9 million

There are more than

LGBT adults in the U.S
They identify as...

More LGBT individuals identify as

racial/ethnic minorities (37%)

than non-LGBT individuals (28%).

Highest percentage LGBT residents

among largest U.S. metro areas

Marriage Opinions since 2004 and Projecting to 2016 Estimates

1 million same-sex couples in the

United States and almost 400,000 are married.

There are nearly

Even so, about one in six married same-sex couples

live in states that currently dont recognize their marriage.
Same-Sex Couples in the United States

The number of legally married same-sex couples

in the United States has tripled in the last year.
MarriedSameSexCouplesinthe

Married
Same-Sex Couples
in the United States
UnitedStates
(ACS2013Galuup2015)
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0

likely to be raising an adopted or foster

child than their married different-sex counterparts.
Marriage for same-sex couples could generate
Marriage for same-sex couples could generate $2.6 billion for the
$2.6 billion for the economy.
economy
. Much of that impact has not yet been generated.
Much of that impact has not yet been generated.

That boost could

$185
million in state
and local tax
revenue and
generate

Demographics-of-Married!and!!
could
create over
That boost could
generate
Unmarried)Same"sex$Couples:!!
million
in state
and .
13,000
jobs
Marriage Opinions since 2004 and Projecting to$185
2016 Estimates
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Analyses(of(the(2013(American)Community)Survey
March!2015

local tax

revenue and could

create over 13,000 jobs.

by Gary J. Gates

Executive)Summary)

28%
22%

times

19%

8%

Same-sex couples
All couples

Unmarried

3%
3%
1.5%
1.4%
0.7%2%
Married

3%

All

4%

Unmarried

Substantial research suggests that marriage is

more
likely
be raising
associated
with tolower
economic vulnerability in
couples and families. Although marriage for sameansexadopted
couples has or
onlyfoster
recently child
become than
available for
most couples in the United States, economic
their
married
different-sex
counterparts.
advantages
associated
with marriage
are evident
among same-sex couples in ways that are similar to
their different-sex counterparts. For example,
married same-sex couples have a median
household income that is approximately 27%
higher than the median income of unmarried samesex couples. Also, poverty is substantially less
common among married same-sex couples (4%)
than among unmarried same-sex couples (18%).

All

Same-sex couples are three

% Raising adopted or foster children

% Raising adopted or foster children in

in the US
couples
theamong
US among
couples

Married

The US Census Bureaus 2013 American

Community Survey marked the first time that a
large national demographic survey explicitly
identified both married and unmarried same-sex
couples,
allowing forcouples
separate analyses
of these two
18%
of same-sex
are raising
groups. These analyses outlined below compare
more
200,000economic,
children.and geographic
the than
demographic,
characteristics of these two groups, especially those
raising children. Comparisons are also made with
married and unmarried different-sex couples.

Different-sex couples

Couples raising children under age 18

An estimated 122,000 same-sex couples are raising children under age 18. The median annual household income
of these couples is more than 5% lower than the median annual household income of different-sex couples raising

While marriage equality gains traction,

non-discrimination laws stagnate.

There are still

32 states

without fully inclusive protections that

do not prohibit discrimination

based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

Sexual orientation and gender identity protection

in employment, housing and public accommodations
Sexual orientation protection only
No public accommodations protection
No protection

For example, Florida

does not have a statewide law that prohibits

discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity, even

though 73% of Floridian poll respondents support such a law.

