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L.K. Vijh, Executive Director (Plant Operations & Safety Division), Engineers India Limited
Presentation Plan
Introduction to LPG Storage and Transfer
BLEVE
What is Mounded Bullet !!!!!!!?
Design Codes Applicable
Facility Sitting
Design Parameters
Instrumentation and fittings on vessel
Fire and Gas Detection
Operation, Maintenance and Inspection
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Introduction
LPG is a mixture of propane and Butane with an explosive range of 1.8%
to 9.5% in air
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BLEVE
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE)
Superheated liquids flash typically increasing the volume over 200 times.
Results in heavy damage due to fire ball, pressure wave and impact by
vessel fragments.
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BLEVE Incident
San Juanico Disaster PEMEX, Mexico, 1984
BEFORE
AFTER
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Mounded Storage
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Mound - Fabrication
Mounded vessel(s) shall be placed on a firm foundation & installed so as to prevent movement or floatation.
The preferred type of foundation is a continuous sand bed, supporting the vessel over its full length.
The foundation shall be constructed with a slope of at least 1:200 to facilitate draining of the vessel.
The sand beneath the vessel shall be adequate elevation not less that 0.76 m to facilitate drainage.
Mound shall be earth, sand or non-combustible (vermiculate or perlite) for atleast 700 mm thickness.
The mound shall protect the vessel from radiation and robust against jet fire impingement.
The surrounding of bottom nozzle should be filled with such material that can absorb settlement.
Provision for monitoring settlement of the vessel at minimum 3 reference points shall be provided.
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Mounded Bullet
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Mounded Bullet
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Description
Separation
Distances* (m)
15
15
30
Road of minimum 3.5 m width shall be provided around the mound for movement of earth
moving/ fire fighting equipment
Storage Principles
Design Codes
Standards
OISD-STD-150 (Design and Safety Requirements For LPG Mounded Storage Facility
OISD-STD-144 (LPG Installations)
OISD-STD-169 (Guidelines for small LPG Plants)
OISD-STD-116 (Fire Protection facilities for Petroleum Refineries and Oil/Gas Processing)
OISD-STD-118 (Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations)
OISD-STD-152 (Safety instrumentation for process system in HC industry)
OISD-STD-164 (Fire Proofing in Oil & Gas Industry)
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Design Parameters
Description
Values*
Design Code
Design Temperature
-27 C to + 55 C
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Corrosion Protection
Radiography
Full
Stress Relieving
Level Indication
Minimum two different types of level indicators and one independent high level switch shall be
provided. One transmitter shall be of Servo type and other Radar type.
Radar type level instrument shall have facility to measure RVP and temperature.
Min two number of manholes on the top of vessel is provided
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Sensor Location
Minimum one detector on each exposed portion of vessel. If nozzles are
covered in dome, each group shall have at least two detectors.
At least one detector near ROV on all liquid line.
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Mounded Bullet
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Mounded Bullet
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Vessel shall be tested every 5 years internally using visual and NDT Testing. Wall thickness shall be
measured ultrasonically.
Sprinkler spray density, flow rate and response time for every facility shall be verified once in every 6
months
Cathodic protection System
CP system given for the bullet is to provide protection against soil side corrosion.
Protective potential readings to be monitored at fortnightly and quarterly intervals.
Insulating joints shall be inspected once in a year.
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Tests at 5 years intervals are extremely critical as the vessel is taken out of
service and offers rare opportunity to inspect it from inside.
Operators must engage specialist over and above NDT agency to get full
benefit.
In one such instance the defect was serious enough to call for derating of
the vessel.
After thorough study, a rectification scheme was given which met the
statutory approval and the bullet was brought back to sound health for
normal operation.
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Operation
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Commissioning
Commissioning of bullets are carried out as per following steps:
Cleaning and flushing /blowing of system
Tightness test with water/air/Nitrogen with maximum possible pressure
app 10-12 kg/cm2 g
Simulated check of all controls and interlock
Check of all Security System
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Commissioning
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Operation
Receiving
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Operation - Receiving
Receiving
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Operation-pump Out
Pump
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Operation - Loading
Loading
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THANK YOU
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