As-Sarf (Morphology) ~ Class Nine

,
Our teacher began with praising Allaah and sending salaat and salaam on the Messenger of
Allaah, his family, companions and followers until the Last Day and began:

CONTINUATION OF CHAPTER ONE

Chapter One is a principle (pattern followed) in three types of Verbs:
1- Whenever the

is a

2- Whenever the is a

The Laam here is the third Original letter (The Laam of the Word)

Example of the second type:

, because it is of Chapter
One and it goes according to the principle Whenever the is a
We are supposed to match these root letters with

USING THE SCALE TO WIEGH THE ROOT LETTERS

Chapter One, using the second type of Verbs which are taken as a principle to this Chapter:

Whenever the is a

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

The Maadh, which is on the scale of

The past verb

..
and place it over the , and give it the
same harakah as the
, which is a fathah .
1st: We bring the First Original Letter the

and place it over the ( ayn of the

word), and give it the same harakah as the , which is a fathah .

2nd: We bring the Second Original Letter the

and place it over the , and give it the

same harakah as the
, which is a fathah .
3rd: We bring the Third Original Letter the

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

..
and place it over the , and give it the
same harakah as the
, which is a fathah
.
1st: We bring the First Original Letter the

2nd: We bring the Second Original Letter the

same harakah as the

and place it over the , and give it the

, which is a fathah .

and place it over the , and give it the

same harakah as the
, which is a fathah .
3rd: We bring the Third Original Letter the

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

We do the same with the following root letters:

..

..

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

..

..

..

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

..

..

We notice that the third original letter is a Waaw is in all the given root letters.
There is something peculiar about these Verbs according to a General
Principle Ustaadh gave us, which says:
GENERAL PRINCIPLE -: If the or the had a Harakah (i.e. Fathah, Kasrah, or
Dhammah) and the letter before had a Fathah, we turn the or the into an

In the example mentioned above, we see that in all the Verbs the Laam of the word is a

with a harakah (a fathah) and it is preceded by a letter that has a Fathah, this means that we

can apply this General Principle in all the Verbs, by turning the into an .

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

This is what the Arabs do to every Verb of this kind.

He called/ invoked

As said:

And who is better in speech than he who [says: My Lord is Allah (believes in His
Oneness), and then stands straight (acts upon His Order), and] invites (men) to Allahs
(Islamic Monotheism), and does righteous deeds, and says: I am one of the Muslims.
[41:33]

It appeared

As said:

And those who did wrong (the polytheists and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah), if they
had all that is in earth and therewith as much again, they verily, would offer it to ransom
themselves therewith on the Day of Resurrection from the evil torment, and there will become
apparent to them from Allah, what they had not been reckoning.
[39:47]

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

He tested

He recited/ read
It can also mean: He followed

As said:

And by the moon as it follows it (the sun);

[91:2]

He hoped

It cleared out

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

He crawled

He/it came closer

As said:

Then he [Jibrael (Gabriel)] approached and came closer, [53:8]

He/it became hard/harsh

You can use it literally or metaphorically

As said:

When Our Torment reached them, why then did they not believe with humility? But their
hearts becamehardened, and Shaitan (Satan) made fair-seeming to them that which they used
to do. [6:43]

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

The Mudaari, which is on the scale of

The Present Verb

..

1st: We bring the

in the beginning, which is one of the letters of the Mudaari.

2nd: We give it a fathah .

( faa of the word), and

because the is silence (doesnt have any harakah) we silence the daal .

3rd: We bring the First Original Letter the and place it over the

and place it over the ( ayn of the

word), and give it the same harakah as the (ayn of the word), which is a dhammah
.

4th: We bring the Second Original Letter the

and place it over the (laam of the word),

and give it the same harakah as the
, which is a dhammah
.
5th: We bring the Third Original Letter the

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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..
1st: We bring the

in the beginning, which is one of the letters of the Mudaari.

2nd: We give it a fathah

3rd: We bring the First Original Letter the

and because the

and place it over the (faa of the word),

is silence (doesnt have any harakah) we silence the .

and place it over the ( ayn of the word), and

give it the same harakah as the , which is a dhammah

.
4th: We bring the Second Original Letter the

and place it over the ( laam of the word), and

give it the same harakah as the
, which is a dhammah
.
5th: We bring the Third Original Letter the

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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We do the same with the following root letters:

This because there is a Principle which covers them all.

That is why Principles are important whether you have it here or in any other Science,
you are relaxed and see things unlike others.

As they say:

, which means: Insanity is of many colours.

..

..

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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..

..

..

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..

..

Here we notice that the

has a Dhammah, and the Dhammah is heavy on the Waaw and

this causes heaviness in Speech, and we know by the Mother Principle that: Arabs Seek
Lightness in Speech.
There is a Principle that says: The Dhammah is heavy on the

so it is moved to the

letter before IF it is Vacant (from any Harakah).

IF you cant Move Remove.

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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This means that the first thing we try to do is to look to the letter before and see if it is vacant

from any Harakah so that we can Move the Dhammah on the to it. In this case it isnt, so
that means Remove.

,
,
.
,

We cant do the same like with:

We simply remove the Dhammah.

The bring the meaning of the Mudaari from its Maadh.

Why do we bring the Waaw back in the Mudaari and we do not keep the Alif that we
turned in the Maadh from the Waaw? This because we are forming the Mudaari from
the Original letters of the Maadh. The reason why we do not turn the Waaw into an
Alif in the Mudaari is because although the Waaw has a harakah, but the letter before
it doesnt have a Fathah for it to be turned into an Alif, so the Principle of turning the
Waaw into an Alif doesnt apply here.

Sukoon = No Harakah

He calls/ invokes

As said:

And who is more astray than one who calls (invokes) besides Allah, such as will not answer
him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their calls (invocations) to
them? [46:5]

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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It appears

He tests

He recites/ reads
He follows

As said:

Those (who embraced Islam from Bani Israel) to whom We gave the Book [the Taurat
(Torah)] [orthose (Muhammads Peace be upon him companions) to whom We have given
the Book (the Quran)]recite it (i.e. obey its orders and follow its teachings) as it should be
recited (i.e. followed), they are the ones that believe therein. And whoso disbelieves in it (the
Quran), those are they who are the losers. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi. Vol. 2, Page 95).
[2:121]

He hopes

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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As said:

Say (O Muhammad SAW): I am only a man like you. It has been inspired to me that your
Ilah (God) is One Ilah (God i.e. Allah). So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord, let
him work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord.
[18:110]

The Meeting includes the Seeing

It clears out

He crawls

He/it comes close

He/it becomes hard/harsh

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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HOMEWORK
Bring the following Root letters on the scale of
the Principles given.

( Chapter One), and apply

Example:

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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Exercise:

..

..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

~~~ END OF CLASS ~~~

Notes transcribed by: Umm Sufyaan Al Maghribiyyah

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf

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