328,000

10%

81%

54%

Number of
Floridian LGBT
Workers

Income Disparity
between
Straight and Gay
Male Workers
in Florida

Transgender
Floridian Workers
Reporting Workplace
Discrimination

Transgender
Floridian Workers
Reporting Workplace
Discrimination

Transgender workplace
discrimination (National
Transgender
respondents experienced unemployment
Transgender
Transgender Discrimination Survey)
respondents experienced
at twice the rate of the general population,
unemployment at
Transgender
workplace
and Denied
44%
reported
experiencing
under-employment.
a promotion
23%
discrimination (National twice the rate of
Transg
the general population,
and
Fired
26% Discrimination
Transgender
workplace discrimination
Transgender
Survey)

respondents ex
44% reported
unemploym
experiencing
undertwice the
the general popu
employment
.
44%

(National Transgender Discrimination Survey)

Not hired
Harassed at work

44%

Denied a promotion

23%

50%

Fired

Mistreatment or discrimination

78%

Not hired

26%

ex

44%

Harassed at work

u
employ

50%

Mistreatment or discrimination

78%

LGBT-supportive
policies have been found to be good
However, many LGBT-supportive policies
for employers.
have been found to be good for employers.
However, many LGBT-supportive
policies
have
been found
to be good
of studies
showing relationship
between
LGBT-supportive
policies
NumberNumber
of studies
showing
relationship
between
LGBT-supportive
or workplace climates and economic outcomes
policies or workplace
climates for
and employers.
economic outcomes
However, many

Greater job commitment

Improved health outcomes

16

2 1

14

3
11
Number of studies showing
relationship
between LGBT-su
More openness about being LGBT
1
8
policies or workplace
climates
and economic outcom
Increased job satisfaction

Improved workplace relationships

Less discriminationGreater job commitment

11

Improved health outcomes 1

Increased productivity

Increased job satisfaction

Negative business relationship
No business relationship
More openness about being LGBT
Improved workplace relationships
Less discrimination

Increased productivity

16

2 1

14

3
11
Positive business relationship
1
8
3

11

3
1

higher risk for

Employment discrimination can put individuals at
vulnerability
.
highereconomic
risk for economic
vulnerability
.

Employment discrimination can put individuals at

Adults in the United States

32%
32%
24%
24%

Adults in the Unites States

29%
29%

18%
18%
9%
9%

Household income
income
Household
below $24,000
$24,000
below

13%
13%

18%
18%

25%
25%

Not enough
enough money
money for
for Not
Not enough
enough money
money for
for Not
Not enough
enough money
money for
for
Not
food
shelter
health care
care
food
shelter
health
Non-LGBT
Non-LGBT

LGBT
LGBT

Economic disparities can be

Economic disparities can be exacerbated in states

exacerbated in

states
that doLGBT
not prohibit
that do not
prohibit
discrimination.
LGBT discrimination.

Household
income
difference
forsame-sex
same-sex couples
with
children
Household
income
difference
for
couples
with
children
compared to their different-sex married parent counterparts
compared to their different-sex married parent counterparts
Nationwide
Nationwide

-$7,600.00
-$7,600.00

States with
with LGB
LGB NonNonStates
Discrimination
State
Laws
Discrimination State Laws

States without
without LGB
LGB NonNonStates
Discrimination
State
Laws
Discrimination State Laws

-$4,300.00
-$4,300.00
-$11,300.00
-$11,300.00

Approximately

700,000 adults living in the United States identify as

transgender.
identify astransgender.
transgender.
transgender.

Approximately
700,000
adults
living
inthe
the
United
States
Approximately
700,000
adults
in
United
States
identify
as
Approximately
700,000
adults
living inliving
the United
States identify
as
Despite being barred from serving openly, nearly
being barred
from serving
DespiteDespite
being barred
from
serving
openly,openly,
nearly nearly
or have
Despite being barredserve
from serving
openly, nearly
or have
serve
orserve
have
150,000 serve
or have
served
, which is in the U.S. military,
is general
which is twice the, which
rate of,iswhich
theofgeneral
population
the
population
of the general
population
of the general
population

150,000
served in the
150,000
served
in the
150,000
served
in
the
U.S. military
twice the rate
U.S.
military
twice
the rate
U.S. military
twice
the rate

Veterans,
Active
retired
Veterans, duty
Active
Veterans,
Active
134,300
retired
15,500
duty
retired
duty
134,300
15,500
134,300
15,500

