 2 to PBX B SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from the call controller and initiates
a Call Setup with User B via PBX B.
SetupSIP gateway 1 to
PBXA
SIP gateway 1 receives the INVITE request from the call controller and initiates
a Call Setup with User A via PBX A.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by the
call controller. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has
been received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that
some unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
A-11
AppendixA
Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 1 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by the
call controller. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has
been received by SIP gateway 2 but that User A has not yet been located and that
some unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress message to the call controller.
10
SIP gateway 1 sends a 183 Session Progress message to the call controller.
11
ConnectPBX A to SIP
gateway 1
User A answers phone. PBX A sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 1. The
Connect message notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
12
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to the call controller. The 200 OK
response notifies the call controller that the connection has been made.
In the call 200 OK response, the SDP information of User A is specified.
13
14
ConnectPBX B to SIP
gateway 2
15
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to the call controller. The 200 OK
response notifies the call controller that the connection has been made.
In the call 200 OK response, the SDP information of User B is specified.
16
17
The call controller sends an ACK response to SIP gateway 1. The ACK response
confirms that the call controller has received the 200 OK response from SIP
gateway 1. In the ACK response the media capability of User B is specified and
the domain name of gateway 2 is specified in the SDP sessions parameter (c=)
field. Media negotiation takes place. At this time, a DNS query is performed by
SIP gateway 1 to resolve c=IN IP4 gw2.com.
18
The call controller sends a an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that
the call controller has received the ACK response from SIP gateway 2. In the
200OK response the media capability of User A is specified and the domain
name of gateway 1 is specified in the SDP sessions parameter (c=). Media
negotiation takes place.
At this time, a DNS query is performed by SIP gateway 2 to resolve
c=INIP4gw1.com.
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
A-12
OL-0894-01
A P P E N D I X
The SIP Diversion Header Implementation for Redirecting Number feature provides support for a new
SIP header field; Call Control (CC)-Diversion. The CC-Diversion header field enables the SIP gateway
to pass call control redirecting information during the call setup. Call control redirection is the
redirection of a call based on a subscriber service such as call forwarding. Call redirection information
is information is typically used for Unified Messaging and voice mail services to identify the recipient
of a message. Call control rediversion information can also be used to support applications such as
automatic call distribution and enhanced telephony features such as Do Not Disturb and Caller ID.
If generated by the SIP gateway during call process, the CC-Diversion header field is based on the
contents of the Redirecting Number Information Element (IE) in the ISDN Setup message. In addition,
information such as the reason the call was redirected is included in the CC-Diversion header field.
FigureB-1 illustrates a call flow for this feature.
SIP Gateway 3xx Redirection Response Processing after 18x Information Responses
With Cisco IOS Release 12.1(5)XM, SIP gateways can process SIP 3xx Redirection responses after a
18x Information response has been received.
FigureB-2 illustrates the SIP gateway method of:
B-1
AppendixB
B-2
OL-0894-01
AppendixB
FigureB-1
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as Alice at phone A attempts
to call Bob at phone B.
Call ProceedingSIP
gateway1 to PBX A
B-3
AppendixB
Step
Action
Description
GW1 sends an INVITE request to the proxy server. The INVITE request is an
invitation to Bob to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
Alice via GW1 is identified as the call session initiator in the From field.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which GW1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is specified in
the SDP.
The SIP proxy server determines that Bobs calls have been configured to be
redirected to Carol at phone C via GW2. The SIP proxy server sends an 302
Moved Temporarily message to GW1.
In the 302 Moved Temporarily message, Carol at GW2 is added as the Contact
and there are two CC-Diversion header fields included; one for Bob at GW2 (IP
address or domain name) and one for Alice at GW1 (IP address or domain
name).
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to Carol at phone C via GW2. The
INVITE request contains two CC-Diversion headers; one for Bob at GW2 (IP
address or domain name) and one for Alice at GW1 (IP address or domain
name).
SetupSIP gateway 2 to PBXB SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with Carol via PBX B. In the Call Setup, the ISDN Redirecting
Number IE is generated using the contents of the top CC-Diversion header field;
in this case, Bob at GW2.
AlertingPBX B to SIP
gateway 2
PBX B locates Carol at phone C and sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2.
Carols phone begins to ring.
B-4
OL-0894-01
AppendixB
Step
Action
Description
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180 Ringing
response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying to alert, Carol at
phone C.
