PREFACE

This report document the work done during the internship at Packaging
Department at Descon Engineering, starting from june 2009 to January 2010, Lahore,
Pakistan.This report first shall give an overview of the tasks given to my department and than
tasks given to me with technical details.
I have tried my best to keep report simple yet technically correct. I hope I succeed in my
attempt.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Simply put, I could not have done this work without the lots of help I received
cheerfully from whole team of Descon. The work culture there is really motivate. Everybody is
such a friendly and cheerful companion here that work stress is never comes in work.
I would specially like to thanks my supervisors and my team for providing me the nice ideas
to work upon. Not only did they advised about my work but listening to their decisions in
meetings have evoked a good interest in my field. I am highly indebted to my team. Because
of them I learnt a lot.

ABSTRACT
The report presents the following tasks during my stay at Descon industry:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Packaging Equipments
Bid Documentations
Request for Quotations
Technical clarification
Technical Bid Evaluation
Vendor Document Review
Inter Department Co-ordination
Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning System (HVAC)
Calculatio of Heating and cooling Load using software.
All the tasks have been successfully completed results were according to
expectations.

INTRODUCTION
Descon Engineering was established in 1977. DESCON Engineering is part of
DESCON group which has three major businesses namely Engineering, Chemicals &
Power. It has been a pioneer in the engineering field since its creation. With years the
scope of this firm has expanded to large extent.
In 2008, Descon Integrated Project Limited was created with the scope of an
Engineering, Procurement and Construction firm. This division plays the role of a
contractor where it designs the installation, procures the necessary materials and
builds the project, either directly or by subcontracting part of the work depending on
the scope. The role of this firm is to provide their client with a finished running project.
Till date a number of projects have been successfully executed by Descon Integrated
Projects Limited.
Within this firm, there are numerous other engineering departments which are allotted
their respective engineering activities. The departments are as follows:
Mechanical
Rotary
Civil
Package Equipment
Piping
Instrumentation & Control
Project Management
Presson Descon
For the purpose of internship, I was assigned in the Package Equipment
Department where I got numerous opportunities which led to intensive learning.

PACKAGE EQUIPMENT
This department was formed, with purpose of determining the scope of this company
and then accordingly decides whether a package needs to be manufactured in house
or subcontracted to the vendors. It is this department that has channelized the
process of contractor-ship for this firm. This main role of this department is
preparation and generation of the necessary documents that are required for a
specific contract. These include documents such as:
Request For Quotations (RFQ)
Technical Clarification Sheet (TCS)
Technical Bid Evaluation (TBE)
Vendor Document Review (VDR)
This department is responsible for evaluating the quotations received from vendors
regarding equipments. This department is also responsible for evaluation of technical
data depending on the scope.
Additionally, this department also handles the HVAC Equipments. All the detailed
engineering regarding the requirements and types of HVAC equipment that are
needed for a provided space are carried out by this department.

Fig 2.1 Work Flow diagram of Package Equipment Department

BID DOCUMENT
It is this document that contains each and every detail regarding the project
equipments that are required. Bid document is initially received by the commercial
department but they forward this document to the project management department
who assign a project manager. It is the project manager that assembles an
engineering team who has to decide its scope of work.
This is a very comprehensive report that mentions each and every item that is
required, listing its general specifications for the project. For example, it may state
that the client needs a 40MW power plant that should be based on steam turbines.
Using inter-department coordination, this department assembles an engineering team
with the aim of selecting the equipments that can be handled by the company. It is
obvious that a single company cannot arrange all the required equipments on its own.
For that purpose, vendors and sub-vendors may be hired to develop the package.

REQUEST FOR QUOTATIONS (RFQ)

This document is generated so as to invite vendors to express their interest in
providing the equipments that needed for the project. In this document the contractor
(DIPL) lists all the general terms and conditions that vendor as to abide by. Two types
of RFQ are generated, one is in report form and other is a tabulated sheet.

3.1

REPORT FORM
In this document all the general terms and conditions such as the standards,
working environment conditions and the terms of conditions for warranty etc are
mentioned. This document gives a general form of requirements of the contractor.
This document is usually the same for numerous projects and its vendors as this
states the companys general rules and conditions that the contractor expects the
vendor to follow.

3.2

TABLE FORM
All the technical specifications are listed in tabular form in the form of different
disciplines. For example all the technical details regarding piping are listed under the
heading of piping and all the wiring details are listed under Instrumentation and
Control. This document lists all the technical aspects of the package
Once the RFQ has been generated, it is passed on to the commercial department
who is responsible for the transmission of all the prepared documents to the vendors.
At all stages, the communication of vendor and contractor is carried out through the
commercial department.