Strict photo identification states with

Strict identification
photo
identification
states with
Strict
photo
states
with
percentage
and number
of
voting-eligible
Strict
photo identification
states
with
percentage
percentage
and
number
of voting-eligible
and
number
ofnumber
voting-eligible
transgender
adults
percentage
and
of voting-eligible
transgender
adults
without
updated
IDs
for the
yet strict voter ID laws
without updated
IDs forwithout
the 2014 elections
transgender
adults
updated
IDs
for the
transgender
adults
without
updated
IDs
for
the
2014
elections
yet
strict
voter
ID
laws
could
have
yet strict voter ID laws
2014 elections
could have
2014 elections
could
have
yet strict
voter ID laws could have

disenfranchised
disenfranchised
disenfranchised
more than
disenfranchised
more
than
one
in
one inmore
four transgender
people
than
one
more
than
onepeople
in in
four
transgender
living in strict voter ID states or
four
transgender
people
living
in strict
voter
ID states
four
transgender
people
24,000
individuals
in the 2014
living
strictIDvoter
ID states
living
in
strictinvoter
states
24,000
or
general elections.
or 24,000
or 24,000
individuals in the
individuals
2014
general elections.
individuals
in the in the
2014 general
elections.
2014 general
elections.

The vast majority of employers do not

provide coverage for transition-

The vast
majority
of
related
health
care

The
vastdo
majority
of
not
The employers
vast
majority
of
employers
provide
coverage
for
employers
do
not do not
coverage
for
provideprovide
coverage
for

transitiontransitiontransitionrelated
related
related
health care
health

health
carecare

Nevertheless,
a surveyaofsurvey
employers
who
Nevertheless,
of employers

Nevertheless,
a survey
who transition-related
provided
health
provided
health
careof employers
Nevertheless,
atransition-related
survey
of employers

whocare
provided
transition-related
health
benefits
found them to have
who
provided
transition-related
very
benefits
found them
to have zero or health
care benefits
foundtothem
care benefits
found them
haveto have
,
low costs, low utilization, and yet it
,
,
provided benefits for both employers
, and yet it
, and
and employees.
, and yet
it yet it
provided
for both
provided
provided
for bothfor both

zero or very low costs

zero
or very
low costs
zerolow
or very
low costs
utilization
low utilization
low utilization
benefits
benefits
benefits
employers and
employers
and
employers
and
employees.
employees
.
employees
.
8

More than

one in five transgender

Latina women in Los Angeles County reported being

physically assaulted by law enforcement officers
and nearly one in four reported sexual assault
at their hands.

LGBTQ youth face much higher risks for homelessness and

LGBTQ
youth
face much higher
for homelessnessand
LGBTQ youth
face much
higher
risksrisks
for homelessness
economic
vulnerability.
and economic
vulnerability.
economic vulnerability.

Sexual and gender minority categories

exualSexual
and
gender
minority
categories
and gender
minority
categories
of youth
in Los
Angeles
foster care
of
youth
in
Los
Angeles
foster
of youth in Los Angeles fostercare
care
LGBTQ

LGBTQ

LGBQ

LGBQ
Same-Sex Attracted

Same-Sex Attracted
Gender Non-Conforming

Gender Non-Conforming
Transgender
Transgender

Over 350 homeless

5.6%

LGBTQ youth are

LGBTQ youth are

overrepresented in
overrepresented
incare
19.1%
the
foster
LGBTQ youth are
overrepresented
19.1%
13.4%
the
care
in thesystem
fosterfoster
care
system.
While
. While
about
7% of
13.4%
13.2%
about
7% of American
youth 7%
identify
system
. While
American
youthabout
identify
asofLGBTQ,
13.2%
American
youth
identify
as LGBTQ,
19%
of youthas
in LGBTQ,
LA County
11.1%
19%
of youth in LA County
foster
care
identified
as LA
LGBTQ.
11.1%
19%
of youth
in
County
foster
care identified
as LGBTQ.
5.6%
foster care identified as LGBTQ.