10
AlertingSIP gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to PBX A. Alice hears ringback tone.
At this point, a one-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBXA and between SIP gateway 2 and PBX B.
A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
11
ConnectPBX B to SIP
gateway 2
Carol answers phone. PBX B sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 2. The
Connect message notifies SIP gateway 2 that the connection has been made.
12
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If Carol via SIP gateway 2 supports the media capability advertised in the
INVITE message sent by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own
and Alices media capability in the 200 OK response. If Carol at SIP gateway 2
does not support the media capability advertised by Alice at SIP gateway 1, SIP
gateway 2 sends back a 400 Bad Request response with a Warning: 304 Codec
negotiation failed header field.
13
ConnectSIP gateway 1 to
PBX A
14
15
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that the
200OK response has been received.
The call is now in progress over a two-way voice path via RTP.
16
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
B-5
AppendixB
B-6
OL-0894-01
AppendixB
FigureB-2
Step
Action
Description
SetupPBX A to SIP
gateway 1
Call Setup is initiated between PBX A and SIP gateway 1. The Call Setup
includes the standard transactions that take place as Alice at phone A attempts
to call Bob at phone B.
B-7
AppendixB
Step
Action
Description
Call ProceedingSIP
gateway1 to PBX A
GW1 sends an INVITE request to the proxy server. The INVITE request is an
invitation to Bob to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
Alice via GW1 is identified as the call session initiator in the From field.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which GW1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is specified in
the SDP.
The SIP proxy server sends a 183 Session Progress response to SIP gateway 1.
The SIP proxy server determines that Bobs calls have been configured to be
redirected to Carol at phone C via GW2. The SIP proxy server sends an 302
Moved Temporarily message to GW1.
In the 302 Moved Temporarily message, Carol at GW2 is added as the Contact
and there are two CC-Diversion header fields included; one for Alice at GW1
(IP address or domain name) and Bob at GW2 (IP address or domain name).
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to Carol at phone C via GW2. The
INVITE request contains two CC-Diversion headers; one for Alice at GW1 (IP
address or domain name) and Bob at GW2 (IP address or domain name).
SetupSIP gateway 2 to PBXB SIP gateway 2 receives the INVITE request from SIP gateway 1 and initiates a
Call Setup with Carol via PBX B. In the Call Setup, the ISDN Redirecting
Number IE is generated using the contents of the top CC-Diversion header field;
in this case, Bob at GW2.
B-8
OL-0894-01
AppendixB
Step
Action
Description
AlertingPBX B to SIP
gateway 2
PBX B locates Carol at phone C and sends an Alert message to SIP gateway 2.
Carols phone begins to ring.
10
SIP gateway 2 sends a 180 Ringing response to SIP gateway 1. The 180 Ringing
response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying to alert, Carol at
phone C.
11
AlertingSIP gateway 1 to
PBX A
SIP gateway 1 sends an Alert message to PBX A. Alice hears ringback tone.
At this point, a one-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBXA and between SIP gateway 2 and PBX B.
A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
12
ConnectPBX B to SIP
gateway 2
Carol answers phone. PBX B sends a Connect message to SIP gateway 2. The
Connect message notifies SIP gateway 2 that the connection has been made.
13
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If Carol via SIP gateway 2 supports the media capability advertised in the
INVITE message sent by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own
and Alices media capability in the 200 OK response. If Carol at SIP gateway 2
does not support the media capability advertised by Alice at SIP gateway 1, SIP
gateway 2 sends back a 400 Bad Request response with a Warning: 304 Codec
negotiation failed header field.
14
ConnectSIP gateway 1 to
PBX A
15
16
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that the
200OK response has been received.
The call is now in progress over a two-way voice path via RTP.
17
At this point, a two-way voice path is established between SIP gateway 1 and PBX A and between SIP gateway 2 and
PBXB. A two-way RTP channel is established between SIP gateway 1 and SIP gateway 2.
