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Outils de calcul
et coefficients dmissions
M. Andr
06/04/2012
Objectifs - Sommaire
Sommaire
Modles agrgs
(fonction de la vitesse moyenne)
Emission = f(Average Speed V, vehicle category)
Copert4, Corinair international approach, etc.
Trip-based approach (macroscopic)
Aggregated models - Emission = f(traffic flow)
Typical fleet composition
Urban / rural / motorway or Average speed
Emission data
Large range of simple aggregated measurements (driving cycles)
i.e. 3000 light vehicles, 28000 tests in COPERT4, ARTEMIS, HBEFA
Large range of pollutants
Limits
Average speed is insufficient to relate the traffic dynamic / engine
sensitivity
Local / instantaneous estimation is not valid
Modles agrgs
(approche situations de trafic )
Basic ideas:
to define traffic situations which enable describing a case study
Road characteristics (function, geometry, speed limit, etc.)
Traffic condition (in 4 classes, stop&go to free-flow)
Advantages / drawbacks
dtail
Modles agrgs
(approche situations de trafic )
Urbain
Vitesse
Rural
Rseau
principal
(autoroutes,
nationales)
Voies locales
Fluide
Charg
90
60
Proche saturation
30
Congestion
Autoroutes
artres
urbaines
2000
4000
6000
8000
Voies interquartiers
Desserte
+
gradient,
sinuosit
Modle
Modle dmission
dmission
(selon
(selon catgorie
catgorie de
de vhicule)
vhicule)
200
temps
temps
time
Emission
retour
Complexit:
structure trs dtaille, connaissance des parcs
Description des trafics et conditions de circulation
Pour un polluant p,
mission totale =
etc.
Intgration spatiale:
macroscopique ou rseau routier
Au
t
or
ou
tie
r
ur
al
rb
ai
n
Calcul dmission
diffrentes chelles (transport routier)
Situations dtailles de trafic
Lmission tient compte de la nature
dynamique des conditions de circulation
Complexit transcrire un cas:
Identification des situations de trafic
Distribution du kilomtrage
Approche
vitesse moyenne
NOx
Composition
Compositiondu
duparc
parc
Nombre
Nombrede
devhicules
vhiculespar
parcatgories
catgories
Activit
Activitde
detrafic
trafic
Vhicule
VhiculexxKm,
Km,par
parcatgories
catgories
Conditions
de
circulation
Conditions de circulationetetdusage
dusage
Conditions
Conditionsambiantes
ambiantes
Annes
Annesdintroduction
dintroductionde
delala
rglementation
rglementationdes
desmissions
missions
Annes
Annesetetpourcentages
pourcentages(par
(parEuro-N)
Euro-N)
Donnes
Donneset
etfonctions
fonctions
dmission
dmission
Chaud,
Chaud,froid,
froid,vaporation,
vaporation,
polluants
rglements
polluants rglementsetetnon
nonR.
R.
Fonctions
Fonctionsde
decorrection
correction
Correction
Correctionselon
seloncarburants
carburants
Tx
Txde
derduction
rductionfuturs
futursconcepts
concepts
Processeur
Processeurde
defacteurs
facteurs
dmission
dmission
Agrgs
Agrgsou
oudtaills
dtaills
Jeu
Jeude
dedonnes
donnesdapplication
dapplication
Cas
Casdapplication:
dapplication:combinaison
combinaisonde
de
scnarios
scnariosde
deparc
parcetettrafic
traficsur
surun
un
rseau
rseaude
deroutes,
routes,une
uneaire,
aire,etc.
etc.
Calcul
Calculdmission
dmission
Totale
Totaleetetpar
parcatgories
catgoriesde
devhicules,
vhicules,
lieux,
routes,
conditions
de
trafic,
lieux, routes, conditions de trafic,etc.
etc.
missions
missionschaud,
chaud,froid,
froid,vaporation,..
vaporation,..
Approche
Approchemacroscopique
macroscopiqueou
ourseau
rseau
Fleet
Fleetcomposition
composition
Hot,
Cold
start,
Evaporative,
Fleet
composition
Hot,
Cold
start,
Evaporative,
Vehicle
number per detailed categories
Fleet
composition
Vehicle number per detailed categories
regulated
Traffic
activity number, per detailed categories, segments
regulated
non-regulated
Vehicle
and age/ /non-regulated
Traffic
activity number,
Vehicle
emissions
emissionsdata
data/ /functions
functions
Traffic
activity
Traffic
activity
Emissions concepts introduction
New
Newconcepts
conceptsreduction
reductionrates
rates
Emissions
concepts
introduction
Vehicle
x Km, per
segment,
per segment,per
pertype
typeofofcirculation
circulation(urban,
(urban,rural,
rural,motorway)
motorway)
Emission
factors
Mileage
Emission factorsprocessor
processor
Mileageacc.
acc.totovehicle
vehicleage
age
Aggregated
and
per
vehicle
(Average
speed
/
Aggregated
traffic
situations)
Aggregated
and
per
vehicle
(Average speed / Aggregated traffic situations) category
category temporal
Ambient
Ambientconditions,
conditions,starts,
starts,trips,
trips,parking
parkingcharacteristics
characteristicsand
and temporal
variations
variations
Traffic
TrafficData
DataSet
Set
Vehicle
x Km,
Years
and shares
Years and shares
Emissions
concepts
introduction
Emissions
concepts
introduction
Traffic
scenarios,
application
Traffic
scenarios,
application
Years
and
shares
Years
and
shares of
cases:
combination
cases: combination
ofFleet
Fleet
scenarios,
Fleet
/
traffic
by
detailed
categories:
mileage
or
Fleet / traffic
by detailed
categories:
scenarios,
mileage
ortraffic
traffic
years
YY1, ,
Ynsituations
- -projections
, Yn+k
flow
and
years
projectionsYYn+1
1 Ynsituations
n+1, Yn+k
flow
andtraffic
traffic
Emission
Emissioncomputation
computation
Total
Totaland
andper
pervehiclevehicle-and
androadroadcategories,
traffic
conditions,
categories, traffic conditions,etc.
etc.
Hot,
Hot,cold,
cold,evaporative
evaporativeemissions
emissions
Discrete approach
WG Corinair, COST319,Meet
Swiss-Germany-Austria works
COPERT versions 1, 2, 3
Handbuch HBFEA
Groupe DACH + NL + S
COPERT version IV
En cours
Rvision des hypothses de parcs et trafic
Mise en oeuvre mthodologie
ARTEMIS/HBEFA
06/04/2012
16
Difficults mthodologiques
Champ couvert, distinction pollution locale contribution totale
Statistiques parcs et trafic (France)
06/04/2012
17
06/04/2012
19