TopTop
reasons
homeless
providers
reasons
homeless youth
youth providers
cited
for
youth
homelessness
or riskor risk
Topcited
reasons
homeless
youth
providers
forLGBT
LGBT
youth
homelessness
cited for LGBT youth homelessness or risk

Over 350 homeless youth

youth
organizations
organizations
reported
ver 350
homeless
youth
Ran away because of family rejection of sexual
that
LGBT
youth
rganizations
reported
reported
that
LGBT
orientation or gender identity
Ran away because of family rejection of sexual
represented
between
hat LGBT
youth
youth represented
Forced
out by identity
parents because of sexual
orientation
or gender
epresented between
orientation
or gender identity
ofForced out by parents because
of sexual
betweenand
30% and 43%
orientation
or
gender
identity
of
Physical, emotional or sexual abuse at home
those
served
byby
drop-in
ofand
those
served
centers,
outreach
Physical, emotional or sexual abuse at home
hose served
bystreet
drop-in
drop-in centers, street
Aged out of the foster care system
programs,
and housing
enters,
street outreach
Aged out of the foster care system
outreach
programs,
programs.
rograms,
and housing
Financial or emotional neglect from family
rograms.
and housing programs.

46%

30% 43%
30% 43%

Financial or emotional neglect from family

Mentorship and LGBTQ Youth

Mentorship
and LGBTQ Youth
89%
85%

17%

14%

More than

32%
17%

43%
32%

46%

43%

14%

2.7 million

HIV-based stigma and discrimination

The impact of HI
The
impact
of HIV-based
stigma
pervades
daily
lives
people living
with HIV.pervades the d
pervades the
the
daily
lives of
of many
many
and discrimination pervades the daily lives of many
More people
with
dying
HIVHIV.
in
than
people
living
with
people are
are living
living
with and
and
dying from
from
in the
the SouthMore
than any
anypeople ar
other
other region
region of
of the
the country.
country. However,
However, relative to the
other regi
population size,
the
size, the
the Mountain states outpacepopulation
the South
South
More people are living with and dying from HIV in the South than any other region of the
men
in
in the
the rate
rate of
of new
new infections,
infections, and
and men who have sex withthe
rate of new in
country. However, relative to the population size, the Mountain statesinoutpace
six intimes
the
have
rate
that
is
in
the Mountain
Mountain
states
have aa new
new
infection
rate
that
is nearly
nearly
thein
South
in
the rate ofstates
new infections,
andinfection
men who
have
sex
with men
the
in the Mountain st
Mountain states have a new infection
rate that is nearly rate
six times
the regional
.. the regional rate.
The
The impact
impact of
of

New
Diagnoses
New HIV
HIV
Diagnoses per
per 100,000
100,000 (2008-2011)
(2008-2011)
New HIV Diagnoses per 100,000 (2008-2011)
47.2
47.2

21.6
21.6

Northeast
Northeast

25.4
25.4

54.9
54.9
10.7
10.7

Midwest
Midwest

98% ofof low-income

low-income

people
people living
living with
with HIV
HIV in
in
LA
County
reported
LA County reported

61.6
61.6
25.1
25.1

10.7
10.7

South
South

Mountain
Mountain

Men
MenWho
Who Have
Have Sex
Sexwith
with Men
Men

US
US Population
Population

New H

54.4
54.4
47.2

16.2
16.221.6

Pacific
Pacific
Northeast

Most
prevalent
legal
issue areas
reported
Most
legal
issue
areas
reported
Most prevalent
prevalent
legal
issue
areas
reported
98%
of low-incom
Testamentary
TestamentaryDocuments
Documents && Directives
Directives

legal needs inin the

the
98%
of low-income people living
past
past year,
year, but
but 16%
with HIV in LA County reported
sought
and
sought
and found
legal
needs
in the past year, but
help
from
a help
16%
sought
and found
from
a lawyer.
lawyer.