B-9
AppendixB
B-10
OL-0894-01
A P P E N D I X
Note
SIP Call with Diversion Header Added for Call-Diversion Output from GW1 Side, page C-7
SIP Call with RSVP QoS Output from GW1 Side, page C-13
SIP Call Using RFC2833 for DTMF-Relay Output from GW1 Side, page C-21
C-1
AppendixC
Definition
Call-ID
Contact
Content-Length
Content-Type
C-2
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Header Field
Definition
Cseq
Date
Diversion
Note
C-3
AppendixC
Header Field
Definition
Expires
From
C-4
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Header Field
Definition
Max-Forwards
The Max-Forwards
request-header field may be used
with any SIP method to limit the
number of proxies or gateways
that can forward the request to the
next downstream server. This can
also be useful when the client is
attempting to trace a request chain
which appears to be failing or
looping in mid chain.
The Max-Forwards value is a
decimal integer indicating the
remaining number of times this
request message is allowed to be
forwarded.
Each proxy or gateway recipient
of a request containing a
Max-Forwards header field
MUST check and update its value
before forwarding the request. If
the received value is zero (0), the
recipient MUST NOT forward the
request. Instead, for the
OPTIONS and REGISTER
methods, it MUST respond as the
final recipient. For all other
methods, the server returns 483
(too many hops).
If the received Max-Forwards
value is greater than zero, then the
forwarded message MUST
contain an updated Max-Forwards
field with a value decremented by
one (1).
Require
C-5
AppendixC
Header Field
Definition
Server
Timestamp
To
User-Agent
Via
C-6
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
SIP Call with Diversion Header Added for Call-Diversion Output from GW1 Side
RS = Redirect Server
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
---INVITE--->
<----302---------ACK---->
---INVITE--->
<----100----<----183----<---200OK--------ACK---->
RS (F1)
RS (F2)
RS (F3)
GW2(F4)
GW2(F5)
GW2(F6)
GW2(F7)
GW2(F8)
C-7
AppendixC
In this call the originator gets redirected to the terminator by a proxy. The proxy attaches the 'Diversion:'
headers to the 3xx response that it sends to the originator. The 3xx response also has the contact header
with the address of the terminator. This header is defined in IETF draft 'draft-levy-sip-diversion-02.txt',
although the syntax is slightly different because of an implementation in IOS software before the draft
being recognized by the IETF.
(F1)
Sent:
INVITE sip:3111100@64.102.17.80:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:08 GMT65
Call-ID: 232226D2-14F411CC-80279792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Cisco-Guid: 557120379-351539660-2149947282-433874266
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 730946408
Contact: <sip:36601@172.18.193.98:5060;user=phone>
Expires: 180
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 160
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 4075 3837 IN IP4 172.18.193.98
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.98
t=0 0
m=audio 16526 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
(F2)
Received:
SIP/2.0 302 Moved Temporarily
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:08 GMT
Call-ID: 232226D2-14F411CC-80279792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Cisco-Guid: 557120379-351539660-2149947282-433874266
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
CC-Diversion: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120>;reason=unconditional
CC-Diversion: <sip:33456@172.18.193.121>;reason=user-busy
CC-Diversion: <sip:36342@172.18.193.122>;reason=unconditional
CC-Diversion: <sip:23222@172.18.193.123>;reason=no-answer
Contact: Anonymous <sip:36602@172.18.193.120>
Contact: Anonymous <sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
C-8
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Note
The Redirect Server sends back a 302 message, with a new Contact: address, and a
Diversion: header added. The GW will now copy those headers into the new INVITE,
(F3)
00:40:08:
Sent:
ACK sip:3111100@64.102.17.80:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:08 GMTCall-ID:
232226D2-14F411CC-80279792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Max-Forwards: 6
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 ACK
(F4)
00:40:08: Sent:
INVITE sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:08 GMT
Call-ID: 23704587-14F411CC-80289792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Cisco-Guid: 557120379-351539660-2149947282-433874266
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 730946408
Contact: <sip:36601@172.18.193.98:5060;user=phone>
CC-Diversion: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120>;reason=unconditional
CC-Diversion: <sip:33456@172.18.193.121>;reason=user-busy
CC-Diversion: <sip:36342@172.18.193.122>;reason=unconditional
CC-Diversion: <sip:23222@172.18.193.123>;reason=no-answer
Expires: 180
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 160
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 9443 2845 IN IP4 172.18.193.98
s=SIP Callc=IN IP4 172.18.193.98
t=0 0m=audio 18116 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
(F5)
Received:
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:09 GMT
Call-ID: 23704587-14F411CC-80289792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730946408
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITEContent-Length: 0
(F6)
Received:
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:09 GMT
Call-ID: 23704587-14F411CC-80289792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
C-9
AppendixC
Timestamp: 730946408
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Session: Media
Content-Length: 162
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 2626 2857 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 19030 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
(F7)
Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>;tag=24DE3C-1EBF
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:09 GMT
Call-ID: 23704587-14F411CC-80289792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730946408
