Friis transmission equation

Chrystian Viteri 452

Cristian Monar 246286
Mauricio Tobar 638
Dayana Ordoez 659
Escuela de Ingeniera Electronica en Telecomunicaciones y Redes
Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo
May 4,2015
Emails: chyss18@hotmail.com
chyss18@hotmail.com
mauri tovar 21@hotmail.com
dayana151094@hotmail.com

AbstractIn this article speaks about the equation of Friis,

which we will detail its use,the way,where we should implement
it, and what factors we must take into account to apply it in a
better way.

I. I NTRODUCTION
The present program is designed for the purpose to display
threedimensional graphs in free space, both electric field
and magnetic field and their polarization, addition also the
wave propagation in the zaxis, for which we were used a
powerful tool for solve prob lems or mathematics exercises
called MATLAB soft ware.This software give us the facility
to observe the behavior of a wave in real time. Through its
role as plotting of functions and data, implementation of algo
rithms, creation of user interfaces we got the requested result.

II. F RIIS TRANSMISSION EQUATION

The Friis Transmission Equation relates the power received
to the power transmitted between two antennas separated by a
distance R>2D2/, where D is the largest dimension of either
antenna.Referring to Fig. 1.,let us assume that the transmitting antenna is initially isotropic[1]

Wo = e t

Pt
4R2

where:
et Radiation efficiency of the transmitting antenna
Pt Power at the terminals of the transmitting antenna.
Wo Isotropic power density.
R Distance.

(1)

Fig. 1. Geometrical orientation of transmitting and receiving antennas for

Friis transmission equation.

A. Nonisotropic transmitting antenna

The power density of (1) in the direction t , t can be
written as
Wt =

Pt Gt (t t )
Pt Dt (t t )
= et
2
4R
4R2

(2)

where:
Gt (t ,t ) is the gain.
Dt (t ,t ) is the directivity of the transmitting antenna in
the direction t ,t [1].
B. Effective Area of Antenna
Is related to its effiency and directivity D
(2 )
(3)
4
The amount of power P, collected by the receiving antenna
can be written, using (2) and (3) as
Ar = er Dr (r r )

Pr = er Dr (r r )

2 Dt (r t )Dr (r r )Pt
(2 )
|b
t b
r |2
W t = er er
4
4R2
(4)

C. The ratio of the received to the input power

Pr
2 Dt (t , t )Dr (r , r )
= et er
2
Pt
(4R)
where:

(5)

Pr : is the received power

Pt : is the transmitted power
: is the wavelength
Dt (t , t ) : is directivity of the transmitting antenna in the
direction t , t
Dr (r , r ) : is directivity of the receiving antenna in the
direction r , r
R : is the distance between the transmitter and the received
et : is the radiation effiency of the transmitting antenna
er : is the radiation effiency of the receiving antenna
The power received based on (5) assumes that the transmitting and receiving antennas are matched to their respective
lines or loads (reection efciencies are unity) and the polarization of the receiving antenna is polarization-matched to
the impinging wave (polarization loss factor and polarization
efciency are unity). If these two factors are also included, then
It is the ratio of the received power and the transmitted power
of (5) is represented by

I became aware that the polarization of the antennas located

in free space is very important, and obviously must be in
exactly the same plane to provide the best signal and that
there is no reflection of the information.
1

R EFERENCES
[1] Constantine A. Balanis A JOHN,ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN,3nd edition.
[2] Constantine A. Balanis A JOHN,ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN,3nd edition.
[3] Matematicas I. MATLAB: Comandos y Ejemplos.Available:
http:/ocw.unican.esensenanza-tecnicas/fundamentos-matematicos-i/otrosrecursos-2/comandos-ejemplo-matlab.pdf

2
Pr
2
2
2
= eedt eedr (1|t | )(1|r | )(
) Dt (t , t )Dr (r , r )|bt br |
Pt
4R
(6)
where:
Pr : is the received power
Pt : is the transmitted power
: is the wavelength
Dt (t , t ) : is directivity of the transmitting antenna in the
direction t , t
Dr (r , r ) : is directivity of the receiving antenna in the
direction r , r
R : is the distance between the transmitter and the received
t : is the transmitter reflection coefficient
r : is the receiver reflection coefficient
bt : is the transmitter polarization vector
br : is the receiver polarization vector
2
Pr
=(
) G0r G0t
Pt
4R

(7)

where:
Pr : is the received power
Pt : is the transmitted power
R : is the distance between the transmitter and the received
: is the wavelength
G0t : is the transmitter gain
G0r : is the receiver gain
III. APPLICATIONS
The analysis and design of radar and communications
system often require the use of the friis transmission equation
and the radar range equation[1].
IV. CONCLUSIONS
It was concluded that strengthened and is comprised of a
better way the knowledge acquired in classes on the three types
of polarization.

1 Matlab.

Antennas, ESPOCH FIE.