Consumer
Consumer Law
Law

Health
Health Care
Care Access
Access
Housing
Housing

Public
Public Benefits
Benefits
Criminal
Criminal

Discrimination
Discrimination

Immigration
Immigration

people living
85%
85%with HI
LA
49%
49%County reported

legal needs in
42%
42%
past year, but 16%
30%
30%
28%
28% sought and found
21%
21%
help from a
19%
19%
lawyer.
47%
47%

Lifting the blood ban

Lifting the blood ban on men who haveon

sexmen
with who
men
on
men
who have
have sex
sex with
with
men
could
increase
the
supply
by
men
couldthe
increase
the annual
annual
blood
supply
by 2%-4%,
2%-4%, which
which
could
increase
annual blood
supply blood
by
2%-4%,
which

more more
than 1 million
could save
than 1lives.
million lives..

could save

10

References (in order of appearance above):

ANDREW R. FLORES & SCOTT BARCLAY, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, TRENDS IN
PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR MARRIAGE FOR SAME-SEX COUPLES BY STATE (2015), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/
wp-content/uploads/Trends-in-Public-Support-for-Same-Sex-Marriage-2004-2014.pdf.
GARY J. GATES, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, LGBT DEMOGRAPHICS: COMPARISONS
AMONG POPULATION-BASED SURVEYS (2014), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/lgbtdemogs-sep-2014.pdf.
AMIRA HASENBUSH, ANDREW R. FLORES, ANGELIKI KASTANIS, BRAD SEARS & GARY J. GATES, THE WILLIAMS
INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, THE LGBT DIVIDE: A DATA PORTRAIT OF LGBT PEOPLE IN THE
MIDWESTERN, MOUNTAIN AND SOUTHERN STATES (2014), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/
uploads/LGBT-divide-Dec- 2014.pdf.
GARY J. GATES, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, COMPARING LGBT RANKINGS BY METRO
AREA: 1990 TO 2014 (2015), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Comparing-LGBT-Rankingsby-Metro-Area-1990-2014.pdf.
700,000 Americans Are Married to a Same-sex Spouse, Married Same-sex Couples More Likely to Raise Adopted,
Foster Children and Are More Economically Secure, New Reports Show, THE WILLIAMS INSTITUTE (March 5,
2015), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/press/press-releases/married-same-sex-couples-more-likely-to-raiseadopted-foster-children-and-have-more-economic-resources-new-reports-show/.
GARY J. GATES, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, DEMOGRAPHICS OF MARRIED AND
UNMARRIED SAME-SEX COUPLES: ANALYSES OF THE 2013 AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY (2015), http://
williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Demographics-Same-Sex-Couples-ACS2013-March-2015.pdf.
The Business Impact of Opening Marriage to Same-Sex Couples, THE WILLIAMS INSTITUTE (2015),
http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/interactive-economic-impact/.
CHRISTY MALLORY & BRAD SEARS, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, EMPLOYMENT
DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY IN FLORIDA (2015),
http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Florida-ND-March-2015.pdf.
JAIME M. GRANT, LISA A. MOTTET, JUSTIN TANIS, JACK HARRISON, JODY L. HERMAN & MARA KEISLING,
INJUSTICE AT EVERY TURN: A REPORT OF THE NATIONAL TRANSGENDER DISCRIMINATION SURVEY (2011),
http://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/NTDS_Report.pdf.
M.V. LEE BADGETT, LAURA E. DURSO, ANGELIKI KASTANIS & CHRISTY MALLORY , THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF
CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, THE BUSINESS IMPACT OF LGBT-SUPPORTIVE WORKPLACE POLICIES (2013),
http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Business-Impact-LGBT-Policies-Full-May-2013.pdf.
ANDREW BURWICK GARY GATES, SCOTT BAUMGARTNER, DANIEL FRIEND, HUMAN SERVICES FOR LOWINCOME AND AT- RISK LGBT POPULATIONS: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASE AND RESEARCH NEEDS
(2014), http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/lgbt_hsneeds_assessment_
reportfinal1_12_15.pdf.