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 162
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 2626 2857 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 19030 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
(F8)
Sent:
ACK sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>;tag=24DE3C-1EBF
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:08 GMT
Call-ID: 23704587-14F411CC-80289792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Max-Forwards: 6
Content-Length: 0CSeq: 101 ACK
(F9)
Received:
BYE sip:36601@172.18.193.98:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.120:5060
From: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>;tag=24DE3C-1EBF
To: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:16 GMT
Call-ID: 23704587-14F411CC-80289792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 730946416
CSeq: 101 BYE
Content-Length: 0
(F10)
00:40:15: Sent:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.120:5060
From: <sip:3111100@64.102.17.80;user=phone>;tag=24DE3C-1EBF
C-10
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
To: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:40:15 GMT
Call-ID: 23704587-14F411CC-80289792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Timestamp: 730946416
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 BYE
FigureC-1
C-11
AppendixC
TableC-1
SIP Call with Diversion Header Added for Call-Diversion Output from GW1 Side
Step
Action
Description
F1
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Redirect Server
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to the SIP redirect server. The INVITE
request is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an email address (user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). In
this example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B
appears as INVITE sip:3111100@64.102.17.80:5060; user=phone. The
user=phone parameter distinguishes that the Request-URI address is a
telephone number rather than a username.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified in the m= line.
F2
In this example the SIP redirect server sends a 302 Moved Temporarily response
to SIP gateway 1. The 302 Moved Temporarily response indicates that the SIP
redirect server accepted the INVITE request, contacted a location server with all
or part of User Bs SIP URL, and the user was no longer available at the
specified location. The server provided an alternate location for User B in the
header. This response indicates that the user is no longer available at the
specified location. An alternate location is included in the Contact: header. The
SIP redirect server returns the alternate address to SIP gateway 1 in the 302
Moved Temporarily response.
F3
ACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Redirect Server
F4
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The new INVITE
request includes the first contact listed in the 302 Moved Temporarily response
as the new address gher transaction number in the CSeq field, and the same
Call-ID as the first INVITE request.
F5
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located.
F6
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress response to SIP gateway 1. The
183Session Progress response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is
trying to perform inband alerting for the caller.
C-12
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Step
Action
Description
F7
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As media
capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400 Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
F8
F9
SIP gateway 2 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request indicates
that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to terminate
the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP URL and the
From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
F10
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
---INVITE--->
<-100Trying-<--183/QoS-----PRACK---->
<-200/PRACK----COMET---->
<-200/COMET-<-183SesProg---PRACK---->
<-200/PRACK-<--200/INV-------ACK---->
-----BYE---->
<---200OK----
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
(F1)
(F2)
(F3)
(F4)
(F5)
(F6)
(F7)
(F8)
(F9)
(F10)
(F11)
(F12)
(F13)
(F14)
C-13
AppendixC
Note
C-14
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Note
INVITE sent with QoS required. This is signaled in the Supported: header.
(F2)
Received:
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:20:42 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730945271
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
(F3)
Received:
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:20:42 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730945271
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Require: 100rel
RSeq: 8044
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: precondition;handling=required
Content-Length: 196
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 1431 3084 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 17030 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=qos:mandatory sendrecv confirm
Note
(F4)
Sent:
PRACK sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
CSeq: 102 PRACK
RAck: 8044 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
C-15
AppendixC
Note
(F5)Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:20:42 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 102 PRACK
Content-Length: 0
(F6)Sent:
COMET sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
CSeq: 103 COMET
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 209
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5800 3094 IN IP4 172.18.193.98
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.98
t=0 0
m=audio 17158 RTP/AVP 0 18
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=qos:success sendrecv
C-16
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Note
Bidirectional QoS is established. The RSVP signaling between the gateways and the IP
network has been completed as well.
