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Operational Amplifier
Operational Amplifier
The DC coupled electronic voltage amplifier with high gain, that consists of two input terminals is
shown in the figure. The differential input is fed to the two input terminals (inverting input terminal
and non-inverting input terminal) of the op amp and it produces a single output potential at Vout
terminal. Thus, potential difference fed to its two input terminals is amplified for producing an
amplified output. This amplified output is equal to hundreds of thousands of times of difference
between the input signals.
The output of the amplifier can be given as
Vout = AOL (V+ V-)
Where,
o
Comparator Circuit
The device that consists of two input terminals, in which reference input signal is fed to one
terminal and the actual value of the signal is fed to another terminal. Then, an output signal is
generated at the output terminal based on the difference between the two input signals fed to the
two input terminals. This generated output signal is either 0 (low) or 1 (high).
In electrical and electronics terminology, the device used for comparing two voltage signals or
current signals that are fed to the two analog input terminals, thereby producing one binary digital
output signal to indicate the larger input signal is called as a comparator circuit.
Comparator Circuit
The two analog input terminals are represented as V+ (Vin) & V- (Vref) in the above comparator
circuit. The digital output is generated at the output terminal V0 (Vout). The output signal of
comparator circuit is given by
If
V+
>
V-
(Vin
is
greater
than
Vref),
then
V0
and
Op Amp as Comparator
741 operational amplifiers are basic operational amplifiers that can be used as a comparator
circuit in many electronics circuits. For example, if we consider a temperature controlled switch;
then switching operation is performed based on the temperature. If the actual temperature value
exceeds the preset reference temperature value, then an output voltage (low or high) is
produced by temperature sensor accordingly.
If we consider the basic comparator arrangement, then there will be high frequency voltage
variations caused due to noise. This problem is needed to be considered in case of operational
amplifiers that are particularly designed as comparator circuits. This noise is produced whenever
the input voltage signal and reference voltage signal are close to each other.