11

 GARY J. GATES, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE LESBIAN, GAY,
BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER? (2011), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-HowMany-People-LGBT-Apr-2011.pdf.

JODY L. HERMAN, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF VOTER
IDENTIFICATION LAWS ON TRANSGENDER VOTERS IN THE 2014 GENERAL ELECTION (2014),
http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/voter-id-laws-september-2014.pdf.
JODY L. HERMAN, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, COSTS AND BENEFITS OF PROVIDING
TRANSITION- RELATED HEALTH CARE COVERAGE IN EMPLOYEE HEALTH BENEFITS PLANS: FINDINGS FROM A
SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS (2013), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Herman-Cost-Benefit-ofTrans-Health-Benefits-Sept-2013.pdf.
BIANCA D.M. WILSON, KHUSH COOPER, ANGELIKI KASTANIS & SHEILA NEZHAD, SEXUAL AND GENDER
MINORITY YOUTH IN FOSTER CARE: ASSESSING DISPROPORTIONALITY AND DISPARITIES IN LOS ANGELES (2014),
http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/LAFYS_report_final-aug-2014.pdf.
LAURA E. DURSO AND GARY J. GATES, SERVING OUR YOUTH: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY OF
SERVICES PROVIDERS WORKING WITH LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER YOUTH WHO ARE
HOMELESS OR AT RISK OF BECOMING HOMELESS (2012), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/
uploads/Durso-Gates-LGBT-Homeless-Youth-Survey-July-2012.pdf.
CHRISTY MALLORY, BRAD SEARS, AMIRA HASENBUSH & ALEXANDRA SUSMAN, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV.
OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, ENSURING ACCESS TO MENTORING PROGRAMS FOR LGBTQ YOUTH (2014), http://
williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Access-to-Youth-Mentoring-Programs.pdf.
FRANK H. GALVAN & MOHSEN BAZARGAN, BIENESTAR, INTERACTIONS OF LATINA TRANSGENDER WOMEN
WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT (2012), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Galvan-BazarganInteractions-April-2012.pdf.
CHRISTY MALLORY, AMIRA HASENBUSH & BRAD SEARS, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF
LAW, DISCRIMINATION AND HARASSMENT BY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN THE LGBT COMMUNITY
(2015), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/LGBT-Discrimination-and-Harassment-in-LawEnforcement-March-2015.pdf.
CHRISTY MALLORY, AMIRA HASENBUSH & BRAD SEARS, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW,
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ON THE BASIS OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND
GENDER IDENTITY: 2000-2013 (2013), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Law-EnforcementDiscrim-Report-Nov-2013.pdf.
AYAKO MIYASHITA, AMIRA HASENBUSH, BIANCA D.M. WILSON, ILAN MEYER, SHEILA NEZHAD & BRAD
SEARS, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, THE LEGAL NEEDS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV:
EVALUATING ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN LOS ANGELES (2015), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/
uploads/Legal-Needs-People-Living-with-HIV-Los-Angeles-County-April-2015.pdf.
AYAKO MIYASHITA & GARY J. GATES, THE WILLIAMS INST. UNIV. OF CAL. L.A. SCH. OF LAW, UPDATE: EFFECTS
OF LIFTING BLOOD DONATION BANS ON MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN (2014), http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.
edu/wp-content/uploads/Blood-Ban-update-Jan-2015.pdf.

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About the Williams Institute

The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy at UCLA School of Law
advances law and public policy through rigorous, independent research and scholarship, and disseminates its work
through a variety of education programs and media to judges, legislators, lawyers, other policymakers and the
public. These studies can be accessed at the Williams Institute website.

For more information

The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law
Box 951476
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1476
(310)267-4382
williamsinstitute@law.ucla.edu
www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute

Connect with the Williams Institute: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/

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