(F7)
Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:20:42 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 103 COMET
Content-Length: 0
(F8)
Received:
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:20:42 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730945271
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Require: 100rel
RSeq: 8045
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: session;handling=required
Content-Length: 162
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 1431 3084 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 17030 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
(F9)
Sent:
PRACK sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
CSeq: 104 PRACK
RAck: 8045 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
(F10)
Received: SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
C-17
AppendixC
(F11)
Recevied:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:20:42 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730945271
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 162
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 1431 3084 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 17030 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
(F12)
Sent:
ACK sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Max-Forwards: 6
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 ACK
(F13)
Sent:
BYE sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 GMT
Call-ID: 7D5FB580-14F111CC-80109D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 730945310
CSeq: 105 BYE
Content-Length: 0
(F14)Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=136564-4EF
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=12F5AC-268A
C-18
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
FigureC-2
C-19
AppendixC
TableC-2
Step
Action
Description
F1
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form of
a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a form
similar to an email address ( user@host where user is the telephone number and
host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). In this example, the
Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B appears as
36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone. The user=phone parameter
distinguishes that the Request-URI address is a telephone number rather than a
username.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
F2
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located.
F3
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress response to SIP gateway 1. The
183Session Progress response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is
trying to perform inband alerting for the caller.
Additionally Quality of Service (QoS) reserves sufficient network-layer
resources to guarantee bandwidth and bounds on packet loss, delay, and jitter;
thus ensuring that the called party's phone rings only after bandwidth required
for the call has been successfully reserved.
F4
PRACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
F5
200/PRACKSIP Gateway 2 to
SIP Gateway 1
F6
COMETSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
F7
200/COMETSIP Gateway 2
to SIP Gateway 1
The 200 OK/COnditions MET (COMET) response notifies SIP gateway 1 that
the conditions for the call have been met.
C-20
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Step
Action
Description
F8
The 183 Session Progress response is used to perform inband alerting for the
caller.
F9
PRACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
F10
F11
200/INVITESIP Gateway 2 to The 200/INVITE response acknowledges that the connection has been made and
SIP Gateway 1
SIP gateway 2 sends a new INVITE request to SIP gateway 1.
F12
ACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 1 has received the 200 OK response from SIP gateway 2.
F13
BYESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 2. The BYE request indicates
that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to terminate
the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP URL and the
From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
F14
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
SIP Call Using RFC2833 for DTMF-Relay Output from GW1 Side
Call Trace with Different Payload Types:
In this trace both ends have been configured to use NTE dtmf relay mode. However the payload types
for NTE packets have different values on both ends. The originator is configured to use value 115,
terminator will use default value of 101. The payload value can be configured at the dial peer with
rtp payload-type nte 101command. Because 101 is default payload type and this value is not being used
at the Originator for any other payload type, the two ends agree to use payload type 101.
C-21
AppendixC
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
GW1
---INVITE--->
<-100Trying-<-183SesProg<---200OK--------ACK---->
<----BYE-------200OK---->
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
(F1)
(F2)
(F3)
(F4)
(F5)
(F6)
(F7)
(F1)Sent:
INVITE sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:23:13 GMT
Call-ID: C6310C75-14F111CC-801D9792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Cisco-Guid: 3301622965-351343052-2149291922-433874266
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 730945393
Contact: <sip:36601@172.18.193.98:5060;user=phone>
Expires: 180
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 216
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 6351 4261 IN IP4 172.18.193.98
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.98
t=0 0
m=audio 18720 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15
C-22
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Note
The INVITE is sent, and it requests that RFC 2833 be used for DTMF-Relay. This is
communicated in the SDP body, in the m= and a= lines.
(F2)
Received:
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:23:14 GMT
Call-ID: C6310C75-14F111CC-801D9792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730945393
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
(F3)
Received:
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:23:14 GMT
Call-ID: C6310C75-14F111CC-801D9792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730945393
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Session: Media
Content-Length: 217
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 637 6719 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 18210 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15
C-23
AppendixC
Note
The Terminating GW responds back that it can support RFC 2833 for DTMF-Relay. It
communicates this is in its SDP body, in the m= and a= lines.
