BOOK

A book is a collection of papers, scrolls or other such

material in the form of sheets or worksheets mostly equal to each
other and linked or stapeled in a volume. The books are usually
printed (rarely written) and contain various written works, the
greatest diversity of themes. A book is also a literary or scientific
work, or a substantial part of such work.
The appearance of the book
The oldest method of transmitting messages and stories was via the
oral transmission (Word of mouth), (tradition), (Australian
aborigine saying). When writing systems were invented in ancient
times, the clay tiles and parchment were used, for example in the
library of Alexandria.
The scrolls were later replaced with the Codex, related books,
books of today. The Codex was invented in the early centuries after
Christ or even earlier. It is said that Julius Caesar invented the first
codex during the Gallic wars, linking the scrolls in the accordion
style pages and used as reference points.
Before the invention and adoption of the printing press, all books
were copied by hand, so they were expensive and rare. During the
middle ages, churches, universities and wealthy nobles he allowed
books, which were often bound with chains to prevent their theft.
The first books used parchment or leather calf for pages, but
subsequently replaced with paper.
Later in the middle ages, books began to be produced with the
printing blocks, where an embossed image of an entire page was

carved into the wood, and can be added to the ink, reproducing
multiple copies of that page. However, creating an entire book was
a process that required much effort, those blocks of sculptured
pattern for each page.
The oldest printed book is the Diamond Sutra, a text of the
Perfection of the wisdom found in 1907 by the archaeologist Sir
Marc Aurel Stein in a cave near Dunhuang, in Northwest China, to
finish writing that was printed at 13 of the fourth month of the
ninth year of Xiatong (i.e. 11 may 868), with 587 years before the
Gutenberg Bible. At present, this book can be seen at the British
Library in London.
Chinese inventor Pi Sheng has created a mobile press of scorched
earth around the year 1046, but we have no examples of printed
Characters on it were put in a tray where they were lined up with
hot wax, then press with a plank came up all at the same level, and
when the wax cooled he used letter tray to print whole pages.
Invention of the printing press
Johann Gutenberg only that popularized the printing press with
movable metal letters in the 15th century, thus becoming more
accessible books. This, however, has upset the status quo, resulting
in remarks such as "The printer allows the cards to get into the
hands of those who have no job to read".
In the following centuries have been improved both the printed
press and the conditions for freedom of the press through the
gradual relaxation of restrictive laws. View: intellectual property,
public domain, copyright.
In the mid-19th century, paper made from pulp (wood pulp) was
introduced because it was cheaper, so that they could achieve
cheap novels, textbooks and school books in any field leading to a
leap of industrialized nations in literacy and facilitated the spread
of information during the second industrial revolution.
However this paper contained acid pulp which was kind of slow
fire, which led to the destruction of the paper. Older techniques
used rolls of limestone to neutralize the acid in the pulp. Today
libraries use mass deacidifiare for their older Collections. The

books printed between 1850 and 1950 are in danger, the newest
being printed on acid-free paper (alkaline).
Proper care of books takes into account the possibility of chemical
changes to the text and cover art. They are best kept in dim light,
must not be under direct sunlight, at low temperature and moderate
humidity. His books, especially heavy ones, need the support of all
volumes to maintain their shape. It is desirable therefore, the books
to be grouped by size.
Maintaining a library of princes, the privilege was considered, the
monasteries and other religious institutions and universities. Once
the books with covers of cheap paper at the beginning of the 20th
century has come to an explosion of popular publications, making
it more accessible to ordinary people.
New forms of book
In the 20th century, libraries have done in relation to a rate of
publications increasingly larger, this part of the information
explosion. The invention of the Internet and electronic publishing
(DTP) has made a lot of new information to be printed in books,
but also made available online for example, via a virtual digital
library, on CD-ROM or in the form of electronic cards, virtual
(English: e-books). This increased complexity for publishing
houses and libraries, while traditional paper publications, however,
have not reduced the volume of either.
But emerged with the development process and the publication of
books. For example, "print on demand" (book on demand) may
benefit less well known authors, which means they are able to
deliver quickly and work in a circulation initially unpredictable, at
acceptable cost.
Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone
Author J.K. Rowling
Genre Fantasy
The Harry Potter Series

Original title Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Publishing House
Bloomsbury
Illustrator (s) Thomas Taylor
Original language English
Country of first release United Kingdom
Publication date 30 June 1997
Number of pages 223
Harry Potter is a young boy who lives with his uncles and his
cousin. I was told that his parents had died when he was only one
year in an car accident and his uncles take care of then it is treated
quite badly at home, sitting in a small room located under the
stairs. One day, Harry checks his mail and discovers a letter
addressed to him from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft, but Vernon
rip it out not letting him to read it. In the coming days, a lot of owls
with letters bombarded the postal box and Uncle Vernon burn
them. In an effort to escape, the Dursleys move from place to place
settling on a deserted island