ii

PR E FAC E

Gratitude belongs only to Almighty God, who has given his affection to
the author for taking the time to complete the paper titled "Resistivity Method".
The author also thank those who have assisted in the completion of this paper.
The authors are aware that this paper is still far from perfect. Therefore,
the authors expect criticism and suggestions either in writing or orally, in
particular course to the Communication geophysic technique lecturer. Haddy
Suprapto, Dr.Ms, so that writers can develop science, especially science
Geophysical.

Yogyakarta, 17 May 2014

Compiler
FAISAL AHMAD

ABSTRACT

iii

Resistivity method is one of the geoelectric method used to study the condition of subsurface flow
by studying the properties electricity in the rock beneath the earth's surface. Geoelectric method is
one of way of geophysical methods to detect rock layers the subsurface. The value resistivity can
be derived from the value of the current and potential difference from a variety of different
distances electroda. In the resistivity method is assumed to be homogeneous isotropic earth where
resistivity values measured is not an true value but it is apparent resistivity values (apparent
resistivity). Surface electrical resistivity surveying is based on the principle that the distribution of
electrical potential in the ground around a current-carrying electrode depends on the electrical
resistivities and distribution of the surrounding soils and rocks. The usual practice in the field is to
apply an electrical direct current (DC) between two electrodes implanted in the ground and to
measure the difference of potential between two additional electrodes that do not carry current.
All analysis and interpretation are done on the basis of direct currents. The distribution of
potential can be related theoretically to ground resistivities and their distribution for some simple
cases, notably, the case of a horizontally stratified ground and the case of homogeneous masses
separated by vertical planes (e.g., a vertical fault with a large throw or a vertical dike). For other
kinds of resistivity distributions, interpretation is usually done by qualitative comparison of
observed response with that of idealized hypothetical models or on the basis of empirical methods.

iv

TABLE OF FIGURE
II.1. Variation of water resistivity with concentration .....5
of dissolved NaCl
II.2. Archies law variation of bulk resistivity....6
III.1. Some common electrode arrays and their ...............................11
geometric factors
III.2. Variation in gradient array geometric factor ....11
with distance along and across line
III.3. Current flow patterns.....14
III.4. Signal contribution sections...15
III.5. layer apparent resistivity type curves .......16
III.6. Relative effect of a thin.....17
III.7. Construction of a complete Schlumberger ...22
depth-sounding curve
III.8. Offset Wenner sounding.....23
III.9. Sequential curve matching..25

III.10. Wenner array pseudo-sections.....26

vi