(F4)
Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=154C54-A4F
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:23:14 GMT
Call-ID: C6310C75-14F111CC-801D9792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730945393
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 217
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 637 6719 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 18210 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15
(F5)
Sent:
ACK sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=154C54-A4F
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:23:13 GMT
Call-ID: C6310C75-14F111CC-801D9792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Max-Forwards: 6
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 ACK
(F6)
Received:
BYE sip:36601@172.18.193.98:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.120:5060
From: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=154C54-A4F
To: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:23:15 GMT
Call-ID: C6310C75-14F111CC-801D9792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 730945400
CSeq: 101 BYE
Content-Length: 0
(F7)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
172.18.193.120:5060
C-24
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
From: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=154C54-A4F
To: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:23:19 GMT
Call-ID: C6310C75-14F111CC-801D9792-19DC655A@172.18.193.98
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Timestamp: 730945400
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 BYE
FigureC-3
C-25
AppendixC
TableC-3
SIP Call Using RFC 2833 for DTMF-Relay Output from GW1 Side
Step
Action
Description
F1
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an e-mail address (user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). In
this example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B
appears as INVITE sip:3111100@64.102.17.80:5060; user=phone. The
user=phone parameter distinguishes that the Request-URI address is a
telephone number rather than a username.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
F2
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by
SIPgateway 1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has
been received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that
some unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
F3
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress response to SIP gateway 1. The
183Session Progress response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is
trying to perform inband alerting for the caller.
Additionally Quality of Service (QoS) reserves sufficient network-layer
resources to guarantee bandwidth and bounds on packet loss, delay, and jitter;
thus ensuring that the called party's phone rings only after bandwidth required
for the call has been successfully reserved.
F4
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As media
capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400 Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
F5
ACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends a an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 1 has received the 200 OK response from SIP gateway 2.
C-26
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Step
Action
Description
F6
BYESIP Gateway 2 to
SIP Gateway 1
SIP Gateway 2 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request
indicates that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to
terminate the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP
URL and the From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
F7
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that SIP gateway 2 has received the BYE request.
Note
---INVITE--->
<-100Trying-<-183SesProg---PRACK---->
<-200/PRACK-<---200OK--------ACK---->
<----BYE-------200OK---->
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
(F1)
(F2)
(F3)
(F4)
(F5)
(F6)
(F7)
(F8)
(F9)
C-27
AppendixC
Note
The SIP INVITE is sent requesting support for Provisional Response messages. This is
communicated in the Supported: header.
(F2)
Received:
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:02:13 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730944162
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
(F3)
Received:
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:02:13 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730944162
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Require: 100rel
RSeq: 8289
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: session;handling=required
Content-Length: 162
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 8320 2989 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 18036 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
Note
The terminating GW responds back that it supports Provisional Responses, but sending the
Require: and Content-Disposition: header.
(F4)
Sent:
PRACK sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:02:42 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
CSeq: 102 PRACK
RAck: 8289 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
C-28
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AppendixC
Note
The originating gateway responds back to the Provisional Response with a PRACK
message.
(F5)
Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:02:13 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 102 PRACK
Content-Length: 0
(F6)
Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:02:13 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Timestamp: 730944162
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 162
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 8320 2989 IN IP4 172.18.193.120
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.120
t=0 0
m=audio 18036 RTP/AVP 18
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
(F7)
Sent:
ACK sip:36602@172.18.193.120:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.98:5060
From: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
To: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:02:42 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Max-Forwards: 6
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 ACK
(F8)
Received:
BYE sip:36601@172.18.193.98:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.120:5060
From: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
To: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:02:28 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
C-29
AppendixC
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 730944154
CSeq: 101 BYE
Content-Length: 0
(F9)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.120:5060
From: <sip:36602@172.18.193.120;user=phone>;tag=20B28-E2A
To: "36601"<sip:36601@172.18.193.98>;tag=27900-D65
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:03:03 GMT
Call-ID: E85BBD00-14EE11CC-800B9D18-7AB2874B@172.18.193.98
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Timestamp: 730944154
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 BYE
FigureC-4
C-30
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
TableC-4
Step
Action
Description
F1
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an e-mail address (user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). In
this example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B
appears as INVITE sip:3111100@64.102.17.80:5060; user=phone. The
user=phone parameter distinguishes that the Request-URI address is a
telephone number rather than a user name.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
F2
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
F3
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress response to SIP gateway 1. The 183
Session Progress response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is trying
to perform inband alerting for the caller.
Additionally Quality of Service (QoS) reserves sufficient network-layer
resources to guarantee bandwidth and bounds on packet loss, delay, and jitter;
thus ensuring that the called party's phone rings only after bandwidth required
for the call has been successfully reserved.
F4
PRACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
F5
C-31
AppendixC
Step
Action
Description
F6
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As media
capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400 Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
F7
ACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends a an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 1 has received the 200 OK response from SIP gateway 2.