QUOTATIONS
After the RFQ is sent to the recommended list of vendors, the vendors express
their interest by providing their quotes for any specific equipment or a package to the
commercial department. This might be sent in a tabular form or in form of general
quotation. The quotation is passed on to package equipment department. It is the
duty of this department to sort the mentioned specifications and put those values in
the tabular form of RFQ. Once this has been done, we can proceed on to the
technical clarifications.

TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS
Usually the vendor does not meet 100% specifications in their original quote, so
the contractor (DIPL) needs to clarify the listed specifications. A sequence of
meetings will be held between vendor and contractor, with the commercial
department acting as a bridge in-between, so that all the aspects can be clarified to a

level of acceptance. For this purpose a document is created that is termed as

Technical Clarification Sheet. This document has derived from the tabular RFQ.
The vendor must be in compliance with the contractor in each and every step as this
is necessary for approval of the contract

TECHNICAL BID EVALUATION

As soon as we are done with clarification, the bid as a whole is evaluated for each
and every vendor. Their compliance and deviations are listed down at this stage. A
tabulated document is then prepared, which is used to compare each and every
technical aspect of all the vendors side by side. With this we can easily compare the
bids and hence we can evaluate the strengths of every vendor. The vendors are then
listed in order of preference and this list is sent to the commercial department who
are
then responsible for selecting a single vendor on the basis of bid value.

VENDOR DOCUMENT REVIEW

The vendor is required to submit all the before mentioned drawings to the contractor
so that they can be checked by the contractor. This department is responsible to get
these drawings approved by their respective departments. As the package equipment
is considered to be the owner of a project, it is this departments responsibility to keep
all the check on the progress and quality of manufacturing.

INTER DEPARTMENT CO-ORDINATION

Inter Department Co-ordination is also termed as inter department communication. It
is carried out at each and every step in the development of documents as during the
processes such as evaluation of technical data and clarifications, the concerned
department is responsible for the listed specifications under his scope. Approval and
amendments are made by the concerned departments after applying detailed

engineering.

HEATING VENTILATING AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS (HVAC)

These are the systems that are used in heating, cooling and conditioning of air in a
given space. HVAC system design is a major subdiscipline of mechanical
engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat
transfer. HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office
buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where
safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and
humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
To get an insight on this process, I was provided with ASHRAE Heating and Cooling
Load calculation manual which provided me with necessary basic conceptual
knowledge regarding the types of loads that are to be considered.
The types of loads that are taken into account are as follows:

9.1

EXTERNAL LOADS
This includes heat transfer from surfaces such as roof, walls, glass and partition
ceilings etc. Heat transfer may occur in the form of conduction and convection due
to temperature difference on both sides of these surfaces and solar heat transfer.
External loads are dependent on the area of surfaces and their respective heat
transfer coefficient.

9.2

INTERNAL LOADS
This includes heat load due to lighting, occupants, appliances and also depends
on the type of activity that is being held in that space. All the internal load factors
can be varied by changing the human activity or the schedule of that activity.

9.3

VENTILATION AND INFILTRATION AIR

Outside air in the form of infiltration and ventilation provides a special type of load
which is imposed on the conditioned space or the system. Ventilation is supplied to
meet air purity and odor standards, while infiltration arises from controlled or
uncontrolled leakage around doors and windows or through walls.

When calculating the cooling load all the above mentioned factors are taken into
considerations. Whereas, internal loads and solar heat gain is neglected usually when
heating load is to be calculated.

10 CALCULATION OF HEATING AND COOLING LOAD USING

SOFTWARE
The heating and cooling load can be found directly using the specially designed
software called HAP (Hourly Analysis Program). The software has a set of preset
values of weather station from where the altitude and temperatures can be predicted.
Along with that the software allows you to add all the details such as the dimensions,
orientation and the building material of the surfaces. We have to define all the spaces
according to the drawings provided for a building.

At the end we define the type of system that we will be using for example it can be
packaged rooftop and CAV single zone unit. Using all the given input values, the
software calculates the required heating and cooling load for the building. The
program itself calculates the specifications of air handling unit according to the
ventilation requirement.

11 EXPERIENCE
During my 6 months internship program, I was provided with a variety of career
building experiences. I got the chance to learn a lot of things for example using
software such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus Notes and HAP etc.
This period of intensive learning proved to be an experiential learning opportunity for
me to apply the concepts, knowledge and skills gained to the real world situation.
Additionally this internship helped me in development of communication and critical
thinking skills. I am very thankful to all my supervisors for providing me with such
opportunities.