F8
BYESIP Gateway 2 to
SIP Gateway 1
SIP gateway 2 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 1. The BYE request indicates
that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to terminate
the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP URL and the
From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
F9
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that SIP gateway 2 has received the BYE request.
-----INV----->
<--100 Trying<--183 QoS ------PRACK---->
<--200/PRACK-----COMET---->
<--200/COMET-<--183SesProg----PRACK---->
<--200/PRACK-<---200OK---------ACK----->
<-reINVITE/FAX
----200OK---->
<----ACK----------BYE----->
<---200OK-----
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
GW2
(F1)
(F2)
(F3)
(F4)
(F5)
(F6)
(F7)
(F8)
(F9)
(F10)
(F11)
(F12)
(F13)
(F14)
(F15)
(F16)
(F17)
C-32
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Note
T.38 support is per T.38 Annex-D and the IETF draft 'draft-mule-sip-t38callflows-01.txt'.
The call-flow below shows a call between two SIP Gateways, which are connected (via
TDM) to fax machines.
(F1)
Received:
INVITE sip:2000@172.18.193.135;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.187:5060;branch=1
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Supported: 100rel
Cisco-Guid: 4143344000-1203638741-2153637452-3172295218
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 5
Timestamp: 989858562
Contact: <sip:1000@172.18.193.196:5060;user=phone>
Expires: 180
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 244
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5535 1304 IN IP4 172.18.193.196
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.196
t=0 0
m=audio 16608 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15
a=qos:optional sendrecv
C-33
AppendixC
Note
(F3)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.187:5060;branch=1,SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Timestamp: 989858562
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Require: 100rel
RSeq: 5700
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: precondition;handling=required
Content-Length: 247
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5201 1828 IN IP4 172.18.193.135
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.135
t=0 0
m=audio 18036 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101
a=qos:optional sendrecv confirm
C-34
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AppendixC
Note
QoS is sent.
(F4)
Received:
PRACK sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
CSeq: 102 PRACK
RAck: 5700 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
(F5)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 102 PRACK
Content-Length: 0
(F6)
Received:
COMET sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
CSeq: 103 COMET
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 243
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5535 1304 IN IP4 172.18.193.196
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.196
t=0 0
m=audio 16608 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15
a=qos:success sendrecv
C-35
AppendixC
Note
(F8)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.187:5060;branch=1,SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Timestamp: 989858562
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Require: 100rel
RSeq: 5701
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: session;handling=required
Content-Length: 214
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5201 1828 IN IP4 172.18.193.135
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.135
t=0 0
m=audio 18036 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101
(F9)
Received:
PRACK sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
CSeq: 104 PRACK
RAck: 5701 101 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
(F10)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
172.18.193.196:5060
C-36
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From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 104 PRACK
Content-Length: 0
(F11)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.187:5060;branch=1,SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Timestamp: 989858562
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 214
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5201 1828 IN IP4 172.18.193.135
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.135
t=0 0
m=audio 18036 RTP/AVP 18 101
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101
(F12)
Received:
ACK sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:42:42 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Max-Forwards: 6
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 ACK
(F13)
Sent:
INVITE sip:1000@172.18.193.196:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.135:5060
From: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
To: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:43:11 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Supported: 100rel
Cisco-Guid: 4143344000-1203638741-2153637452-3172295218
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 989858591
Contact: <sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone>
Expires: 180
C-37
AppendixC
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 403
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5201 1829 IN IP4 172.18.193.135
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.135
t=0 0
m=image 18036 udptl t38
a=T38FaxVersion:0
a=T38MaxBitRate:14400
a=T38FaxFillBitRemoval:0
a=T38FaxTranscodingMMR:0
a=T38FaxTranscodingJBIG:0
a=T38FaxRateManagement:transferredTCF
a=T38FaxMaxBuffer:200
a=T38FaxMaxDatagram:72
a=T38FaxUdpEC:t38UDPRedundancy
a=qos:optional sendrecv
C-38
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
Note
T.38 is signaled via a reINVITE message with the T.38 parameters defined in the SDP
body.
(F14)
Received:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.135:5060
From: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
To: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:43:11 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Contact: <sip:1000@172.18.193.196:5060;user=phone>
CSeq: 101 INVITE
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 138
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 5535 1305 IN IP4 172.18.193.196
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 172.18.193.196
t=0 0
m=image 16608 udptl t38
T.38 is acknowledged. At this point the FAX will be sent using UDPTL.
(F15)
Sent:
ACK sip:1000@172.18.193.196:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.135:5060
From: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
To: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:43:11 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
Max-Forwards: 6
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 101 ACK
(F16)
Received:
BYE sip:2000@172.18.193.135:5060;user=phone SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:43:11 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Max-Forwards: 6
Timestamp: 989858617
CSeq: 105 BYE
Content-Length: 0
(F17)
Sent:
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 172.18.193.196:5060
From: "1000"<sip:1000@172.18.193.196>;tag=14B99A90-269E
To: <sip:2000@172.18.193.187;user=phone>;tag=14B968AC-2668
Date: Mon, 14 May 2001 17:43:37 GMT
Call-ID: F8C02D00-47BE11D5-805FE64C-BD156232@172.18.193.196
C-39
AppendixC
Server: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x
Timestamp: 989858617
Content-Length: 0
CSeq: 105 BYE
FigureC-5
C-40
OL-0894-01
AppendixC
TableC-5
Step
Action
Description
F1
INVITESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends an INVITE request to SIP gateway 2. The INVITE request
is an invitation to User B to participate in a call session.
In the INVITE request:
The phone number of User B is inserted in the Request-URI field in the form
of a SIP URL. The SIP URL identifies the address of User B and takes a
form similar to an e-mail address (user@host where user is the telephone
number and host is either a domain name or a numeric network address). In
this example, the Request-URI field in the INVITE request to User B
appears as INVITE sip:3111100@64.102.17.80:5060; user=phone. The
user=phone parameter distinguishes that the Request-URI address is a
telephone number rather than a username.
The transaction number within a single call leg is identified in the CSeq
field.
The port on which SIP gateway 1 is prepared to receive the RTP data is
specified.
F2
SIP gateway 2 sends a 100 Trying response to the INVITE request sent by SIP
gateway 1. The 100 Trying response indicates that the INVITE request has been
received by SIP gateway 2 but that User B has not yet been located and that some
unspecified action, such as a database consultation, is taking place.
F3
SIP gateway 2 sends a 183 Session Progress response to SIP gateway 1. The
183Session Progress response indicates that SIP gateway 2 has located, and is
trying to perform inband alerting for the caller.
Additionally Quality of Service (QoS) reserves sufficient network-layer
resources to guarantee bandwidth and bounds on packet loss, delay, and jitter;
thus ensuring that the called party's phone rings only after bandwidth required
for the call has been successfully reserved.
F4
PRACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
F5
F6
COMETSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
F7
200/COMETSIP Gateway 2
to SIP Gateway 1
C-41
AppendixC
Step
Action
Description
F8
The 183 Session Progress response is used to perform inband alerting for the
caller.
F9
PRACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
F10
200/PRACKSIP Gateway 2 to
SIP Gateway 1
F11
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 1 that the connection has been made.
If User B supports the media capability advertised in the INVITE message sent
by SIP gateway 1, it advertises the intersection of its own and User As media
capability in the 200 OK response. If User B does not support the media
capability advertised by User A, it sends back a 400Bad Request response with
a 304 Warning header field.
F12
ACKSIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends a an ACK to SIP gateway 2. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 1 has received the 200 OK response from SIP gateway 2.
F13
reINVITE/FAX
SIP Gateway 2 to SIP Gateway 1
SIP gateway 2 receives the initial Fax Tones (T4/T30). It sends a SIP reINVITE to
negotiate the T.38 Fax-Relay capabilities.
F14
SIP gateway 1 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 2. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
F15
ACKSIP Gateway 2 to
SIP Gateway 1
SIP gateway 2 sends an ACK to SIP gateway 1. The ACK confirms that SIP
gateway 2 has received the 200 OK response from SIP gateway 1.
F16
BYESIP Gateway 1 to
SIP Gateway 2
SIP gateway 1 sends a BYE request to SIP gateway 2. The BYE request indicates
that User B wants to release the call. Because it is User B that wants to terminate
the call, the Request-URI field is now replaced with PBX As SIP URL and the
From field contains User Bs SIP URL.
F17
SIP gateway 2 sends a 200 OK response to SIP gateway 1. The 200 OK response
notifies SIP gateway 2 that SIP gateway 1 has received the BYE request.
C-42
OL-0894-01